Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection(HPLC-UV) method for the determination of midazolam in rat plasma,and to study the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in single dose intravascular administration in rats.These results can provide a methodological reference for evaluating cytochrome P450 3A(CYP3A) activity.Methods Firstly,common carotid artery(CCA) intubate was set in rats,Midazolam was injected into rat vena caudalis and plasma samples were collected in different time.Then,the sample was extracted using dichlormethane and evaporated to dry thoroughly with N2 soft stream at 37 ℃.Finally,the residues were reconstituted with 150 ?L 30 %methanol and further analyzed by HPLC.A Phenomenex C18 column(4.6?150 mm i.d,5 ?m)was employed at 20 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of(A) methanol-acetonitrile-0.03 %phosphate solution(pH 2.85) in the proportion of 5:10:85(V/V/V) and(B) methanol-acetonitrile-0.03 %phosphate solution(pH 2.85) in the proportion of 5:10:85(V/V/V),using a linear gradient elution of 0 %B～100 %B at 0～18 minutes,then retaining for 5 minutes and returning to A.The flow rate was set at 0.5 mL/min and the ultraviolet detector was operated at 240 nm.Results Midazolam and internal standard were isolated on baseline in plasma apart from all other material.The the linear range was from 0.025～2.0 ?g/mL,and the detection limit was 2.5 ng/mL.The standard addition recoveries were from 99.98 %to 105.71 %and the extraction rates were from 91.29 %to 92.58 %.All of the intraday and interday variations were less then 14 %.The primary pharmacokinetics parameters of rat single dose intravascular administration were as follows:t1/2?was 0.582 h,Vd was 0.214 L,Cl was 0.584 L/h and AUC0→t was 0.419 ?g?h-1?mL-1.Conclusion Midazolam single dose intravascular administration has the characteristics of rapid distribution and elimination in blood and quick transport from blood to tissue.The method is sensitive,simple and suitable for the research of pharmacokinetie parameters of midazolam and description of possible pharmacological interactions of rat CYP3A1/2 or human CYP3A4/5 enzymes.

Objective To find out whether Shanghai residents have mastered the knowledge related to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),and how they choose different kind of salt.Methods Residents were selected by stratified random sampling from all 18 districts(counties) of Shanghai in 2010.Simple random sampling was used at the first level; random function was used at the second level to produce the last 4 numbers of a phone number.People who own the number were selected to be called.Results Totally 219 people completed the investigation.49.3％ (108/219) of the residents only selected iodized salt,and 25.6％(56/219) choose non-iodized salt; 6.8％ (15/219) selected both,and 18.3％ (40/219) don't care.About the reason of choosing iodized salt,25.9％ (28/108) thought it can prevent IDD,6.5％ (7/108) thought it's good to children's intelligence.About the reason of choosing non-iodized salt,35.7％ (20/56) thought they were not iodine deficiency,17.9％ (10/56) thought Shanghai was not an IDD epidemic region.Among the 126 people who had heard of iodine deficiency disorders,7.1％ (9/126) believed that iodine deficiency disorders can lead to varying degrees of mental impairment,65.1％ (82/126) thought it can lead to endemic goiter; 45.2％(57/126) thought eating iodized salt and 33.3％ (42/126) thought eating kelp and laver can prevent IDD.58％(127/219) had no idea of IDD and/or its hazards.Conclusions The resident's knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders is not satisfactory.We should make more effort in health education and help people to choose salt reasonably.

Objective To investigate influence of hyperlipidemia in parents on plasma lipid level,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC)of their children.Methods Eighty children whose parents had been with hyperlipidemia(Group A) and 893 children whose parents had been normal plasma lipid levels(Group B) were studied.BMI,systolic pressure(SP),diastolic pressure(DP),WC,plasma triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CH),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c)of two groups were measured and compared.Results The levels of BMI,TG,TCH,LDL-c,SP,and DP had a increasing trend in group A compared to those of group B.HDL-c in group A had a decreasing trend compared to that of group B.But only the increase of BMI is significant(P

