The theory of Medical Immunology is independent,which includes a lot of new knowledge.Optimizing resource of medical immunology,recombinating knowledge structure,building knowledge framework and leading in PBL(Problem Based Learning) teaching method help to arouse students’studying interest and elevate teaching effect.

Alternaria zinniae was a plant fungal pathogen isolated from a world-wide weed Xanthium occidentale,which could cause some weeds of Asteraceae disease. It was found that the fungus made disease spot on the leaf through producing secondary metabolite—phytotoxin. The toxin-producing capability of the fungus was studied. The optimal cultural conditions for producing phytotoxin were temperature 25℃,pH 6.5,cultured period 9~11d,rotating speed 110r/min,darkness and enough dissolved O_2,crude toxin was obtained through large scale fermentation. Analysis on the influence of time,temperature,lightness for storing on the stability of phytotoxin of Alternaria zinniae showed that the phytotoxin had the potential to develop as a herbicide originating from microorganism.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; complications ; Pharynx ; injuries ; Trachea ; injuries

Child ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics

Objective To investigate the roles of sphingosine kinase (SPK) on the regulation of proliferation, migration and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells. Methods BGC-823 cells were infected with adenoviral carriers bringing the wild type SPK gene and SPK mutant (SPK DN ), and their effect on the migration and 5-FU-induced apoptosis of BGC-823 cells was evaluated. The adenovirus-mediated expression of SPK was detected by Western blot, and cellular SPK enzyme activity was assayed. The cell migration was investigated by Transwell Migration Technology. Results The adenovirus-mediated wild type SPK gene increased the cellular SPK activity, thus leading to enhanced migration and resistance to 5-FU-induced apoptosis of BGC-823 cells. Whereas overexpression of SPK mutant (SPK DN ) decreased the cellular SPK activity, thus inhibited the migration and sensitized BGC-823 to 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Conclusion SPK plays important roles in the regulation of migration and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells, therefore it may be of a new target for tumor treatment.

Objective To summarize the methods of operative treatment for complex proximal humeral fractures and its clinical results. Methods 40 cases with complex proximal humeral fractures underwent operation from December 1999 to February 2002. Of 40 cases, 29 were followed up with a mean of 25 months (11 to 40 months). Using Neer system, Constant-Murley rating system and questionnaire were adopted to classify the fractures and evaluated postoperative functions of the daily life and work. A deltoid-pectoral approach was used in all patients. The surgical neck fractures were fixed with the terminal threaded pin or modified Ender's nail. The tubercle fragments were sutured with non-absorbable Ethibond No.5 or "8" figure tension band wire. Results The average absolute Constant-Murley score was 81.7(54 to 96), the excellent and good rate was 65%(19/29), fair 24%(7/29), and poor 11%(3/29). The average forward elevation was 142.5?(60? to 180?). The average pain VAH score was 12(9 to 15). The humeral head avascular necrosis, detected by the follow-up X-ray film, was diagnosed if the humeral head was completely or partially absorbed or reduced. In three-part fractures, 71% cases were excellent or good results, no poor result, and 17% had humeral head necrosis; in four-part fractures, 58% cases were excellent or good results, 25% poor, and 67% were found with humeral head necrosis. The extent of the humeral head necrosis was one of main causes to the poor function for complex proximal humeral fractures. All of the fractures healed at 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively without delayed union and nonunion. Conclusion For complex proximal humeral fractures, a good clinical result can be obtained on condition of the anatomical reduction of the tubercle fragments, as well as the stable fixation of the surgical neck fracture with appropriate suture materials and proper post-operative rehabilitation. Satisfactory result is possible even while the humeral head avascular necrosis happened.

Objective To explore imaging manifestations and diagnostic value of helical CT in maxillofacial fractures associated with craniocervical junction injury. Methods Helical CT findings of ten cases with maxillofacial fractures involving the craniocervical junction injury were retrospectively analyzed and compared with other imaging techniques. Results There were five cases with both fractures of the maxilla and mandible combined with zygomatic arch fractures, three with mandible fractures combined with dislocation of temporomandibular joint and three with mandible fractures combined with slight and moderate craniocerebral injuries. The combined craniocervical junction injuries included atlantoaxial rotary dislocation in six cases, occipital condyle avulsion fracture in two and occipitocervical subluxation in two. Conclusions Maxillofacial fractures combined with the occipitocervical junction injuries are usually ligament injuries, with radiologic characteristics of avulsion fracture, occipitocervical subluxation and atlantoaxial rotary dislocation. Helical CT is a satisfactory mode for diagnosis of such fractures. More attention should be paid to mark of anatomical relation of craniocervical junction to avoid missed diagnosis.

Objective To explore the biological characteristics and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological features and the results of surgical treatment of 25 cases with anorectal malignant melanoma admitted to the Haicheng Second People′s Hospital and General Hospital of PLA from 1985 to 2005 was made. Results There were 10 males and 15 females with their mean age of 59 years. 21 out of 25 cases underwent surgery. In 18 patients curative resection (Miles operation) was performed. Follow-up study was done in 20 cases for 4 months to 6 years. Five year survival rate of 25 cases was 12%. Five year survival rate of radical operation was 16.7%. Conclusion Anorectal melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor. Prognosis is poor. Regional lymph node metastasis is the major factor in influencing prognosis. Radical operation and lymph nodes eradication are imperative. Early diagnosis and treatment are the key to raise the survival rate.

Computed tomography perfusion imaging can accurately and promptly provide hemodynamic parameters of brain tissues after stroke,and it has a good correlation with the accepted hemodynamic measurement,the parameters got from xenon-computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography.Therefore,CTP has been widely used in predicting the studies of ischemic penumbra after stroke.