The relationship of interleukin-4 (IL-4) C-33T and C-590T (C-589T) gene polymorphisms with allergic rhinitis was analyzed. Data about the case control studies of IL-4 gene promoter polymorphisms [C-33T and C-590T (C-589T)] and their association with allergic diseases and correlation between serum IL-4 levels and allergic rhinitis were retrieved. The Stata 12.0 statistical software was applied to analyze the correlation between IL-4 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis. The meta-analysis result of TT/CC genotype of -590 (-589) polymorphism showed a significant association with allergic diseases [OR=1.93, 95% CI (1.61-2.31), P=0.00]. Meta-analysis of the TT+TC versus CC genotype of IL-4 C-33/T polymorphism revealed significant associations with allergic diseases [OR=3.23, 95% CI (1.13-9.25), P=0.03]. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between serum IL-4 levels and allergic rhinitis [OR=2.52, 95% CI=(1.80-3.23), P=0.00]. IL-4 gene -590 TT genotype may increase the risk of allergic rhinitis and the T allele mutation of -33 might be correlated with allergic rhinitis.
Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; genetics ; Risk Factors

H1-antihistamines have been prescribed widely for the treatment of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria besides common colds since the 1940s. H1-antihistamines are classified by chemical structures (akylamine, piperazine, piperidine, ethanolamine, ethylendiamine, and phenothiazine) or functionally by permeability through blood brain barrier (first or second generation). The first generation antihistamines have been prescribed up to now with several adverse effects such as central nervous system dysfunction, anticholinergic and antiserotonic action and cardiotoxicity with overdose. Hence second generation antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Physicians should consider concomitant diseases or medications when prescribing first generation antihistamines.
Blood-Brain Barrier ; Central Nervous System ; Common Cold ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Ethanolamine ; Histamine Antagonists ; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating ; Permeability ; Piperazines ; Piperidines ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Urticaria

PURPOSE: Atopy is an important cause of asthma. Few data on the prevalence of atopy or comparisons with clinical characteristics of asthma in Korean patients have been published. We evaluated the effects of atopy on clinical profiles and airway inflammation in Korean asthmatics. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 1,492 asthmatics from the Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma in Korea (COREA) cohort who had undergone skin prick tests for aeroallergens. The patients' clinical characteristics, lung function, PC20, and sputum and blood inflammatory cell counts were compared based on the presence or absence of atopy. Atopy was defined as one or more positive reactions (A/H ratio >1) on a skin prick test. RESULTS: Among 11 aeroallergens, house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were the most prevalent cause of a positive skin prick test. As compared with non-atopic asthmatics, atopic asthmatics showed early onset of the disease. Atopic patients with asthma had a higher FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC as compared with non-atopic patients with asthma. In addition, asthmatics without atopy had more uncontrolled asthma (P=0.001) and severe rhinitis (P<0.05) as compared with atopic asthmatics. Smoking, as measured in pack years, was higher in the non-atopic asthmatics than in the atopic asthmatics. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher in non-atopic asthmatics than in the atopic asthmatics and patients with non-atopic asthma had a higher sputum neutrophil count than did those with atopic asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that atopic asthmatics had an early onset of disease and high IgE levels, while the non-atopic asthmatics had decreased lung function and a high sputum neutrophil count, suggesting that a different approach is needed to treat atopic asthma.
Adult ; Allergens ; Asthma ; Blood Sedimentation ; Cell Count ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Lung ; Neutrophils ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Skin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sputum

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on immune factor IL-4, TNF-alpha in patients with allergic rhinitis, which provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Thirty-two allergic rhinitis patients were selected and divided into a control group (14 people) and the experimental group (18 people). During the treatment, both groups receive conventional symptomatic treatment. Meanwhile, aerobic exercise therapy is applied to the experimental group for 40 - 60 minutes a day, 3 - 4 days a week. Serum IL-4, TNF-alpha and allergic rhinitis symptoms graded scoring were tested before and after 6 month therapy. RESULT: After six months of exercise intervention, the 11-4, and TNF-alpha levels of experimental group were significantly lower than the level of control group. The symptoms score is also significantly decreased in experimental group. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise had good therapeutic effect in patients with allergic rhinitis. The mechanism may be that aerobic exercise can reduce the level of IL-4 and TNF-alpha, which can relieve infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe changes of serum Th1/Th2 cytokines and IgE of rats with experimental allergic rhinitis (AR) treating with Scoparone (20 ml/kg, the concentration is 168 mg/L). METHOD: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups : group NC, group AR, group Sco, group Dxm. The rats were sensitized with OVA and were then treated with Scoparone, during the treatment, the behaviors were observed and the change in nasal mucosa were recorded. The level of serum cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5 and IgE were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The behavior scores of group Sco were significantly lower than those of group AR, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Comparing to group Dxm and group NC respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The nasal inflammation of group Sco was significantly less than that of group AR. The level of serum IFN-gamma of group Sco was significantly higher than that of group AR, while the levels of serum IgE, IL4, IL-5 of group Sco were significantly lower (P < 0.01). There were no significantly difference between group Sco and group NC, group Dxm, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Scoparone is highly effective in treating allergic rhinitis by regulating the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines and IgE.
Animals ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Interleukin-5 ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Th1-Th2 Balance ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of serum specific IgE and skin prick test in allergic rhinitis patients sensitive to dust mite and the difference between the results. METHOD: Data of 349 allergic rhinitis patients who had positive result in either Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p) or Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) by serum specific IgE and skin prick test were statistically analyzed. RESULT: Grades of Skin prick test and specific IgE levels were notably relevant in these two dust mites(Der p r= 0. 568, Der f r= 0. 506, P<0. 01). There was significant difference of positive rates between serum specific IgE and skin prick test in Der p(Chi2 = 11. 605, P<0. 01)but not in Der f(Chi2 =0, P>0.05). There was no correlation between positive degree of two methods and score of clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION Serum specific IgE and skin prick test were notably relevant in allergic rhinitis patients sensitive to dust mites. The positive rates of the two methods were different due to different allergen. Therefore, they could not substitute for each other. The level of serum specific IgE and positive degree of skin prick test could not reflect the degree of symptom in allergic rhinitis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and the transformation of IFN-gamma, IL-4, total IgE and specific IgE before and after specific immune therapy(SIT) in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: The subjective symptom and levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, total IgE and specific IgE were observed in 40 patients with allergic rhinitis before and after SIT. RESULT: Total effective rate in patients after SIT was 85%. There's no significant difference between the levels of specific IgE before and after SIT(P>0.05) ,while the levels of IL-4 and total IgE were significantly lower, the levels of IFN-gamma were significantly higher pre than that of post SIT. CONCLUSION SIT is safe and effective,and can regulate the levels of IFN-gamma, IgE and IL-4. But the role of specific IgE in SIT is still unknown.
Adult ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; immunology ; therapy ; Serum ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of sinomenine in treatment of allergic rhinitis mice model and its possible mechanism. METHOD: We used ovalbumin (OVA) to make allergic rhinitis model of BALB/c mice. Saline was used in the control group. When we challenged the mice with OVA intranasally, the mice in sinomenine treatment group were feed by the food containing sinomenine. Mice were then killed 24 h after the last OVA challenge. The noses of mice from each group were removed en bloc and fixed, then each section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ELISA assay was used to measure the concentration of anti-OVA IgE, IL-4 and IFN-gamma. The proteins expressive level of T-bet and GATA3 were examined. RESULT: Nasal mucosa of the mice in sinomenine treatment group were not hyperplasia and without obvious infiltration of eosinophils. The concentration of anti-OVA IgE, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the serum and T-bet and GATA3 expression levels of sinomenine treatment group were lower than those of allergic rhinitis group. CONCLUSION The sinomenine can be used to treat allergic rhinitis mice, and the mechanism may rely on the improvements of the Th1/Th2 imbalance.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Eosinophils ; metabolism ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Morphinans ; therapeutic use ; Nasal Mucosa ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; drug therapy ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; Th2 Cells

OBJECTIVE: Exploring the relationship between total and specific IgE in serum and allergen skin test of carvota mitis pollen-induced allergic rhinitis patients. METHOD: Four hundred and-twenty-nine carvota mitis pollen-induced allergic rhinitis patients and 243 healthy control subjects were recruited. The experimental group carried out skin tests. and pollen-specific IgE were also examined by BSA-ELISA method. Total IgE in serum of all of the subjects were determined by ELISA. RESULT: The positive rate of the total IgE level of the patients were much higher than those of the controls (66.2% vs. 15.6%, P < 0.01). No statistically significance was found between the positivity of skin test and serum specific IgE of the experimental group (chi2 = 0.758 8, P > 0.05). The difference between serum-specific IgE and total IgE was statistically significant (chi2 = 50.639, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance of specific IgE and the total IgE in serum between long term residents in Haikou and Hainan Tourisms (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Allergen skin test and carvota mitis pollen-specific IgE are two effective methods for the diagnosis of carvota mitis pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. The detection of total IgE in serum of carvota mitis pollen-induced allergic rhinitis provides a reference value for diagnosis. The relationship between concentration of IgE in serum of the carvota mitis pollen-induced allergic rhinitis and allergen contact duration is waiting for further study.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pollen ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum specific immunoglobin E(sIgE) and skin prick test(SPT) and their differences of the positive rate. METHOD: One hundred and nine patients with allergic rhinitis were detected the serum slgE. The patients had positive symptoms and signs, positive SPT results with at least one allergen. RESULT: Specific IgE and SPT results of Dp,Df and Artemisia showed a positive correlation (r = 0.520, 0.4413, 0.764, P < 0.01). sIgE positive rates were 55.0%, 54.1% and 17.4% for Dp, Df and Artemisia respectively, whereas SPT positive rates were 68.8%,79.8% and 27.5% respectively. The difference between the positive rates of the sIgE and SPT was significant (chi2 = 27.93,18. 20,60. 60, are P< 0.01). CONCLUSION There was a good correlation between specific IgE and SPT. SPT is more sensitive than sIgE, but SPT can not substitute for slgE,vice versa.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Artemisia ; Child ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult