The obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is considered as a complex genetic disorder with high mor- bidity and mortality.More and more evidence indicate that it has familial aggregation and genetic predisposition.Some gene phenotypes related to upper airway anomalies,abnormal breathing control,obesity,hypertension and insulin resistance might act to increase suscepti- bility to OSAHS.This article reviews current knowledge about a genetic approach to the causes and risk factors for sleep apnea.

This study is to explore the amelioration of piperine on chronic acute combining stress rat with depression-like behavior, visceral sensitivity, and its effect on the expression of serotonin (5-HT) and synaptophysin. Forty two SD rats were divided into seven groups: blank group, model group, piperine (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mgkg-1, ig) and imipramine (10 mgkg-1, ip) groups. The rat model of irritable bowel syndrome was established by chronic acute combining stress, and then to evaluate depression-like behavior and visceral sensitivity. The expressions of 5-HT and synaptophysin in the hippocampus and colon were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Western blotting, respectively. The duration of immobility of IBS rat in the forced swimming test had been significantly increased, the sucrose consumption of IBS rat had been reduced and visceral sensitivity was obviously elevated in the IBS model group as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with those in the normal control group, the expression of 5-HT significantly decreased, 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio significantly increased in the hippocampus of IBS model group (P<0.05), but opposite presentations were noted in the colon (P<0.05). As compared with that in the normal control group, the synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus decreased significantly but obviously increased in the colon (P<0.05). Piperine improved the behavior of IBS rats, and reversed the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, and 5-HIAA/5-HT proportion in the hippocampus and colon (P<0.05); besides, they significantly reverse the synaptophysin level in the hippocampus and colon (P<0.05). The presence of depression and visceral sensitivity had been changed in IBS rats, with abnormal expression of 5-HT and synaptophysin in the brain-gut system. Piperine can ameliorate the changes of the behavior and regulation of serotonin and synaptophysin expression in IBS rat model.

Objective To study the long-term efficacy of splenectomy for patients with advanced shistosomiasis japonica.Methods Levels of WBC,RBC,PLT,EOS,ALT,ALP,GGT,A,TB,HA,LN,Ⅳ-C,PCⅢ,IGG,IGA,C3,C4,CD3,CD4,CD8,CD19 in periphetral venous blood were determined in 239 patients with advanced shistosomiasis.Meanwhile,the liver,gallbladder and spleen were examined with ultrasonography.Results The levels of WBC,PLT,EOS,ALT,ALP,IGG,IGA,LN,Ⅳ-C,CD19 increased in splenectomy group,the levels of A,TB,CD3,CD4,C3,C4 decreased in splenectomy group,while RBC,HA,PCⅢ,CD8 were not changed.Conclusion Splenectomy is a danger to hepatic function.Humoral immunity increases while cellular immunity decreases in splenectomy group.Splenectomy may aggravate the hepatic fibrosis in patients with advanced shistosomiasis.

Objective To study the uncertainty and traceability of HBV DNA assays and discuss the comparability of results among different detection systems. Methods Different detecting systems were used to detect HBV DNA using the national standard substance as "quality control substance". The uncertainty of the results was evaluated referring "Guidelines for estimating and reporting measurement uncerTAinty of chemical test results" of NATA The results were traced back to the national standard substance. According to the CLSI document EP9-A2, the results were analyzed and subjected to bias estimation with the t(0.05sv) √u2b1+ u2b2 as the criterion clinically accepted to investigate the comparability of different detecting systems. Results The means (-y) measured by 3 HBV DNA assay systems were 6.15,5.88,and 6.31 lg(kIU/L) respectively. Except system A,both the biases of system B and C had statistical significance (all P ＜ 0. 05) and expanded uncertainty of three detection systems was varied, but the difference was within the maximum acceptable range (± 0. 5) of the external quality assessment by National Center for Clinical Laboratory. Being traceable to national standard substance, the results of HBV DNA of the three detecting systems were (5.45 ± 1.23), (5.55 ± 1.32) and (5.42 ± 1.25) lg(kIU/L), respectively.There was significant difference among three systems (F = 5.63, P ＜ 0. 05). Comparing system A and B,there was significant difference in statistic (q = 5. 12, P ＜ 0. 05) and the difference between system B and C also had statistically significant (q = 6. 85, P ＜ 0. 05), but the results between system A and C had no statistical difference (q = 1.85,P ＞ 0. 05). Among these three systems, the difference of any two detection systems had no statistical significance (all P ＞ 0. 05). It showed that system bias was acceptable in clinical application and the results between different systems were comparable. Conclusions It is necessary to estimate the uncertainty and traceability when comparing the HBV DNA assay among the different labs. It also needs to estimate the bias of different systems and evaluate the clinical acceptability to ensure the accuracy and comparability of the results.

Objective To observe the expressions of serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)- Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 3, 5 and to explore the clinical significances in patients with clear cell carcinoma of kidney. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were adopted to examine serum expressions of IGF-Ⅰ , Ⅱ and IGFBP 3, 5 in 40 cases with clear cell carcinoma of kidney (renal carcinoma group) and 16 cases with hydronephrosis (control group) from May 2007 to December 2009. Results IGF- Ⅰ , Ⅱ and IGFBP 3,5 in renal carcinoma showed higher expressions before operation (985. 7 μg/L, 1154.0 μg/L,46.6 μg/L and 9.6 μg/L, respectively)than after operation (431.4 μg/L, 632.6 μg/L, 26.7 μg/L, and 6.7 μg/L, respectively, all P＜0. 05 ～0.01). There were no significant differences in those indexes between pre- and post- operation in control group (P＞ 0. 05). Conclusions There are high expressions of serum IGF-Ⅰ , Ⅱ and IGFBP 3, 5 in renal carcinoma patients, and IGF- Ⅱ has clinical significance in diagnosis.