Objective To estimate curative effect of reconstruction of rabbit knee joint cartilage defect with the homogeneitic tissue engineered cartilages.Methods The chondrocytes were isolated and collected from articular cartilages of eight New Zealand white rabbits.The tissue engineered cartilages after culturing chondrocytes and atelocollogen for two days.Cartilage defects were created in both keen joint of twenty-six rab- bits.Complexes of chodrocytes and atelocollagen was grafted into the defect of left knee joint at once as experi- mental group,and no implantation were served as control.General and histological examination were respec- tively performed in both group at four weeks and eight weeks after surgery.Results After implantation,the defects were filled with cartilaginous tissue in experiment group,while there were only tissue in control group. Histologically,defective areas were filled with chondrocytes in experiment group,but only fibroblast in control group.Conclusion The implantation of the tissue engineered cartilages contenting with chondrocytes and atelocollogen can effectively improve reconstruction of rabbit knee joint.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF).

METHODSEight cases of SEF were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThere were five males and three females. Clinically, most patients presented as a slowly growing mass. Six tumors were located in the extremities or limb girdles, and two in the trunk. Grossly, most lesions were relatively well-circumscribed with a nodular or lobulated appearance. They ranged from 2.0 to 10.5 cm in size (mean 6 cm). On sectioning, they had a gray-whitish cut surface and were firm in consistency. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of uniformly round or polygonal epithelioid cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor cells were arranged predominantly in single strands or cords and embedded in a heavily hyalinized matrix. In some areas, nests, sheets, acini or alveolar structures were also noted. Nuclei atypia and brisk mitotic activity was not evident. The mitotic count measured less than 1 per 10 high power fields. However in two cases, focal areas exhibited increased cellularity, nuclei atypia and higher mitotic activity, resembling conventional fibrosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong positivity for vimentin and focal or weak positivity for EMA. There was no expression for AE1/AE3, S-100 protein, HMB45, alpha-SMA, MSA, desmin, CD34, bcl-2, CD30 and LCA. Follow-up information in six patients revealed local recurrence in 3 cases and lung metastasis in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSSEF is a rare variant of fibrosarcoma. Despite the relatively bland appearance and low mitotic activity, the tumor is capable of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Thus, it should be considered and treated as a low to intermediate grade sarcoma. SEF needs to be differentiated from a variety of benign or malignant tumors exhibiting epithelioid features and sclerotic stromal response.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Extremities ; Female ; Fibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) seldom occurs in the head or face. This article reported a case that GCTB occurred simultaneously in the temporal bone and mandibular condyle, and analyzed their clinical and pathological features.
Bone Neoplasms ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; pathology ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; Temporal Bone ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of closed abdominal injury in pregnancy women and its treatment.

METHODSThe clinical data of 37 pregnancy patients with closed abdominal injury treated in our hospital from June 1993 to June 2003 were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSAll the 37 patients were treated with operation. Among them 2 early pregnancy patients with intestinal rupture and 1 patient with retroperitoneal hematoma were treated under laparoscope; in other 34 pregnancy patients laparotomy was performed. Of the 34 patients 8 used cesarean section because premature separation of placenta and enlarged womb interrupted the management of intra-abdominal organ injury. In the 37 patients 33 (89.1%) were cured, 4 (10.8%) die, postoperative complication rate was 16.2% (6/37). Two patients (5.4%) suffered from abdominal cavity infection, 3 (8.1%) from pulmonary infection, and 1 (2.7%) had multi-organ failure.

CONCLUSIONSFor pregnancy patients with closed abdominal injury, besides obsteric diseases intra-abdominal injury should be given much attention. Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment can gain the time to save the life of both mother and fetus.

Abdominal Injuries ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To study the relation between the recent active infection with Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus,herpes simplex virns-1,coxsackievirus B Ⅰ-Ⅳ and the relapse of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR MS). Methods Using ELISA method,IgM antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus,eytomegalovirus,herpes simplex rims-1,coxsackievirus B Ⅰ-Ⅳ in the plasma from 34 RR MS patients and 200 normal controls were detected. The rates of recent active infection with the above mentioned viruses of the patients and controls were compared. For patients group,comparison was also made between the clinical data of recent active infected patients and patients without recent active infection. Results There was no statistically significant difference in positive rates of positive rates of IgM antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus,herpes simplex virus-1 and eoxsackievirus B Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ or Ⅵ between the two groups. While there was statistically significant difference in positive rates of IgM antibodies to coxsackievirus B Ⅵ and Ⅴ in the RR MS patients and those in the controls (being 3/34 and 0/200 P < 0.05;2/34 and 0/200 P < 0.05,respectively). In the patient group,when patients who had active infection with any of the viruses were compared with those who had no active infection,no significant difference between them was found in terms of age,course,frequency,body temperature on admission,differential leukocyte count (neutrophilic granulocyte,lymphocyte and monocytes),use of glucocorticoids,and EDSS point value. Conclusions There is a high rate of recent active infection with coxsackievirus B Ⅵ and Ⅴ in RR MS patients at relapsing stage. While the recent virus active infection is unrelated to the severity of the symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depression,anxiety and suicide behavior in patients suffering from tuberculosis in Hangzhou and to explore their relationship with medication adherence. Methods Demographic characteristics,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),the center for epidemiological studies -depression (CESD),social support rating scale (SSRS),suicide behavior information and the morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS)were investigated in 973 tuberculosis patients who were selected by systematic random sampling.Results The means of SAS and CESD were 39.71 ±8.30 and 14.16 ±10.77 respectively,which were both higher than the norms(P<0.01).Totally 102 (10.48%)patients had anxiety and 333 (34.22%)were depressed.Out of 973 patients,60 (6.17%)reported suicide ideation after tuberculosis diagnosis.The prevalence of non -adherence was 20.55%,which was defined with MMAS score above one and more.The non -adherence group had higher anxiety,depression and suicide ideation prevalence than the adherence group (15.50%vs.9.18%,46.50%vs.30.66%,11.00%vs.4.92%respectively,P<0.01).The mean score of SSRS,subjective support,objective support and utilization of support in the non-adherence group were 30.71 ±5.15,4.61 ±2.07,19.74 ±4.55 and 6.34 ±1.93 respectively,which were 34.06 ±7.39,6.62 ± 2.27,20.67 ±5.27 and 6.77 ±2.23 in the adherence group respectively.SSRS and its three dimension scores were significantly lower in the non-adherence group than that in the adherence group (P<0.01).Conclusion These findings show a quite serious situation of psychological problems of tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou and suggest psychological intervention should be included in adherence intervention.

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate whether murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is able to exacerbate the atherosclerotic process in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice,and the effect of fluvastatin on the atherogenesis. Methods The apoE -/- mice kept on a west diet were given low dosage of MCMV. At 14,18 and 24 weeks post infection, AS lesion were measured on aorta. The fluvastatin was administered,and AS lesion were measured accordingly above. Results We observed that in the chronic phase of the infection, AS lesion area was significantly increased. MCMV gB mRNA was not amplified by real-time PCR from the arterial wall. The IgG antibody level of MCMV in blood plasma and the content of virus DNA in salivary gland were not correlated with AS lesions. After the administration of fluvastatin, there was no significant difference of AS lesions between MCMV infected group and mockinfected group. Conclusion MCMV may aggravate the AS lesion in apoE -/- mice in the chronic phase of infection, and promote more severe type of AS lesions. But it might not be the direct effects of mechanism of MCMV on the local lesion of AS. Fluvastatin could meliorate the progression of AS after MCMV infection,but this was not accomplished by decreasing MCMV duplication.

To investigate genetic mechanisms of high altitude adaptations of native mammals on the Tibetan Plateau, we compared mitochondrial sequences of the endangered Pantholops hodgsonii with its lowland distant relatives Ovis aries and Capra hircus, as well as other mammals. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. hodgsonii (16,498 bp) revealed a similar gene order as of other mammals. Because of tandem duplications, the control region of P. hodgsonii mitochondrial genome is shorter than those of O. aries and C. hircus, but longer than those of Bos species. Phylogenetic analysis based on alignments of the entire cytochrome b genes suggested that P. hodgsonii is more closely related to O. aries and C. hircus, rather than to species of the Antilopinae subfamily. The estimated divergence time between P.hodgsonii and O. aries is about 2.25 million years ago. Further analysis on natural selection indicated that the COXI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) gene was under positive selection in P. hodgsonii and Bos grunniens. Considering the same climates and environments shared by these two mammalian species, we proposed that the mitochondrial COXI gene is probably relevant for these native mammals to adapt the high altitude environment unique to the Tibetan Plateau.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the role of death receptor apoptotic pathway in a rat model of coronary microembolization (CME).Methods Adult rats were randomized to coronary microembolization (CME group,n = 63) or sham-operated group (S group,n = 55).CME model was established by aortic injection of 0.1 ml microspheres(42 μm,3×10~4/ml)into the left ventricle when the ascending aorta was temporarily clamped.S group received 0.1 ml saline injection and survived rats were randomly examined at 0,3,6,12 and 24 hour post CME (n = 10 each).Heart function was evaluated by echocardiography.Myoeardium sample was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid to detect infarct areas.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining.The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was measured by Western blot analysis.Results Compared with S group,the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was significantly increased in CME group (all P＜0.05) except 0 hour CME group.The infarct sizes were similar in 3 hour,6 hour,12 hour,and 24 hour CME groups (P＞0.05).The apoptosis index (AI) in CME group were significantly higher at each time point compared to S group (P ＜0.05) except 0 hour CME group and peaked at 6 hours.Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were found mainly in the myocardial microinfarcted area and border zones.The relative expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in CME group were both significantly increased at 3 hours and peaked at 6 hour post CME (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was significantly increased after coronary microembolization via activating death receptor apoptotic pathway in this coronary microembolization model.

OBJECTIVETo explore the symptomatic criteria for diagnosis in children with functional constipation(FC) in North China.

METHODSA screening program for FC in children was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms using Rome III( criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of city, region and school or kindergarten. Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All the subjects were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teacher. The screening program was carried out immediately after a plot survey. A total of 20,000 questionnaires were distributed and 19,638 retrieved. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who fulfilled the criteria were further selected to undergo detail clinical examinations in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyogram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. A detailed questionnaire was filled in with the assistance from a trained doctor or a medical student. Potential risk factors and the relative symptoms were explored by comparing frequencies between FC group and non-FC group using χ2 and Logistic analysis.

RESULTSEighteen symptoms (defecation less than 3 times per week, dry hard sausage-shape stool, difficulty in defecation, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, etc) could exist in control group, but FC group had a higher frequency. The difference was statistically significant. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that defecation less than 3 times per week, hard sausage-shape feces, difficulty in defecation, and the need for laxative were associated with FC. The absence of other symptoms had no influence on diagnosis of FC. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of symptomatic standard diagnostic test based on Rome III( criteria in FC children showed that ≥2 items had the best diagnostic accuracy but moderate sensitivity and specificity.

CONCLUSIONThe symptomatic criteria for FC diagnosis in children are suggested as follows: (1) defecation frequency less than 3 times per week; (2) dry, hard, sausage-shape stool in most defecation; (3) difficulty in most defecation; (4) use of medication or digital evacuation. FC can be considered when 2 of the above 4 criteria are met and the symptoms last at least 2 months.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Constipation ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires