Purpose: Hybrid learning has been chosen as an alternative method in the conduction of clinical skill lectures during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since students need to learn skills applied in emergency situations. This study aims to analyze students’ attitudes between hybrid and online learning methods. Methods: A non-randomized study was conducted between hybrid group (HG) and online group (OG) on three courses (intravenous [IV]-line insertion, nasogastric tube [NGT] insertion, and neonatal resuscitation). We developed a preformed validated questionnaire to assess students’ attitudes in five domains (willingness, understanding, capacity, self-efficacy, and intended behavior). The questionnaire was applied at the pre- and post-intervention. Results: A total of 100 participants were included (n=49 in HG, n=51 in OG). Post-course attitudes were significantly higher in online (IV-line, p=0.000; NGT, p=0.000; resuscitation, p=0.000) and hybrid (IV-line, p=0.000; NGT, p=0.000; resuscitation, p=0.000) groups compared to their pre-course. There were no significant differences in post-course attitude between groups (IV-line, p=0.072; NGT, p=0.163; resuscitation, p=0.146). Normalized-gain scores of all subjects were higher in HG (IV-line, p=0.012; NGT, p=0.085; resuscitation, p=0.033). Conclusion In conclusion, hybrid learning could be considered as a better alternative in clinical skill lectures to maximize students’ attitudes, especially during COVID-19 pandemic.

This research was conducted to examine the effect of cholecalciferol on fasting blood glucose (FBG), adipocyte diameter and glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 expression in adipocytes of diabetic rats. Nineteen male Wistar strain diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups (K, X1, X2 and X3). Cholecalciferol was administered in the amount of 6.25 μg/kg in X1, 12.5 μg/kg in X2 and 25 μg/kg in X3 per orem, once daily for 14 days. Group K received the placebo. There were no significant differences in FBG (p=0.199) and adipocyte diameter (p=0.218) between groups but there were significant differences in the expression of GLUT4 between control and treatment groups. Thus, cholecalciferol can increase GLUT4 expression in adipocyte without altering FBG and adipocyte diameter of diabetic rats.
Cholecalciferol ; Adipocytes