Objective To review the treatment results of intracytoplasmic injection(ICSI) of epididymal or testicular sperm obtained from 38 obstructive azoospermic patients.Methods Sperm was retrieved by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration(PESA) or testicular sperm extraction(TESE).Intracytoplasmic injection was performed.The rates of fertilization and clinical pregnancy were evaluated.Control group was set up in which intracytoplasmic injection was performed using sperm of ejaculation.Results Forty-one treatment cycles were performed in the 38 obstructive azoospermc patients.The rates of fertilization and clinical pregnancy were 73.3% and 53.6%.Thirty-three treatment cycles were done in the 31 ejaculatory ones.The rates of fertilization and clinical pregnancy were 75.1% and 48.4%.No significant difference was seen between the two groups.In the obstructive azoospermia group,22 clinical pregnancies were achieved including 13 live deliveries and 3 ongoing pregnancies and 6 miscarriages.In the ejaculatory group,16 clinical pregnancies were achieved including 10 live deliveries and 5 ongoing pregnancies and 1 miscarriages.Conclusions ICSI with PESA or TESE is an effective method for treatment of obstructive azoospermic patients.

Objective To explore the correlation between the sperm indicators and early spontaneous abortion after in vitro ferti ‐lization(IVF) .Methods 251 couples receiving IVF ,were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the research group (98 couples) and control group (153 couples) according to whether spontaneous abortion occurring .The male′s indicators of sperm DNA frag‐mentation index (DFI) ,sperm nucleoprotein immaturity rate ,percentage of normally morphologic sperms ,etc .in the two groups were analyzed .Results DFI ,percentage of normally morphologic sperms ,sperm concentration ,motility and forward motile sperm had no statistical differences between the research group and the control group (P> 0 .05) ;while the sperm nucleoprotein immaturi‐ty rate of the research group was significantly higher than that of control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P <0 .05) ;the sperm nucleoprotein immaturity rate had weak correlation with spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy (P < 0 .05) . Conclusion The sperm nucleoprotein dysmaturity is correlated with the spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy .The sperm nucle‐oprotein immaturity rate could be used to evaluate the risk of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy after IVF .