Although the nurse certification system was established by the Japanese Nursing Association in 1994, there are currently no educational institutions in Kagoshima Prefecture for certified nurse specialists (CNS) and certified nurses (CN). The aim of this study was to sound out generalist nurses working in hospitals in Kagoshima Prefecture on CNS and CN educational needs in order to determine methods of supporting those aspirational nurses in the development of their careers. A (self-administered) questionnaire survey was conducted on 1,800 nurses working at 40 hospitals in Kagoshima Prefecture in September 2008. Responses came from 1,258 (69.9%) nurses, of which 999 (79.4%) were valid. Of the respondents, 40.9% indicated they would like to obtain a CNS license, while 56.5% indicated they would like to obtain a CN license. Regarding the CNS license, most respondents wanted to obtain CNS qualification in cancer nursing, followed by acute/critical care nursing. Regarding the CN license, CN qualification in emergency nursing came to the top followed by palliative care nursing. As Kagoshima Prefecture is comprised of remote islands and remote rural areas, it is a disadvatage for many nurses geographically to staisfy their education needs. These results suggest that in order to support nurses' career development, it is necessary to establish an individual consultation system for career development and develop a flexible educational curriculum.

Objective and Methods: A total of 21 published studies on self-management for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) were reviewed to explore the significance and potential of self-management for people with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM). These studies were classified based on three concepts: self-management regimen and preferences, context of self-management, and outcomes of self-management.Results: Self-management regimens for people with MS include medical, role, and emotional management. Moreover, self-management regimens are closely associated with the context of self-management, emphasizing the importance of investigating contextual factors and regimens concurrently. Quality of life (QOL) has been evaluated as an outcome of self-management, and self-management has been shown to have both positive and negative effects on the QOL of people with MS. However, insufficient studies focus on self-management regimens and patient preferences; further investigation is necessary to develop effective self-management interventions that reflect the often unique nature of the disease for each individual. The characteristics of HAM are also unique to individual patients. Therefore, investigation of people with HAM in particular is required.Conclusion: This literature review examined the significance of investigating self-management for people with HAM.

Objective: Pharmaceutical documents such as the common technical document, package inserts (PIs), and interview forms (IFs) are available at the website of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. However, because these documents were created with an emphasis on human readability in paper form, it is difficult to use the information included and interoperate these documents with computers. Using IFs, we will investigate how to structure pharmaceutical documents in the AI era to achieve both human and machine readability.Design/Methods: The IFs of arbitrary selected ten drugs were structured into Resource Description Framework (RDF) according to the Drug Interview Form Description Guidelines 2018 (updated version in 2019). The data were manually extracted from the IFs and entered into a spreadsheet before being converted to RDF by a written script. The PIs were converted to RDF in addition to the IFs. To examine the linkage with external databases, IDs in ChEMBL, which is a manually curated database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties, were embedded in the RDF.Results: We demonstrated that the conversion of IFs and PIs into RDF makes it possible to easily retrieve the corresponding part of the PIs cited in the IFs. Furthermore, we quickly obtained the relevant data from ChEMBL, demonstrating the feasibility of linking IFs with an external database. Our attempt to RDFization of IFs is expected to encourage the development of web applications for healthcare professionals and the development of datasets for AI development.Conclusion: We could easily interoperate IFs with other pharmaceutical documents and an external database by converting IFs into RDF following the description guidelines. However, problems such as how to deal with items that were not described in the description guidelines were indicated. We hope that discussions will grow based on this effort and that related industries will move toward accomplishing effective use of these documents.