1,000 households (25.75%) were selected randomly from 3,883 households, included 6,125 persons in Co Nhue Commune, Tu Liem district, Ha Noi City from January to March, 1998. It is found that the medications were mainly required for common cold, fever, cough and fatigue. The drug consumers were involved in every age groups, in which the drug consumption was higher in under-5-year children due to the rate of illness was higher in this age group. The drugs have been used unsafe and inappropriately. Antibiotic overuse was 68.04%. 10.28% of illness persons have used corticoids, while a few persons used traditional medication, pain killers and antipyretics for illness.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Residence Characteristics

A study on buying drug of consumers at 30 randomly selected public and private drug outlets in Hue City had been conducted from February 1997 to May 1997. Results showed: 70.5% of consumers bought without prescription, in which 10% with at least one injection, 43.7% with antibiotics. 29.5% of consumers bought drugs with prescriptions, in which 55.0% with antibiotics, including 21.2% with at least two antibiotics. The average number and value of drug per prescription is 3.2 and about 4 USD, respectively. 36.1% drug are prescribed under generic names and 64.5% are in Essential drug list. Some recommendations had been cited.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Residence Characteristics

Based on the survey of the essential drug management at 26 communal health stations (CHSs) in Ba BÓ district, B¾c C¹n province, the authors showed that all the health stations have applied correctly the rule for managing almost of listed drugs. Type and quantity of the essential drugs at the communal health stations have been insufficient to meet the people’s needs. There is only about 20% of drugs that listed in the third essential drug list of ViÖt Nam Ministry of Health). Rate of infectious drugs is highest. Amount of drug that supplied by CHSs occupies only 49% of total drug supply. Only 11.53% of CHSs have the pharmacist. Only 11% of health workers were received training in pharmaceutical management. 93% of the health workers have trouble in drug prescribing and advising because the lack of knowledge on drug classes or new drugs. The rate of using herbal to treat patients at the commune stations remained to be low (7.7%). The authors called for some measures to improve the essential drug use and management at communal level
Drugs, Essential ; Residence Characteristics

A survey has been carried out at 36 communes from 9 provinces represented for the whole country from January to March 1996 in order to evaluate the drug sale, the drug management in commune health stations and in private pharmacies. The results indicate that there are also many limitations and weaknesses in performance of certain regulations of MOH. The authors have proposed some procedures to improve these limitations.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Residence Characteristics

This study was carried out in 61 commune health stations (CHS) in Long An. 47% of CHS got an average of less than 5 patients/day, 18% of CHSs did not provide delivery service. Around 80% CHS having more than 10 delivery cases/month were CHS in remote areas. Essential drug list was found in only 20% of CHS. There was an abuse of antibiotic and corticoids. Around 28% of CHSs had problems with water supply, sanitation medical garbage. Most CHS were overloaded with report forms and books.
Health ; Residence Characteristics

This paper introduced the achievement and shortcomings of the people health protection and care of the health sector as well as challenges of these activities in the whole country and the mountain, deep and remote areas. The paper also presented the strategy of the health protection and care for people in the mountain, deep and remote areas during 2001-2010 including point of view, objectives, and major solutions.
Health ; Residence Characteristics

A KAP survey on dengue fever control among the residents of Vientiane was carried out in 1995. 821 people were interviewed through a structure from with 8 questionnaires related to the knowledge on dengue fever control. The results showed that 18% of the people still never heard about dengue, 40% do not know any symptoms of DF/DHF, 30% of them do not know how to do when their children got dengue disease. 11% of them still rely on health workers for dengue fever prevention. 30% of them do not know who should be responsible for dengue fever control. 45% of them do not know what to do in terms of dengue fever prevention. This situation, finally lead to the occurrence of dengue fever outbreak in Vientiane from 1995 to 1997
Dengue ; Residence Characteristics

Background: Immersion programs under the Community Health and Development Program (CHDP) of the University of the Philippines involved students living in a foster home. The experiences of foster families are valuable in improving the community immersion program. Objective: To determine the perceptions and satisfaction of foster families in hosting students of the University of the Philippines rotating in the five select municipalities of Cavite Methods: This was a cross sectional study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire. Data collection was done by a research assistant who was not involved with the students rotation Results: A total of 90 foster parents who hosted 430 students in three consecutive years were included. In general, there was favorable perception towards hosting students with a mean score of 8.47 (SD± 1.37). The lowest scores were reported by 13 families (14%) at a score of 6/10. The weekly monetary contributions, free consultations, monitoring of health conditions, acquiring additional knowledge about health prevention and if needed, an easy referral to Philippine General Hospital were some of the reported benefits. On the other hand, poor socialization, negative attitudes, non-performance of household chores and lack of privacy were the disadvantages expressed by families Conclusion Foster families were generally happy and satisfied however there were mixed positive and negative perceptions in hosting UP students rotating in the community
Residence Characteristics ; Students

BACKGROUND

LGBTQ+ populations worldwide bear a disproportionate burden of health disparities aggravated by stigma and discrimination in healthcare. This struggle is worsened in the Philippines due to systemic barriers, outdated medical curricula, and the pervasive stigma in society, making it harder for LGBTQ+ individuals to access healthcare.

A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach using the photovoice method was used to describe and co-construct perspectives from LGBTQ+ individuals related to healthcare access in the Philippine healthcare system. The LGBTQ+ participants who resided in Metro Manila were asked to capture photographs representing their healthcare experiences. Focused group discussions (FGD) were then utilized as a platform for collective discussions and interpretations of these photos, enabling the participants to voice their stories and views about healthcare access.

The results are represented in seven photographs, symbolizing seven key themes that are illustrative of the importance of narrating LGBTQ+ stories in healthcare, solidarity among the community for better access, the urgent need for a call to make healthcare spaces inclusive, navigation through intersecting identities, interaction between healthcare professionals and LGBTQ+ individuals, the call for systemic change to be fitted to the needs of LGBTQ+ people, and diverse healthcare challenges among transgender people.

The findings point to the strong call for systemic reforms in the Philippine healthcare system to better support the needs of LGBTQ+ people. This study highly recommends that lived experiences should be included in health practices and policies as a basis for inclusivity and equity.

Human ; Residence Characteristics ; Community