As a non-pungency inhaled agent with less respiratory irritation,sevoflurane has been widely used in various surgeries for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.However,the incidence of pediatric emergence delirium has been significantly increased with sevoflurane general anesthesia which severely disturbs the surgical effect and increases the requirement of medical staff in post anesthesia care unit.This article systematically reviews the research advance in emergence delirium in children with sevoflurane general anesthesia and introduces the reasonable intervention for the improvement of anesthesia quality.

Objective To prepare Mtb8.4 gene vaccine and to study the cellular immune response induced by the vaccine. Methods The gene encoding Mtb8.4 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was amplified by PCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+). C57BL/6N mice were vaccinated three times with Mtb8.4 gene vaccine at 3 weeks interval. Four weeks after the final inoculation, mice were sacrificed to assess cytokine response and CTL induction. Results The IFN-? and IL-2 titers were 787.317?45.586pg/ml and 319.953?57.978pg/ml in Mtb8.4 gene vaccine group, 1 486.540?39.600pg/ml and 767.043?50.269pg/ml in BCG group, respectively. The level of IL-4 in BCG group (90.580?10.998 pg/ml) increased significantly as compared to other groups (P

Objective: The tissue culture of Anemarrhena asphodeloides was preliminarily studied to establish A. asphodeloides regeneration system. Methods: The establishment of A. asphodeloieds sterile system, tiller bud proliferation, tiller callus induction and its re-differentiation as well as transplanting of regenerated plantlets were studied by plant tissue culture and single factor test method. Results: The best disinfection way of A. asphodeloides seeds was firstly dealt with 75% ethanol for 30 s and then dealt with 0. 1% HgCl2 for 15 min; The best medium of bud proliferation for A. asphodeloides tillers was MS+KT 1 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best medium of A. asphodeloides tiller callus induction was MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best medium of A. asphodeloides tillers callus redifferentiation was MS+ KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L; The best rooting medium of A. asphodeloides callus regeneration buds was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best transplanting substrate of A. asphodeloides plantlets was humus soil. Conclusion: The regeneration system of A. asphodeloides is established, which provides a technological basis for factory production of A. asphodeloides plantlets.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion plus acupoint autohemotherapy in treating allergic rhinitis due to lung-spleen qi deficiency.MethodTotally 120 eligible subjects were divided by using the random number table into a comprehensive group, a moxibustion group and a Western medication group. The comprehensive group was intervened by moxibustion plus acupoint autohemotherapy, the moxibustion group was by moxibustion,and the Western medication group was by Loratadine tablets. The acupoint autohemotherapy was give twice a week and the rest treatments were given once a day, 7 das a course, for 4 courses in total. A follow-up study was conducted 3 months later. The clinic efficacy was evaluated before and after intervention, as well as in the follow-up study.ResultThe three groups all achieved significant short-term efficacies after intervention, and the comprehensive group was equivalent to the moxibustion group, bothsuperior to the Western medication group(P<0.05). According to the follow-up study, the long-term efficacies of the comprehensive group and moxibustion group were both significantly higher than that of the Western medication group (P<0.01,P<0.05), and the moxibustion group was superior to the comprehensive group in comparing the long-term efficacy (P<0.01).ConclusionMoxibustion plus acupoint autohemotherapy and dry moxibustion both can produce significant short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacies in treating allergic rhinitis due to lung-spleen qi deficiency. The long-term efficacy of moxibustion is higher than that of moxibustion plus acupoint autohemotherapy in treating allergic rhinitis due to lung-spleen qi deficiency. Acupoint autohemotherapy requires strict aseptic operation, which restricts its application in family healthcare. Long-term use of moxibustion can activate yang qi, and thus plays a role in preventing diseases.

Background and purpose:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) that regulate and control cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival. BAD is the proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that plays an important role in the control of apoptosis especially in tumor cells. However, little is known about the expression of these important proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in relation to tumor pathology.We studied the expression of EGFR, VEGFR, BAD and phospho-BAD in NSCLC cases and correlated with tumor pathology.Methods:Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray (TMA) sections was used to study the expression of EGFR, VEGFR, BAD and phospho-BAD in a series of 51 NSCLC cases (26 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 large cell carcinomas and 1 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma).Results:Overexpression of EGFR and VEGFR was observed in 10 of 51 (20%) and 14 of 51 (27%) cases, respectively. Large cell carcinomas did not demonstrate VEGFR expression (0/8 cases) in contrast to squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in which VEGFR expression was observed in 7 of 16 (44%) and 7 of 26 (27%) cases, respectively. EGFR and VEGFR expression was not statistically correlated with gender, tumor cell differentiation, or pathological aggressiveness (measured by pleural invasion, vascular invasion, lymph node metastatic status, intrapulmonary and brain metastasis). Loss of BAD protein expression was observed in 22 of 51 (43%) cases with significant differences among the subtypes of NSCLC. Loss of BAD protein expression was identified in 10 of 16 (63%) squamous cell carcinomas, 5 of 8 (63%) large cell carcinomas and 7 of 26 (27%) adenocarcinomas, with a P value of 0.04. Overexpression of phospho-BAD was observed in 25 of 51 (49%) cases; 13 of 26 (50%) adenocarcinomas, 8 of 16 (50%) squamous cell carcinomas and 4 of 8 (50%) of large cell carcinomas. Loss of BAD protein expression and overexpression of phospho-BAD was not statistically correlated with pathological aggressiveness by the measures mentioned above.Conclusions:Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is more likely, and large cell carcinoma is least likely to demonstrate increased VEGFR protein expression. Significant loss of BAD protein expression was observed in squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Overexpression of EGFR, VEGFR, phospho-BAD, and loss of BAD expression, did not demonstrate significant correlation with pathological aggressiveness of NSCLC. However, expression of these receptor tyrosine kinases and the mediators directly involved in apoptosis in NSCLC could be used as potential targets for developing a multi targets-oriented therapy in the future.

Objective: In order to find the suitable concentration and combination of plant growth regulators, the effects of plant growth regulators (NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, KT, and PP333) on in vitro induction formation for the plantlet microtuber of Dioscorea bulbifera was studied. Methods: Through plant tissue culture technique, single factor test, and orthogonal test, taking the stems with a bud of D. bulbifera plantlets as explants, the effects of plant growth regulators on the in vitro induction formation for the microtubers of D. bulbifera were investigated. Results: Auxin using alone was conducive to the induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera. The suitable concentration of both NAA and 2, 4-D inducing the microtuber formation was 0.5 mg/L, but the inducing effects of NAA and 2, 4-D had no significant difference. Cytokinin using alone was not conducive to the induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera. The suitable concentration of both KT and 6-BA inducing microtuber formation was 2 mg/L, but the inducing effect of KT is better than that of 6-BA. The combination of auxin, cytokinin, and PP333 could significantly promote the in vitro induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera, the better combination was MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+PP333 0.5 mg/L. Conclusion: Based on these experimental results, the paper selects the suitable concentration of plant growth regulators conducive to the in vitro induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera, which has laid the technical foundation for their in vitro induction formation of microtuber and factory production.

To investigate the influence factors and effects of metal or dissolving microneedles on the formation and healing of skin microchannels, the pencil-shaped or conical stainless steel microneedles with different lengths, tip to tip space and base area, and the pencil-shaped dissolving microneedles with different tip to tip space were used. The microneedles were applied to the skin of epilatory mice and rats, and the effects of various microneedle parameters, application parameters, and animals on the microchannels were explored by the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and methylene blue staining. Visually observe the skin local irritation caused by the microneedles. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experiments Welfare and Ethical Committee of Zhejiang University of Technology. The application time of the microneedle should be maintained at 30 s or more. When the insertion forces were 2, 4, 8 N, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 12.9, 33.0, 40.4 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. When the length of metal microneedle were 400, 600, 800 μm, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 37.1, 40.4, 49.5 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. When the tip to tip space of metal microneedle were 400, 600, 800 μm, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 33.2, 40.4, 55.8 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. When the base area of metal microneedle were 0.16, 0.35, 0.62 cm², and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 35.1, 40.4, 67.1 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The effects of conical and pencil-shaped microneedles are similar. When the tip to tip space of pencil shaped dissolving microneedle were 400, 600, 800 μm, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 49.8, 60.5, 70.5 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The TEWL baseline values of animal skins of different genders and series are different, but the tendency of microchannels formation and closure is similar. Visual inspection revealed that the slight erythema caused by the microneedles subsided within 24 h. Microneedles of different parameters have different effects on microchannels. The microchannels closed within 24 or 48 h, and the skin local irritation caused by microneedle was mild.

As a novel transdermal drug delivery technology of minimally invasive, safe and efficient, microneedles have received increasing attention. The microchannels formation by microneedles onto the skin is a prerequisite and key for microneedles to deliver drugs. However, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation in skin microchannels. This review summarized influencing factors and evaluation methods in microchannels formation and healing by microneedles, including geometric parameters, materials for preparation, drugs, penetration parameters, differences among the skin of subjects, and presence or absence of occlusion. This review provides reference for other scholars to further study the effectiveness and security of microneedle applications.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupuncture along affected meridian on the mem- brane metallo-endopeptidase (MME) gene expression of migraine patients without aura (MO) of Gan-yang hyperactivity syndrome (GYHS).

METHODSTotally 20 MO patients of GYHS were randomly assigned to the acupoint group (acupuncture along affected meridian) and the non-acupoint group, 10 cases in each group. Needling was performed once per day for 10 consecutive days. Gene chip technology was used to obtain two sets of gene expression profiles and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO).

RESULTSIn the acupoint group, MME gene expression decreased after needling (P = 0.0023).That gene was rich in the beta-amyloid metabolic process (P = 3.16E-05) and the peptide metabolic process (P = 0.009612). Its expression was not seen in the non-acupoint group.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of point selection along affected meridian could be achieved possibly by regulating the MME gene expression.

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Endrin ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Humans ; Meridians ; Migraine Disorders ; therapy ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo introduce different surgical treatment for gyncomastia at different grades.

METHODS37 cases with gynecomastia were divided into three grades as: grade I with fat as main tissue, grade II with proliferated fibro-gland as main tissue, grade III with big and ptosis breasts and sagging skin. Different surgical methods were chosen according to the different grades of gyncomastia. These include liposuction, subareolar fibroglandular tissue removing, combined technique of the two methods, and breasts resection with free transplantation of nipple-areola complex.

RESULTSAll patients were satisfied for the appearance of post-operative flat male chest. Complications, such as scar, numbness of nipple and areola were acceptable for them.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent surgical methods should be chosen for the gynecomastia at different grades. It can improve both the physical and psychological problems for patients.

Adolescent ; Gynecomastia ; classification ; surgery ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Nipples ; transplantation ; Retrospective Studies