20 was lower than those whose BMI≤20(P

Objective To explore the optimal method of extraction and determination of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis. Methods A RP-HPLC was performed on a Phenomenex C18 column (4. 6 mm× 150 mm, 5m) at 30℃. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0. 01 mmol/L triethylamine solution (70: 30, pH 7.0 adjusted by glacial acetic acid) at the flow rate of 0. 5 mL/min. The automatic sample injector was set at 5℃ and the ultraviolet detector was operated at 245 nm. And then, the effect of different extraction condition on the contents of rhynchophylline and isorhyn-ehophylline in Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis was investigated. ResultsA good linearity of rhynchophylline was in the range of 2. 5μg/mL to 80. 0μg/mL (Y=76. 7170X-0. 0727,r=0. 999 8),the average recoveries were from 99. 84 ％ to 116. 91％, and the RSD (n=6) were less than 8.8 ％. A good linearity of isorhynchophylline was in the range of 2. 0 μg/mL to 80. 0 μg/mL (Y=87. 4729X-0. 3666, r=0.999 7), the average recoveries were from 87.08 ％ to 104. 97 ％, and the RSD (n=6) were less than 7.3 ％. The contents of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in the methanol-extracted solu- tion were approximately ten times as much as those in water-decocted solution. The main factors which had effect on the ex-traction of rhynchophyUine and isorhynchophylline in methanol solution were supersonic time,methanol amount and cold-dousing time, in a decreasing sequence. The best condition selected by orthogonal experiment wasb as follows: extracting the medicinal material with 20-fold volumes of methanol, cold maceration for 24h and supersonic extraction for 1 h. Conclusion The extraction percentage of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in the extraction condition of cold maceration with methanol and supersonic extraction is superior to that in the water-decocting condition. The method is simple, fast and accurate, and it can be used for the quality control of Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and prognosis of infants less than three months with kawasaki disease (KD).Methods Clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and follow-up of the infants less than 3 months diagnosed with KD and hospitalized from Jan 2009 to Jan 2012 in Capital Institute of Pediatrics were collected and reviewed.Results Fourteen infants less than 3 months were diagnosed as KD during recent 3 years.Among them 8 cases were diagnosed as typical KD,6 cases as incomplete KD.The infants with KD had clinical features as fever longer than 5 d (14/14),cervical lymphadenopathy (11/14),rash (11/14),extremity changes (9/14),mucositis (10/14),conjunctivitis (5/14).Infants with incomplete KD had fever longer than 5 d (6/6) and extremity changes (4/6),cervical lymphadenopathy (3/6),rash (3/6).But fewer infants (2/6) had extremity changes later than 2 weeks.It was difficult to diagnose atypical KD earlier.More than half (8/14) of all the infants with KD had complications,6/14 had damaged liver function.Nearly all the cases (12/14) received intravenous immunoglobulin 1 g/.(kg·d) within 10 d of presentation.The coronary artery lesion was found in 2 infants during hospitalization.2 cases were found to have CAL during the follow-up after discharge from the hospital.The coronary artery lesion of the 4 infants recovered during follow-up.Conclusion Infants less than 3 months have higher rate of incomplete KD.All infants with KD should be followed-up and monitored for the coronary artery lesion.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in blood protection in liver transplantation.Methods We searched the Cochrane library,MEDLINE,CNKI,VIP,CBM (from inception to May 2017),to collect all the randomized controlled trials of tranexamic acid for liver transplantation.the quality of the included studies was evaluated,and meta-analyses were performed with Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.3 software.Results 1) A total of 8 studies involving 1107 patients were included.the results of meta-analyses showed:Compared with placebo,tranexamic acid was effective in reducing postoperative blood loss [SMD =-1.95,95％ CI (-3.21,-0.69)],P＜0.05],there were statistical heterogeneity between the studies (I2=94％,P＜0.05),2)Tranexamic acid was effective in reducing postoperative transfusion rates of RBC during the operation [SMD=-0.43,95％ CI (-0.74,-0.11)],P＜0.05];however,less effective than the placebo in terms of reducing postoperative FFP and PLT transfusion.Compared with placebo and other antifibrinolitic drugs the bleeding,renal insufficiency,thrombosis,infection,death and the incidence of other adverse events were not increased in tranexamic acid group after surgery.Conclusion Tranexamic acid was a safe and effective antifibrinolitic drug in liver transplantation,for it can reduce the amount of bleeding and red blood cell transfusion,However,due to the limited quality of the included studies,further verification with more high quality trials was needed.

Shuyu Pill is the representative prescription for treating deficiency-essence. This article discussed the consistency of diabetes and deficiency-essence from TCM syndromes and etiology and pathogenesis, and probed into the correlation between Shuyu Pill and diabetic Western medicine of pathomechanism diabetes from the modern pharmacological research on Shuyu Pill. Therefore, it proposed that diabetes has the essence of deficiency-essence;the pathogenesis of diabetes should meet the efficacy of Shuyu Pill; pharmacological effects of Shuyu Pill can affect various pathological mechanism of diabetes, with a purpose to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of diabetes.

Objective To establish a rabbit model of hypospadias finasteride to further stadying molecular mechanisma of hypospadias etiology. Methods forty pregnant new zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Finasteride was fed with 0days(group A), 4 days (group B), 5 days (group C), 6 days (group D), 7 days (group E) which began at GD(gestation days) 19, 10 mg?kg-1?d-1. The appearance of penis and the position of urethras orifice were exmamined to observe hypospadias on postnatal day 35; the second observation was performed to observe retained testicle and the Severity of hypospadias on postnatal day 70, all of the male rabbits were anatomized to observe the development of didymus. Results Hypospadias was seen in group A(0)、group B(22.2%)、group C(95.5%)、group D(85.2%)、group E(100%),and Severity of hypospadias can be divided into 3 degrees. Retained testicle was seen in group A(0)、group B(0)、group C(36.4%)、group D(40.7%)、group E(73.3%). Conclusions The experimental model of hypospadias induced by finasteride is stable.