To investigate the role of ICAM 1 in the aggregation of polymorphoneucleocytes (PMN) in the lungs at the early stage of burns. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) content in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was assayed. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) and its mRNA expression in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization. CD11b/CD18 expression on the circulating PMN were measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that levels of MPO in lung tissues and BALF were markedly higher than those of control after burn injury. Expression of ICAM 1 and its mRNA in the lung tissues and CD11b/CD18 on circulating PMN surface were significantly increased at 2, 6, 12, 24hr after burns. It suggests that PMN aggregation in the lungs might be related to increased ICAM 1 expression on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and CD11b/CD18 expression on PMN at the early stage of burn injury.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze 18F-fludeoxyglucose injection by Silica Gel TLC method.METHODS: TLC was adopted in which 18F-fludeoxyglucose injection(A) and mixture solution of 18F-FDG injection-acetonitrile(5∶95,V/V)(B) were used as testing solution.GF silica plate and G silica plate were used as stationary phase,and the mobile phase was acetonitrile: water(95∶5,V/V).RESULTS: The main peak Rf of testing solution A had a great fluctuation;The main peak Rf of testing solution B was 0.38～0.40.Radiochemical purity of 18F-fludeoxyglucose was more than 98%,and the Rf of radioimpurity 18F-and the by-product 18F-fludeoxymannose stood at 0.0 and 0.78 respectively.CONCLUSION: When testing solution B,the process of silica gel thin-layer chromatographic analysis is stable and reproducible,and the results meets the requirements specified in USP and are independent of the category of silica plate.

Objective:To assess the β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition of voxel-based PET imaging in Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and its relationships with blood biomarkers (Aβ).Methods:From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 23 AD patients (9 males, 14 females, age (68.5±9.0) years; duration: (40.9±23.3) months; 8 mild patients, 15 moderate or severe patients) who underwent Aβ PET and with positive imaging results in Daping Hospital, Army Medical University were retrospectively enrolled. The information of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were collected. Blood level of Aβ42, Aβ40 were measured. Differences of those metrics including Aβ42/Aβ40 between mild and moderate or severe patients were compared. For all 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) PET images, voxel-based one-sample independent t test analyses were performed. Voxel-based two-sample independent t test analyses were also performed between mild and moderate or severe patients. The voxel-based Pearson correlation analyses were run to assess the associations between blood metrics and Aβ deposition of 11C-PIB PET. Results:Comparing with mild patients, moderate or severe patients had lower MMSE (9.67±4.37 vs 17.13±2.80; t=4.349, P<0.001) and longer duration ((48.8±23.8) vs (26.0±13.5) months; t=-2.489, P<0.05). On voxel-wise analysis, amyloid PET illustrated brain Aβ deposition in bilateral frontal, right temporal, right occipital and posterior cingulate regions ( t values: 0.44-0.67, all P<0.001). Within AD, Aβ42/Aβ40 ( r values: from -0.62 to -0.41, 0.41-0.66, all P<0.05) were associated with amyloid PET, but not associated with Aβ42 ( r values: from -0.33 to 0, all P>0.05) or Aβ40 ( r values: from -0.41 to 0, all P>0.05). Conclusions:Based on voxel-wise analysis, 11C-PIB PET has comparable value for brain Aβ deposition. Aβ42/Aβ40 has the potential to predict brain Aβ deposition.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and explore the factors that may affect the binding of 11C-PIB. Methods:From January 2017 to December 2019, the 11C-PIB uptake of 6 patients with normal cognitive (NC; 3 males, 3 females, age: (64.5±12.3) years), 11 patients with MCI (4 males, 7 females, age: (64.5±9.8) years) and 21 patients with AD (7 males, 14 females, age: (68.1±9.1) years) from Daping Hospital, Army Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Regional 11C-PIB binding was assessed by using standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and visual reading of 11C-PIB scan. Clinical data, including age, gender, education level, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological scale score, vascular risk factors (VRF), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, were collected and differences among groups were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference t test or Fisher exact test. Factors that affected the 11C-PIB binding were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:SUVR of cerebral lobe among NC, MCI and AD groups were significantly different (range of mean SUVR: 1.16-1.26, 1.19-1.35 and 1.40-1.61; F values: 5.331-9.279, all P<0.05). For positive PIB patients, SUVR of posterior cingulate and precuneus were increased in MCI group compared with NC group (1.20±0.15 vs 1.50±0.12, 1.18±0.15 vs 1.59±0.13; F values: 6.389 and 10.668, t values: -2.33 and -3.10, both P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in all lobes between MCI and AD group ( t values: from -1.29 to -0.51, all P>0.05). Visual analysis showed that the positive rates of PIB in frontal lobe (85.7%(18/21)), posterior cingulate (85.7%(18/21)), precuneus (81.0%(17/21)), temporal lobe (81.0%(17/21)) and occipital lobe (47.6%(10/21)) in AD were higher than those in MCI (4/11, 4/11, 4/11, 3/11 and 1/11, respectively; all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the degree of cognitive impairment were independent risk factors for SUVR of all lobes ( b values: 0.377-0.536, all P<0.05). The ApoE ε4 gene was independent risk factor for SUVR of precuneus ( b=0.290, P<0.05). Conclusion:11C-PIB is helpful for clinical diagnosis of MCI and AD patients and the degree of cognitive impairment and ApoE ε4 gene may be independent risk factors for increasing 11C-PIB binding.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of overseas imported dengue fever and malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of overseas imported arthropod-borne infectious diseases. Methods: The data pertaining to imported dengue fever and malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2021 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the temporal distribution, regional distribution, population distribution, sources, diagnosis and treatment of imported dengue fever and malaria cases were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 4 332 overseas imported dengue fever cases and 2 011 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province form 2015 to 2021, which accounted for 30.09% of all reported dengue fever cases and 98.53% of all reported malaria cases. The number of overseas imported dengue fever and malaria cases peaked from August to November (83.13% of all imported dengue fever cases) and from April to July (59.08% of all imported malaria cases), and the cases were predominantly reported in Dehong Prefecture (50.99% and 58.88%), with farmers as the predominant occupation (40.21% and 67.93%). The dengue fever and malaria cases were mainly imported from Southeast Asia (99.04% and 88.21%), and the proportions of definitive diagnosis of dengue fever and malaria were 88.33% and 97.80% at township hospitals, respectively. Conclusions The number of overseas imported dengue fever and malaria cases peaked from August to November and from April to July in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2021, and the cases were predominantly reported in Dehong Prefecture and imported from Southeast Asia, with farmers as the predominant occupation.

Multi-centre clinical trials on PET/CT brain imaging are complex to organize and require careful co-ordination and management. This article describes considerations, which are necessary when designing and starting a multi-centre clinical trial on PET/CT brain imaging, based on guidelines and multi-center clinical brain imaging studies, providing references for further studies.

Due to the availability of 18F-FDG in PET centers, this article aims to advocate and promote the standardization of 18F-FDG PET brain imaging in dementia in order to improve the reliability, repeatability and comparison of the imaging process and results. It is also provided to guide the PET imaging operation standard and to give suggestions on image interpretation.

Presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of parkinsonism. Based on the expert consensus on operation and clinical application of dopamine transporter brain PET imaging technology published in 2020, this paper further recommends the relevant elements of result interpretation of presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school varicella and varicella public health emergency event (PHEE) in Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella in schools. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the reported PHEE of varicella in students and varicella in schools in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2020. Results From 2018 to 2020, a total of 69,391 cases of varicella were reported in students in Yunnan Province, accounting for 71.48% (69 391 / 97 080) of the total cases in the province, and the annual average reported incidence rate was 255.56/100 000 (69 391/27.1522 million). The time distribution of the incidence showed double peaks, which were from May to July (26.48%) and October to January of the following year (53.88%). The incidence rates of different schools from high to low were 301.74/100 000 for primary schools (34 816/11.538 3 million), 250.43/100 000 for kindergarten (11 526/4.6024 million), 202.74/100 000 for middle school (16 779/8.276 1 million), and 119.07/100 000 for others (3 257/2.735 4 million). The age distribution was mainly concentrated in 5-9 years old, accounting for 39.81% (27 625/69 391). Varicella PHEE accounted for 25.64% (180/702）of the province's PHEE in the same period, school varicella PHEE accounted for 100% of varicella PHEE, and the attack rate was 3.38% (6 566/194 260). The sources of reported varicella PHEE were hospitals 45.40% (58/123), epidemic analysis 36.78% (44/123), schools 13.22% (15/123), and others 4.60% (6/123). Conclusion The incidence of varicella in schools in Yunnan Province is high, which is harmful to students. PHEE reported in rural schools are relatively lagging behind. On the basis of doing two doses of varicella vaccination, emergency prevention should be focused on epidemic seasons, lower grade schools and rural schools. The source of infection shall be controlled and managed in time to prevent the outbreak of the epidemic. It is recommended that varicella should be included in the management of Class C infectious diseases.

Objective: To investigate the correlations among striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution, glucose metabolism and Parkinson′s disease (PD) clinical symptoms. Methods: Twenty-five clinically confirmed idiopathic PD patients (17 males, 8 females, age: (59.8±9.2) years) who underwent ¹¹C-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT) and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging from January 2015 to December 2016 were reviewed. The detailed clinical scores were systematically collected from all patients. Correlations between DAT distribution, glucose metabolism and clinical symptoms were evaluated at global and voxel levels using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: There were significantly positive correlations between the PD-related pattern (PDRP) value and unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) motor scores, non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) scores, activity of daily living scale (ADL) scores (r values: 0.580, 0.522, 0.557, all P<0.05). The CFT uptake of ipsilateral caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen were negatively correlated with UPDRS motor scores (r values: -0.496, -0.492, -0.457, all P<0.05), while those had no significant correlations with NMSS scores (r values: -0.420, -0.402, -0.355, all P>0.05). The CFT uptake of ipsilateral caudate nucleus and anterior putamen were negatively correlated with ADL scores (r values: -0.502, -0.522, both P<0.05). There were no significant correlations between CFT uptake in contralateral striatal, anterior putamen, posterior putamen and PDRP values, UPDRS motor scores, NMSS scores and ADL scores(r values: from -0.466 to -0.129, all P>0.05). The presence of the significant correlations between UPDRS motor scores, ADL scores and the CFT radioactive count were confirmed in left caudate nucleus and left putamen (r values: from -0.90 to -0.47, all P<0.05). The metabolic PET imaging disclosed a set of brain regions correlating with the clinical symptoms. The presence of significant correlations between the metabolic PET imaging and CFT uptake were confirmed in bilateral caudate nucleus (r values: 0.47-0.90, both P<0.01), precentral gyrus and insula (r values: -0.90 to -0.47, all P<0.01). Conclusion The correlations between DAT distribution, glucose metabolism and PD clinical symptoms are complicated, which promote the understanding in the proper application of dopaminergic and metabolic PET imaging in PD and offer more evidences in PD pathophysiological mechanisms.