Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of lyophilized royal jelly ( LRJ) on immunoglobulin IgG,IgA,IgM and complement C3 and C4 in patients with low immunity ,and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LRJ.Methods A self-controlled clinical study of immunomodulatory efficacy of LRJ was performed in 32 patients with low immunity.Every patient took orally LRJ,two times a day.The hepatic function AST,ALT,and immunoglobulin IgG,IgA,IgM and complement C3,C4 were assayed after treatment for 28 days,and then the efficacy and safety of LRJ were evaluated.Results After took orally LRJ,the levels of IgG,IgA,and IgM [(10.31 ±2.03)g/L, (1.69 ±0.55)g/L,(1.51 ±0.55)g/L] were significantly higher than those before treatment [(8.52 ±1.94)g/L, (1.38 ±0.57)g/L,(1.36 ±0.55)g/L](t=5.21,2.25,1.56,all P<0.05),and the levels of C3 and C4 after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment [(0.93 ±0.15) g/L,(0.30 ±0.07) g/L vs (0.83 ± 0.12)g/L,(0.26 ±0.08)g/L] (t=1.94,1.78,all P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the levels of AST and ALT before[(38.17 ±12.84)U/L,(32.63 ±12.81)U/L] and after [(36.13 ±11.47)U/L, (31.83 ±12.36)U/L] treatment (t=0.82,0.44,all P>0.05).Conclusion LRJ can increase the levels of immu-noglobulin IgG,IgA and IgM,thus to improve the symptoms of patients with low immunity .

Vascular access is the dialysis patient's lifeline. Lower extremity arteriovenous accesses are a potential vascular access option in hemodialysis patients who have exhausted all upper-limb sites.The lower extremity options are including autogenous and prosthetic arteriovenous accesses.Numerous challenges including patency rates and complications are encountered in the lower extremities that are not seen in the upper extremities.In this review,we focus on the advances in lower extremity accesses.

Objective To assess the efficacy of Ezscan in evaluating the risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in diabetes. Methods This study included 144 patients with diabetes. Their serum lipid profile and HbA1c were determined. The heart rate variability was assessed by Holter, and the cardiac autonomic neuropathy by classic experiments. Meanwhile, Ezscan was carried out. Results There was a positive correlation between low frequency (LF) measurements by Holter and Ezscan score( r=0. 39, P＜0. 01 ), so did LF/HF and Ezscan score( r=0. 28, P＜0. 01 ). Correlations between Ezscan score and other Holter parameters were weaker. There was no correlation between HbA1c and LF measurements. In patients with positive classic experiments, the sensitivity and specificity of Ezscan were 58. 3% and 57.8% respectively. Conclusions Ezscan test is a valuable screening procedure for detecting diabetic complications. It is more facilitative and takes shorter time than does the classical autonomic function assessment.

Pachycarpine given intravenously (10~20mg/kg) to anesthetized rabbits markedly increased the force of contraction of the anterior tibialis musculi for 30 minsimultaneously. It significantly increased the work made by rabbit anterior tibialis musculi. It markedly plo-longed the mice swimming time. It also significantly increased the muscle evoked action potential induced by electrical stimulation on anterior tibialis musculi of rabbit.

AIM: To search for new candidate partners of human cell division cycle gene 14A (hCDC 14A) and explore their functional relationships.METHODS: Yeast two-hybrid screening was employed to find hCDC 14A new partners. Physical interaction between two proteins was verified using Pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Subcellular localizations were revealed by immunofluorescence. In vivo ubiquitination test implied their potential functional relationship.RESULTS: BRAP2 (BRCA1 associated protein 2) was found to be a new candidate partner of hCDC 14A. hCDC 14A was modified by ubiquitination, and BRAP2 increased this modification in vivo. As expected, hCDC 14A and BRAP2 co-localized on mitotic spindles in HeLa cells.CONCLUSION: BRAP2 may be an ubiquitin E3 ligase of hCDC 14A.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of total Saponin of Frucius Tribuli on hemorheological and thrombosis in vitro in model rats with blood stasis.METHODS:The model rats were randomly divided into control,model,ligustrazine and total saponin of Frucius Tribuli(high,medium,and low dosage)group,all administered drugs through stomach irriga?tion.Except the control group,blood stasis models were established in the rest five groups,and hemorheological parameters and thrombosis indices were determined in these groups.RESULTS:In the model group,blood viscosity increased;red blood cell electrophoresis period was prolonged;fibrinogen content,thrombus length and weight increased too.However,blood viscosity,red blood eletrophoresis period,fibrinogen content as well as the wet and dry weight and length of thrombus in mice of total saponin group decreased significantly,as compared with the model group(P

BACKGROUND:The materials for internal fixation of bone allografts have been used in the clinic.However,they are only used in the regions bearing little stress because of low strength.The focus of current studies is how to enhance the fixation strength of the materials to expand application range.OBJECTIVE:To compare the strength difference of cortical bone allografts among different fixation modes and to investigate the possible mechanisms of action.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An in vitro biomechanical experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Biomechanics,Nanhua University between October 2005 and March 2006.MATERIALS:Twenty-seven pieces of cadaveric femurs were included in this study.A total of 45 cortical bone allografts with a size of 110 mm×10 mm×3 mm and 90 bone screws were also used.METHODS:Twenty-seven femurs were made into simulated fracture models and randomized to 3 groups,with 9 models per group:A,B,and C.In the group A,the models were fixed with two cortical bone all6grafts; the models from the groups B and C were fixed with two bone allografts plus 5 bone screws and one bone allograft plus 5 bone screws accordingly.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Biomechanical tests were performed in the above-mentioned 3 groups to measure compressive,bending and torsional stiffness as well as the maximum loads.RESULTS:Different fixation models displayed different mechanical characteristics.The group A exhibited similar compressive stiffness compared to the group B,but the level was significantly higher compared to the group C (P ＜ 0.05).The other two stiffness parameters including bending and torsion were significantly greater in the group A than in the groups B and C (P ＜ 0.05).The maximum loads of compression,bending,and torsion were significantly greater in the group A compared to the group B (P ＜ 0.05) and group C (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:The strength of bone allograft is highly related to fixation mode. The two bone allografts showed greater strength and stiffness than struts fixed with bone screws,which meet the clinical requirements.

BACKGROUND:Deep vein thrombosis after hip replacement has a high incidence rate. Moreover, deep vein thrombosis can induce pulmonary embolism that can endanger patients’ life and dysfunction of distant deep vein. The appearance of deep vein thrombosis is a great obstacle for the gradual y increased hip replacement.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb after total hip replacement in elderly patients, and to screen the risk factors for the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs.
METHODS:Clinical data of 128 elderly patients with hip replacement were analyzed retrospectively. Al patients were examined with color Doppler ultrasound in double lower limbs at 1 day before replacement and 7 days after replacement. Multifactor unconditional logistic analysis was conducted on clinical related factors and the formation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 7 days after the operation, 16 patients affected deep vein thrombosis of lower limb. The factors for deep vein thrombosis contained female, general anesthesia, bilateral hip replacement and the application of bone cement (P<0.05). The risk for deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement significantly increased in elderly patients aged over 70 years. Multifactor unconditional logistic analysis exhibited that the multiple risks of sex, obesity and the use of bone cement in elderly patients with deep vein thrombosis increased to 11.398, 3.109 and 8.925. The patients with a blood type O at the age of over 70 years experienced a decreased risk for deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. The occurrence of deep vein thrombosis decreased to 0.186 times after replacement. Blood type O could be considered as a protective factor for the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis.

AIM: To measure microcirculation function in type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects with a new measurement method called capillary recruitment. METHODS: 276 type 2 diabetic patients in Shanghai downtown were enrolled and categorized into several groups, those with diabetes duration

AIM:To observe the effect of Shexiang Baoxin Pills on pathologic changes and heart function of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into the control group,Shexiang Baoxin Pill group and STZ group.The rats in Shexiang Baoxin Pill group took Shexiang Baoxin Pill(50 mg/kg) to perfuse the stomach every day.The cardiac functions in 8 weeksafter treatment were determined.Meantime,the cardiac pathologic changes were observed through electron microscope and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Shexiang Baoxin Pills could reduce the interstitial fibrosis of myocardium in STZ rats.it could obviously improve the cardiac contraction and diastolic functions in STZ rats. CONCLUSION: Shexiang Baoxin Pills can(amendment) cardiac pathologic changes and improve cardiac function in STZ rats.