ObjectiveTo establish a comprehensive evaluation method on sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to different antibiotics, then use the method to evaluate the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to 6 antibiotics. Methods Through literature review, related articles were consulted and sensitivity testing data to antibiotics were collected,and the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to the 6 antibiotics was assessed with analytic hierarchy process. The sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to the 6 antibiotics(Cefotaxime penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Ciprofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin Buddha's, and Streptomycin) was evaluated comprehensively with analytic hierarchy process from the antibacterial situation of the antibiotics to Yersinia pestis of 141 strains of virulent, attenuated EV76paris strains and isolates of the bacteria of Yunnan. Results The evaluation showed that the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to antibiotics was different. The rank of the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to the 6 antibiotics was: Ceftazidime, Ampicillin, Cefazolin,Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Streptomycin. Composite score index were 1.730 77, 1.631 77, 1.581 95, 1.567 80,1.449 48, and 0.999 99, respectively. Conclusions Analytic hierarchy process evaluation can be a reasonable,objective and more accurate evaluation on the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to different antibiotics. This method could provide some references for screening feasible pharmaceuticals against plague.

Abstract?AIM:To evaluate the effect of combined glaucoma and cataract surgery on the function of eye surface and tear film.?METHODS:This clinical trial involved 75 patients ( 75 eyes ) with glaucoma complicated with cataract undergoing combined glaucoma and cataract surgery.All the eyes were divided into surgical group ( the eyes undergoing operation ) and control group ( the other eyes).The symptoms and signs of dry eye disease, Schirmer's I test, break -up time ( BUT ) , corneal fluorescein staining were tested and marked 1mo after operation.Comparison of the results was made between two groups.?RESULTS:The average intraocular pressure was 16.25± 0.46mmHg at 1mo after operation, compared with 45.29± 4.39mmHg at 3d before surgery, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ).Preoperative average visual acuity was 0.08±0.06, corrected visual acuity was<0.05 in 23 eyes,≥0.05 to<0.1 in 16 eyes,≥0.1 to<0.3 in 36 eyes.Postoperatively 1mo, corrected visual acuity:<0. 05 for 7 eyes (9%),≥0.05 to <0.1 for 11 eyes (15%), ≥0.1 to<0.3 for 38 eyes (51%), ≥0.3 to <0.5 for 11 eyes (15%) , ≥0.5 for 8 eyes (11%), postoperative visual acuity was 0.15 ±0.1, which was significantly higher than before surgeries ( P<0.05).The postoperative dry eye symptoms of surgical group was higher, compared with that of control group, and the differences of diagnosis of dry eye test indicators between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).? CONCLUSION: Combined cataract and glaucoma surgery may affect postoperative ocular surface and tear film function, make the tear film stability damaged and lead to dry eye disease.

Objective To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in elderly men in Beijing.Methods Totally 370 elderly men with an average age of (76.6±9.3) years from the departments of gerontology were included.BMD,echocardiography measurements as well as blood chemistry were analyzed.LVMI was obtained by echocardiography.All the subjects were divided into two groups:non-LVH group (n=231) and LVH group (n =139).Differences in quantitative variables were tested by independent-sample t test.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were performed to identify determinants of LVMI.Results The serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher in LVH group than in non-LVH group [(97.1±43.0) μmol/L,(88.2±21.1) μmol/L (P＜0.05)].Compared with non-LVH group,LVH group showed that the lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4) were significantly lower[L1:(0.90±0.16) g/cm2 vs.(0.95±0.21) g/cm2,P=0.05; L2:(0.95±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.01±0.20) g/cm2,P＜0.01 ; L3:(0.99±0.19) g/cm2 vs.(1.06±0.28) g/cm2,P＜0.01] as well as the lumbar spine totalBMD [(0.97±0.18) g/cm2 vs.(1.03-1-0.26) g/cm2,P＜0.05].The femur BMD was lower in theLVH group than in non-LVH group [trochiter:(0.64±0.11) g/cm2 vs.(0.67±0.17) g/cm2,P＜0.05; inter area:(1.00±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.05±0.22) g/cm2,P＜0.05].Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that BMI (r=0.27,P＜0.01),the lumbar spine BMD (r=-0.20,P＜0.01),age (r=0.16,P＜0.05),serum creatinine (r=0.15,P＜0.05) were independently correlated with LVMI.Conclusions In elderly men in Beijing,the lumbar spine BMD is an independent correlative factor for LVMI.

Objective To understand the distribution of the genotypes of ?-lactamases in Chryseobacterium/Flavobacterium spp.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 43 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum strains,22 Chryseobacterium indologenes strains and 10 Chryseobacterium gleum strains against 15 antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method.3-D test and modified 3-D test were used to identify carbapenamase.2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibitory test was used to confirm metallo-?-lactamases (MBL).Genes of ?-lactamases were amplified with 6 pairs of primers special for Chryseobacterium/Flavobacterium spp.and the amplified genes were sequenced.Results MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of quinolones were lower comparing to other antibiotics.MICs of C.gleum against 15 antibiotics were lower than other Chryseobacterium/Flavobacterium spp.Among 43 C.meningosepticum strains,26 strains (60.5%) produce MBL,but all strains (100%) produced extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs);12 C.indologenes strains (68.8%) produced MBL;6 (60%) C.gleum strains had MBL.Genotypes of MBL in C.meningosepticum strains were Bla-B 1,2,3,5 and 11,and Bla-GOB 2,4,6 and 8,respectively.Only one genotype,namely CME-1,was identified for ESBL in C.meningosepticum.The genotype of MBL in 3 C.indolgenes strains was IND-1,and the 6 C.gleum strains contained CGB genotype.Meanwhile,there were 8 C.indolgenes strains and 3 C.gleum strains were confirmed to produce ?-lactamase,but their genotypes were unable to be detected using the current primers,implying that there were possible novel genotypes.Conclusions Investigation of genotypes distribution of ?-lactamase in Chryseobacterium/ Flavobacterium spp.can provide theoretical evidences and rational in the selection of antibiotics,control of noscomical infection and development of novel antibiotics.

AIM: To discuss the safety of hands chopping phacoemulsification in patients with microcoria cataract.METHODS:Hands chopping phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was used for the microcoria cataract of 30 patients ( 32 eyes ) . Their visual acuity, pupil, and complication were observed in postoperative 1d,1wk and 1mo.
RESULTS: Postoperative naked vision be or more than 0. 3 were in 27 eyes (84. 4%) at one day, be or more than 0. 3 were in 30 eyes (93. 8%) at one week, be or more than 0. 5 were in 28 eyes (87. 5%) at one month. All pupil returned to round or oval. No synechia happened in postoperative 1mo.
CONCLUSION:Hands chopping nucleus operation is safe and effective for uveitis combined with microcoria phacoemulsification.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance and genotype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS), and to study the epidemiology of drug resistance in Staphylococcus. Methods Drug susceptibility tests were performed for 138 Staphylococcus strains clinically isolated, and mecA gene was detected with PCR. For mecA positive strains, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) gene was detected by two multiplex PCR assays. Results Seven (10.8%) out of 65 Staphylococcus aureus strains were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, and 44 (60.3%) out of 73 coagulase negative Staphylococcus strains were methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS)strains. There was statistical significance on the difference of isolation rates (x2 = 37. 05, P ＜0.01). No vancomycin or nitrofurantoin resistant strain was found. There were 52 (52/138, 37.7%) mecA positive strains, including 16 SCCmec type Ⅰ strains, 1 type Ⅱ strain, 13 type Ⅲ strains, 9 type Ⅳ strains and 4 type Ⅴ strains. Conclusions Drug resistance in MRS is increasingly serious. MRCNS strains are more popular than MRSA in clinic, and SCCmec Ⅰ and Ⅲ may account for most infections.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of fenofibrate on TNF-α-induced CD40 expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the effect of fenofibrate on TNF-α-induced CD40 mRNA and cell surface CD40 expression in HUVECs, and gelatin zymography was used to determine the effect of fenofibrate on the gelatinolytic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Results Fenofibrate at the concentrations of5×10-5, 1×10-4 and 2×10-4mol/L significantly reduced TNF-α-induced increment of CD40 mRNA and cell surface CD40 expressions (P＜0.01), with the maximal inhibition achieved at the concentration of 1 × 10-4 mol/L. Fenofibrate at 2× 10-4 mol/L did not further decrease CD40expression induced by TNF-α. Fenofibrate significantly inhibited the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in HUVECs. Conclusion Fenofibrate reduces TNF-α-induced increment of CD40 expression and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in HUVECs.

?AIM:To observe the values and changing rules of angle Kappa in corneal refractive surgery under light and dark conditions.?METHODS:Two hundred and thirty-four eyes of 118 patients for corneal refractive surgery were enrolled for this study.Pupil diameters and angle Kappa values under light and dark conditions were measured by Keratron Scout corneal topography.?RESULTS: There were significant differences in pupil diameters between light and dark conditions (P<0.01). More angle Kappa of both eyes distributed in the superior nasal quadrant under light conditions, and more angle Kappa distributed in the superior temporal quadrant under dark conditions.The differences of horizontal and vertical offsets of angle Kappa under two conditions were statistically significant (P<0.01).?CONCLUSION: The changes of pupil diameters in light and dark conditions could affect angle Kappa and then affect the accuracy of corneal refractive surgery centered on angle Kappa.

ObjectiveTo analyze the differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) and its significance in patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).MethodsTwenty-five patients diagnosed with NEC with Bell stage≥Ⅱ, and 25 non-NEC patients as control group admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between October 2014 and November 2015 were collected. White blood cells were extracted from the peripheral blood. Five samples were selected randomly each from NEC group and control group, and sequenced by second-generation Illumina high-throughput sequencing, screened for differentially expressed miRNA and analyzed for target genes prediction and biological function. The rest samples of the two groups were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology (RT-qPCR), the results were used to validate the results of high-throughput sequencing. Differentially expressed miRNA in the two groups of data was analyzed using DEGseq software.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.P<0.01,q<0.001 and丨Log2 Ratio丨≥1 were taken as criteria for screening the differential expression. The differential expressions of miRNA in NEC group and control group were analyzed by cluster analysis using MeV4.6 software.ResultsA total of 482 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the two groups, with significant difference (P<0.05). Among them, 126 were known miRNAs with significantly differential expression in the two groups, with 58 being up-regulated and 68 being down-regulated. The results of up-regulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-223-5p,-183-3p,-222-5p) and down-regulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-23b-5p,-150-5p,-146a-3p,-1298-5p) were confirmed to be consistent with the results of sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the target genes with differential miRNA expression mainly involved Toll-like receptor signal transduction pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, JAK-STAT and other signal transduction pathways.ConclusionsThere are significantly differential expressions of miRNAs in peripheral white blood cells of NEC neonates. These miRNs may be involved in the occurrence and development of NEC via adjusting different target genes to regulate the signal pathway.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Totally 150 male patient from the Department of Geriatrics in Peking University Hospital were included in this study.Blood pressure,body weight,body height,body mass index (BMI) were measured and calculated.Biochemical analyses including serum fasting levels of insulin(FINS),glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed.Total prostate volume (PV) were measured by ultrasound.Results PV and annual prostate growth rate were more increased in insulin resistance group(40 cases) compared with insulin sensitivity group(110 cases) (t=2.91,3.71 respectively,both P＜0.01).Along with the levels of FINS,HOMA-IR and PSA were increased,the prostate volume was enhanced (t=-3.02,-2.88,-2.84 respectively;all P ＜0.05).PV was positively correlated with insulin resistance,serum fasting insulin and PSA (r=0.16,0.16,0.35;all P＜0.05),while annual prostate growth rate was positively related with insulin resistance,serum fasting insulin,PSA and BMI (r =0.22,0.21,0.24,0.19 ; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Insulin resistance and fasting insulin plays roles in the pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia.