BACKGROUND: Centrifugal force is a contributing factor inducing osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow stroma cells.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether centrifugal force promote osteoblastic differentiation from rabbit marrow stroma cell seeded on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow stroma cells were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow method, purified by attachment method, and digested by trypsin-EDTA at 80% confluency. The cell concentration was adjusted to 1×10~9/L. PLGA was cut into pieces, 5 mm×5 mm, soaked in serum-conditioned culture medium for 24 hours. The third passage of bone stroma cell suspension at a density of 300 μL was respectively seeded into the PLGA material. The scaffold/cell compound was placed in centrifuge tube, with cell at the upper layer and cultured in osteoblastic induced medium containing antiscorbic acid, β-sodium glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone respectively under centrifugal force every 12 hours (1 000 r/min for 30 minutes, relative centrifugal force 132 g) and static condition. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin content and calcium content as well as observation by light microscopy were used to evaluate osteoblastic differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 16 days of in vitro culture, the scaffolds of centrifugal force group were coated by multiplayer cells and mineralized matrix, but only a thin layer of cells were observed on the scaffold of control group. The centrifugal force system resulted in a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 2 (P < 0.05) but significant increase at day 4 compared with the static culture condition (P < 0.05). During the whole culture time, osteocalcin secretion remained low in control group. At days 12 and 16, a significant enhancement in osteocalcin secretion was observed for centrifugal force culture compared with static culture conditions (P < 0.05). Moreover, after 16 days of culture a significant increase in calcium deposition was observed in the scaffolds subjected to centrifugal force compared with static culture condition (P < 0.05). Centrifugal force can enhance osteoblastic differentiation and mineralized matrix production of bone marrow stroma cell seeded in PLGA.

Objective:To evaluate the knowledge and recognition of the influence factors of adverse drug reactions in medical staffs in Nanjing.Method:A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on ADR related knowledge in medical staffs in some selected hospitals in Nanjing.Result:972 valid questionnaires were obtained form 1200 selected subjects,and the response rate was 81.0%.The scores were significantly different in age groups,sex and different kinds of occupational medical workers.The mean levels of the scores were analyzed between different groups.The single factor analysis demonstrated that the different levels of hospitals,sex,knowledge and occupation were correlated with the recognition. The multiple factors logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the recognition of adverse drug reaction among medical staff in Nanjing was related with different levels of hospitals and different occupations.Conclusion:In order to enhance the recognition level,it is necessary to carry out both the long-term education and train about the specialized knowledge of ADR in basic hospitals and non-pharmacy medical staff.

Objective Hepatitis C virus patients are often accompanied by insulin resistance and diabetes.To probe the relative factors of abnormal glycometabolism in chronic HCV infections.Methods A total of 1 039 treatment-naive patients that were confirmed chronic HCV infected were enrolled in the study.The demographics,biochemical index parameters and other data about liver function and HCV viral load were got from infectious disease department of Jurong Pepole's Hospital in China.Results A total of 140 (13.5％) patients were diagnosed with some forms of abnormal glycometabolism.The body mass index (BMI) (x2 =9.231,P =0.010),waist circumference (x2 =7.984,P =0.018),systolic blood pressure (x2 =16.366,P ＜0.001),diastolic blood pressure (x2 =13.970,P =0.001),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) (x2 =4.809,P =0.028),HCV-RNA viral load (t =-3.818,P ＜0.001) were significantly different between non-diabetic HCV patients and abnormal glycometabolism patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ALT(OR =2.986,95％ CI:1.171-7.615) and HCV-RNA viral load (OR =2.061,95％ CI:1.165-3.644) were found as risk factors in multivariate regression analysis for patients with chronic hepatitis C who had abnormal glucose metabolism.Conclusions Chronic hepatitis C patients with higher ALT and HCV-RNA level were more probably to suffer from abnormal glycometabolism.In order to find potentially novel risk factors of HCV with abnormal glucose metabolisn,further studies about genetic and other clinical factors need to be processed.

Objective:To investigate the compliance with early Warfarin anticoagulation therapy after cardiac mechanical valve replacement(MHVR)and its related factors in elderly patients.Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to prospectively recruit 210 patients undergone MHVR at the Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital from January 2017 to October 2019.Six months after discharge, face-to-face interviews or telephone follow-ups were conducted to assess general information, warfarin anticoagulation knowledge, anticoagulant treatment compliance and social support.Results:The overall compliance of early Warfarin anticoagulation therapy was excellent, with 99.5% of patients compliant with medication and 99.0% compliant with INR monitoring, both higher than the rate of compliance with advised lifestyle adjustment(92.1%). Anticoagulation knowledge and age were the main influencing factors for compliance in elderly patients after MHVR.Conclusions:The compliance with early Warfarin anticoagulation therapy after MHVR is good in elderly patients in the Ningbo area.The correlation analysis suggests that medical professionals need to promote education on anticoagulation knowledge and pay more attention to anticoagulation compliance in elderly people.

Objective　To investigate the association betwee n the β3-adrenergic receptor gene (β3-AR) and obesity. Methods　147 patients with obesity and 106 controls were selected. Genotype of the β 3-AR was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragme nt length polymorphism methods (RFLP). Body mass index (BMI) was detected. Results　The frequency of Arg64 allele of β3-AR gene in the obesit y g roup (20.3%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (10.2%) ( P=0.001) . The distribution of Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg genotype in the patient group (38.7% and 0.9%) were both higher than that in the control group (19.0% and 0.7%). In the female subj ects, the Trp64Arg mutation and frequency of Arg64 allele of the β3-AR gene in the obesity group(40.6% and 20.3%) were also higher than those in control (16 . 7% and 9.5%)(P<0.01). Conclusions　These results suggest th at the Trp64Arg mutation of the β3-adrenergic-receptor gene may be associat ed with increased body fat.

Objective To compare the clinic effect of the locking compression plate (LCP) fixation and the anatomical plate in treatment of high-energy distal tibial fractures. Methods The study involved 42 patients with high-energy distal tibial fractures treated between May 2003 and May 2009. The anatomical plate group included 24 patients ( 16 males and 8 females, at average age of 39 years), of whom there were 13 patients with type A fractures, five with type B and six with type C according to the AO/ASIF classification. The LCP group included 18 patients ( 15 males and 3 females, at average age of 40 years), of whom there were 11 patients with type A fractures, three with type B and four with type C according to the AO/ASIF classification. All the patients were followed up for 8-17 months. Their functional and radiographic outcomes were collected. The operation time, intra-operative blood loss, X-ray exposure, bone healing time, post-operative complications and therapeutic effects were compared between both groups. Mazur's criteria was used to evaluate the function of the ankle. Results The LCP group was followed up for average 11.6 months and the anatomical plate group for average 14.2 months, which showed fracture healing in all the patients. The bone graft in the anatomical plate group was used more frequently than the LCP group, while the X-ray exposure in the LCP group was much more than that in the anatomical plate group. The operation time, incision size, blood loss, postoperative complications and radiographic bone healing time in the LCP group were significantly less than those in the anatomical plate group. Conclusions Both the LCP and anatomical plate are effective methods for the high energy distal tibial fractures. LCP has advantages of less trauma, quick fracture healing and less complications, is consistent with the biomechanics of internal fixation and hence is an ideal method for the treatment of the high-energy tibial fractures.

Objective To observe the clinical outcome of modified posterolateral approaches for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. Methods From January 2012 to January 2015,13 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures were identified in the Second Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Nan?jing Medical University. All the posterolateral fractures were fixated with a plate. The knee function was evaluated at the last follow?up by the Hospital for Special Surgery( HSS) Score,and the occurrence of postoperative compli?cations were observed. Results Thirteen patients were followed up for an average of 14. 4 months,all patients obtained bony union. There were no significant differences regarding the mean HSS score among 3 months, 6 months and 1 year post?operation((71. 6±1. 5) points, (76. 4±1. 6) points, (83. 2±1. 1) points;P=0. 154) . There were no significant differences regarding the tibial plateau angle and posterior slope angle on radiograph?ies of inside and outsideamong immediate,6 and 12 months postoperation((83. 7±1. 7)°,(84. 3±1. 5)°,(85. 1 ±1. 4)°,(85. 4±1. 5)°;(7. 7±1. 5)°,(7. 7±1. 4)°,(7. 7±1. 3)°,(7. 6±1. 8)°;P=0. 223,0. 191). No com?plications associated with the approach were observed and there was no infection,no malunion or fixation failure either. Conclusion In the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures,the modified posterolateral approa?ches can result in excellent fracture reduction under direct visualization and allow for posterior buttress plating.

