Objective To elevate the diagnosis value of spiral CT in blunt duodenum trauma. Methods 9 cases of blunt duodenum trauma proved by operation or clinical were analysed retrospectively. Results 9 cases of blunt duodenum trauma were all diagnosed accurately before operation. The main CT signs were duodenal wall thick- ening; duodenal wall hematoma; free retroperitonea air; free retroperitouea fluid and retoperitonea hematoma. Conclu- sion Spiral CT scan have important clinical value in diagnosis of blunt duodenum trauma.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the polio immunity level of persistent population in Beijing, 2012.

METHODSA total of 1 676 subjects residing more than 6 months in Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling design in 2012. Demographic characteristics, history of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunization were investigated by questionnaire. All 5 ml blood sample were collected for testing of polio neutralizing antibody using the method of microcell neutralization. The positive rate and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of polio neutralizing antibody type I, II and III were analyzed in different groups.

RESULTSThe positive rate of type I, II and III were 98.2% (1 645/1 676), 98.1% (1 644/1 676), 97.6% (1 635/1 676); The GMT were 1:130.2, 1: 113.4 and 1: 79.7. Three types of positive rates in<15 years group (99.7% (664/666), 99.8% (665/666), 99.5% (663/666)) were higher than those of ≥ 15 years group (97.1% (981/1 010), 96.9% (979/1 010), 96.2% (972/1 010)), the differences were significant (all the values of P < 0.01); The GMT in<15 years group (1:325.9, 1:250.5, 1:190.7) were higher than that of ≥ 15 years group (1: 71.1, 1: 67.2, 1: 44.8), the difference was significant (all the values of P < 0.01). The positive rate (99.0%-100%) and GMT (1: 128.8-1: 300.7) in vaccination information confirmed population were higher. The highest positive rate (all were 100%) and GMT(1: 409.7-1: 636.7) were observed in children who vaccinated three times.

CONCLUSIONThe polio antibody of healthy population was at a high level in Beijing in 2012; Especially the age groups of < 15 years which were covered by vaccines.Immunization barrier had been formed firmly to interrupt the transmission of wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Adaptive Immunity ; Adolescent ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Child ; Humans ; Poliomyelitis ; Poliovirus ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To analyze the polio immunity level of persistent population in Beijing , 2012.Methods A total of 1 676 subjects residing more than 6 months in Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling design in 2012.Demographic characteristics , history of oral poliovirus vaccine ( OPV) immunization were investigated by questionnaire.All 5 ml blood sample were collected for testing of polio neutralizing antibody using the method of microcell neutralization.The positive rate and the geometric mean titer ( GMT ) of polio neutralizing antibody type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were analyzed in different groups.Results The positive rate of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 98.2%( 1 645/1 676 ) , 98.1%( 1 644/1 676),97.6%(1 635/1 676);The GMT were 1∶130.2,1∶113.4 and 1∶79.7.Three types of positive rates in<15 years group(99.7%(664/666),99.8%(665/666),99.5%(663/666)) were higher than those of≥15 years group (97.1%(981/1 010),96.9%(979/1 010),96.2%(972/1 010)),the differences were significant(all the values of P<0.01); The GMT in<15 years group(1∶325.9,1∶250.5,1∶190.7)were higher than that of ≥15 years group (1∶71.1,1∶67.2,1∶44.8),the difference was significant (all the values of P<0.01).The positive rate(99.0%-100%) and GMT(1∶128.8-1∶300.7) in vaccination information confirmed population were higher.The highest positive rate (all were 100%) and GMT(1∶409.7-1∶636.7) were observed in children who vaccinated three times.Conclusion The polio antibody of healthy population was at a high level in Beijing in 2012; Especially the age groups of <15 years which were covered by vaccines.Immunization barrier had been formed firmly to interrupt the transmission of wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of polio vaccine immunization effectiveness and vaccine titer in Beijing in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization program strategy.Methods:According to the convenient sampling method,the vaccination clinics of Chaoyang and Yanqing Districts in 2012, Fengtai and Daxing Districts in 2014, Tongzhou and Pinggu Districts in 2016, Dongcheng and Shunyi Districts in 2018 were selected as monitoring points. A total of 292 children were selected 4-8 weeks after the completion of 3 doses polio vaccine basic immunization which were 3 doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine（tOPV）schedule before the strategy adjustment in 2012-2014 and 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) following 2 doses of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) sequential schedule after the adjustment in 2016-2018. About 1.0 ml blood samples were collected to detect type Ⅰ and Ⅲ neutralizing poliovirus antibody. A total of 9 oral poliovirus vaccines (8 vaccines in 2012) were selected from different sources of vaccine storage every year to test the vaccine titer using random number method .Results:The [ M（ P25， P75）] age of 292 children was 5 (5, 6) months, and the ratio of male to female was 1.04 (149/143). In 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, 66,72,68 and 86 children were investigated respectively. After basic immunization, antibody positive rates for type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus were 100%, except 98.61% (71) for type Ⅰ poliovirus in 2014. The neutralizing antibody titer of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus was higher in 2016 and 2018 than that in 2012 and 2014 ( P<0.001). The average titer of tOPV were (6.05±0.15) and (6.16±0.12) lgCCID 50 per dose in 2012 and 2014. The average titer of bOPV were (6.88±0.21) and (6.26±0.14) lgCCID 50 per 100 μl in 2016 and 2018 ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization strategy in Beijing, the basic immunization success rate of the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was good as well as full tOPV schedule. The level of polio antibody produced by the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was higher. After adjustment, bOPV titer in 2016 was significantly higher than those before adjustment, while bOPV titer decreased significantly in 2018.

Objective To analyze the polio immunity level of persistent population in Beijing , 2012.Methods A total of 1 676 subjects residing more than 6 months in Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling design in 2012.Demographic characteristics , history of oral poliovirus vaccine ( OPV) immunization were investigated by questionnaire.All 5 ml blood sample were collected for testing of polio neutralizing antibody using the method of microcell neutralization.The positive rate and the geometric mean titer ( GMT ) of polio neutralizing antibody type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were analyzed in different groups.Results The positive rate of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 98.2%( 1 645/1 676 ) , 98.1%( 1 644/1 676),97.6%(1 635/1 676);The GMT were 1∶130.2,1∶113.4 and 1∶79.7.Three types of positive rates in<15 years group(99.7%(664/666),99.8%(665/666),99.5%(663/666)) were higher than those of≥15 years group (97.1%(981/1 010),96.9%(979/1 010),96.2%(972/1 010)),the differences were significant(all the values of P<0.01); The GMT in<15 years group(1∶325.9,1∶250.5,1∶190.7)were higher than that of ≥15 years group (1∶71.1,1∶67.2,1∶44.8),the difference was significant (all the values of P<0.01).The positive rate(99.0%-100%) and GMT(1∶128.8-1∶300.7) in vaccination information confirmed population were higher.The highest positive rate (all were 100%) and GMT(1∶409.7-1∶636.7) were observed in children who vaccinated three times.Conclusion The polio antibody of healthy population was at a high level in Beijing in 2012; Especially the age groups of <15 years which were covered by vaccines.Immunization barrier had been formed firmly to interrupt the transmission of wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of polio vaccine immunization effectiveness and vaccine titer in Beijing in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization program strategy.Methods:According to the convenient sampling method,the vaccination clinics of Chaoyang and Yanqing Districts in 2012, Fengtai and Daxing Districts in 2014, Tongzhou and Pinggu Districts in 2016, Dongcheng and Shunyi Districts in 2018 were selected as monitoring points. A total of 292 children were selected 4-8 weeks after the completion of 3 doses polio vaccine basic immunization which were 3 doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine（tOPV）schedule before the strategy adjustment in 2012-2014 and 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) following 2 doses of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) sequential schedule after the adjustment in 2016-2018. About 1.0 ml blood samples were collected to detect type Ⅰ and Ⅲ neutralizing poliovirus antibody. A total of 9 oral poliovirus vaccines (8 vaccines in 2012) were selected from different sources of vaccine storage every year to test the vaccine titer using random number method .Results:The [ M（ P25， P75）] age of 292 children was 5 (5, 6) months, and the ratio of male to female was 1.04 (149/143). In 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, 66,72,68 and 86 children were investigated respectively. After basic immunization, antibody positive rates for type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus were 100%, except 98.61% (71) for type Ⅰ poliovirus in 2014. The neutralizing antibody titer of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus was higher in 2016 and 2018 than that in 2012 and 2014 ( P<0.001). The average titer of tOPV were (6.05±0.15) and (6.16±0.12) lgCCID 50 per dose in 2012 and 2014. The average titer of bOPV were (6.88±0.21) and (6.26±0.14) lgCCID 50 per 100 μl in 2016 and 2018 ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization strategy in Beijing, the basic immunization success rate of the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was good as well as full tOPV schedule. The level of polio antibody produced by the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was higher. After adjustment, bOPV titer in 2016 was significantly higher than those before adjustment, while bOPV titer decreased significantly in 2018.