Objective To determine the reference intervals for thyroid function tests during the second half of pregnancy (20-40 gestational weeks),and to assess the relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels and the incidence of gestational thyroid diseases.Methods Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroxine (FT4),TPOAb and urinary iodine excretion were determined in 4 729 pregnant women,who received prenatal health care at First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2011 to August 2013.Among these women,2 568 were selected using the recommendations of the American National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry,and were divided into five groups according to their gestational age:≥ 20 to ＜24 weeks (682 cases),≥ 24 to ＜28 weeks (1 322 cases),≥ 28 to ＜32 weeks (178 cases),≥ 32 to ＜36 weeks (185 cases) and ≥ 36 to ≤ 40 weeks (201 cases).Reference intervals of thyroid function tests in the second half of pregnancy were calculated.The reference values of thyroid functions in different gestational weeks were compared,and the reference intervals of thyroid functions in the second half of pregnancy were determined.The effects of maternal age and positive TPOAb on gestational thyroid diseases were analyzed.A non-parametric test,analysis of variance or Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Reference intervals for maternal thyroid function in the second half of pregnancy in our hospital were established [TSH:0.65-5.27 mU/L and FT4:8.74-14.84 pmol/L].(2) The percentage of thyroid diseases was higher using the non-pregnancy reference intervals (TSH:0.27-4.20 mU/L and FT4:12.00-22.00 pmol/L) than using the pregnancy reference intervals [64.0％ (3 025/4 729) vs 16.1％ (763/4 729),x2=47.465,P ＜ 0.01],which manifested as a higher rate of clinical hypothyroidism and simple hypothyroxinemia [5.4％ (255/4 729) vs 0.4％ (20/4 729),x2=14.321;54.1％ (2 560/4 729) vs 9.1％ (429/4 729),x2=47.108;both P＜0.01] and a lower rate of subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism [1.2％ (58/4 729) vs 3.3％ (155/4 729),x2=6.650;0.3％ (13/4 729) vs 0.6％ (27/4 729),x2=2.062;both P＜0.05].(3) The incidence of clinical hypothyroidism and simple hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women aged ＞30 years was higher than in those aged ≤ 30 years [0.7％ (10/1 377) vs 0.3％ (10/3 352),x2=4.257;11.7％ (161/1 377) vs 8.0％ (268/3 352),x2=16.102;both P＜0.05].The incidence of clinical hypothyroidism and clinical hyperthyroidism in TPOAb positive women was higher than that in TPOAb negative women [2.7％ (9/335) vs 0.3％ (11/4 394),x2=44.009;3.9％ (13/335) vs 1.2％ (52/4 394),x2=16.784;both P＜0.01].Conclusions The established pregnancy-specific reference ranges of thyroid function tests can reduce the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of gestational thyroid diseases.Maternal age ＞30 years and positive TPOAb may increase the risk ofgestational thyroid diseases.

Objective To explore the status of Cryptosporidium infection among injection drug abusers(IDUs) based on the purified recombinant CP23 protein antigen.Methods The serologic antibody response of Cryptosporidium infection was examined by indirect ELISA in the collected 588 serum episodes of IDUs and 384 cases of healthy persons. Results Among 588 cases of IDUs, 69.90% of them were serologic antibody-positive, compared with 29.43% of the healthy persons, with a significant difference(P

Practical ability training is one of the core tasks during the education for master of public health (MPH).We got a deeper understanding of practical ability cultivation situation for MPH in our school and got a more accurate recognition of the existed problems through conducting questionnaire for three grades MPH of professional degree and related tutors.We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mode and reflected on curriculum design,teaching method reform and practical ability training reform,etc based on the results of the questionnaire and years of experiences.