The Wnt signaling path has a function of delivering the growth incitement signal,and it is closely related with the growth and differentiation of cells.The unusual activation of the Wnt signaling path may cause abnormal propagation and differentiation of cells and consequently the development of tumor.Besides,this signaling path serves an interactive function in different human tumors.Understanding the contribution of this signaling path in tumor formation may afford a basis for the clinical diagnosis and early intervention of tumor.

objective The consequences of macroscopic classification for early colorectal cancer(CRC),carried out by clinicians from China and Japan,were compared.Methods The endoscopic color photos and related materials of 7 selected patients with early CRC were distributed to each of 5 endoscopists from China and Japan to present everyone's own idea on classification.Results Some lesions assumed as typeⅡ (flat pattern) by Japanese were considered as typeⅠ (elevated pattern)by Chinese.While the lesions having protrusion with central depression were depicted by physicians of both sides according to the ratio of areas with different outlook,namelyⅡ a＋Ⅱ c orⅡ c＋Ⅱ a.Some new terms have been adopted currently by Japanese only,such asⅡ a＋ depression,LST(laterally spreading tumor).Conclusion Regarding the macroscopic classification indices for early CRC discrepancies exist between Sino-Japanese doctors.More comments and cooperation seem necessary to set up an unified criterion.

Objective To study the clinical and endoscopic features of Gastric mucosa－ associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma. Methods Clinical and endoscopic data of thirty two patients with gastric MALT lymphoma diagnosed pathologically after opration were analyzed. Results Patients with gastric MALT lymphoma had a median age of 51.3years with male predominance and a bimodal age distribution pattern, aged 30～ 39 and 60～ 69 years respectively. The symptoms were not characteristic.The tumor originated from antrum in 12 cases,corpus in 8 and multifocal lesions were found in 12 instances. The tumor appeared infilitrative in 12, ulcerative in 16 and nodular in 6 patients endoscopically. Lymphatic metastasis was detected in infiltrative type, before the serosa was involved. Immunohistochemistry showed B－ cell lymphoma in all the 32 cases.And Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection was found in 27 cases(84.4％ ).Nocorrelation was found between endoscopic types and manifestations.Metastasis to local lymph nodes was found early in infiltrative tumor.Conclusions It is suggested that H.pylori infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma.

Objective To design a kind of suitable equipment to collect the specimens from endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR),and observe the effect of the collector on clinical application. Methods The six-hole rotating collector was made from transparent glass,in which the specimens could be aspirated through the channel and remained in a mental net. A total of 813 cases with 1254 lesions in esophagus,stomach and large intestine were included in the study. All the cases were male 516,female 297,age in 7-90 years old (average 53.2 years). The collector was used for receiving these EMR specimens that less than 1cm in diameter. The final diagnoses were proved by histopathologic examination. Results The rotating collector was named as Transparent 6-hole Rotating Eodoscopic Specimen Collector,and registered as national patent. The collector was a round column type,about 160g in weight and 56 mm?60 mm in size,which was light,clear and easily cleaned,and worked well during clinical application. The total collecting success rate for specimen receiving is 93.3%. All the specimen samples kept undamaged and good for histological analysis. Conclusion The rotating specimen collector is useful and economic for endoscopic mucosal resection.

Objective To further study the effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for the treatment of early cancer and precancerous lesions on colon and rectum. Methods A total of 58 patients with 70 lesions were included in this study. EMR were performed by means of " injection and cut " method. Results All the lesions were resected completely by EMR. All the diagnoses were proved by pathology as follows: mucosal cancer 3 cases, adenoma with mild to severe dysplasia 53 cases, and inflammatory polyps 14 cases. No recurrence was found during the follow up survey for 1 23 months. Except 3 cases of treatable hemorrhage, no other complications were found. Conclusion The results of this study further confirm that EMR is effective and safe for the treatment of early cancer and precancerous lesions on colon and rectum

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of rude Rhubarb combined with Danshen root treating Cholestatic hepatitis E. Methods 60 cases of cholestatic hepatitis E were randomly recurited into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was administrated with liver protection therapy, symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Based on therapies of the control group, the treatment group was taken with Rhubarb 3 g orally, twice daily, and intravenously dropped with Danshen root injection 20ml, once daily. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group was 93.3% and 66.7% respectively, showing significant differance(P<0.01 ). The value of TBil and DBil in the treatment group was statistically improved compared with the control group (P<0.01) . besides the hospitalized time of the treatment group was 46±9 days and hospitalization expense was 6630±1032 RMB, demonstrating a significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusion Rude Rhubarb combined with Danshen root can treat Cholestatic hepatitis E by improving the symptoms and reducing serum bilirubin level. Besides this method also shortens therapeutic time and reduces hospitalization costs.

Objective The selective deficit of recognition of disgust expression in Huntington’s disease (HD) and HD gene carrier strongly suggested the possibility that basal ganglia is involved in disgust processing. To further tested this hypothesis, we test the perception of emotional expressions in patients with symptomatic Wilson’s disease (WD), another basal ganglia disease resulted from abnormal copper metabo lism. Methods We developed a six basic emotional morphed face continuum (30 morphed emotional faces across happy surprise fear sad disgust anger happy). Participants were required to label each of these morphs in 5 trails to measure the ability of different emotion processing. The performances of 32 cases of WD were compared with 20 age and education matched normal controls. Results On the group level, although significantly impaired in fear, disgust and anger (correct identification scores: 12.8?3.6;9.1?4.7;14.9?4.3, P

This paper aims to present a review of the research progress on the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and microglia-mediated inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder in which the immuno-inflammatory pathway is considered to be one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of disease， and manifested by microglia activation and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain. However， the biological mechanism underlying immune disorder in schizophrenia has not been fully elucidated. In recent years， accumulating evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore， this article reviews the research progress on the roles of mitochondrial days function and microglia-mediated inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia， so as to inform the study of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonic intravenous imaging and cholangiography in the diagnosis of malignant jaundice obstructive. Methods Forty three patients who were diagnosed with malignant obstructive jaundice by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and contrast-enhanced computed magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. All of them underwent conventional ultrasound, IV-CEUS and IC-CEUS. According to the results of operation, the diagnosis accuracies were compared among conventional ultrasound, IV-CEUS, IC-CEUS and IV- CEUS combined with IC-CEUS. Results Diagnostic accuracy by the conventional ultrasound , IV-CEUS , IC-CEUS and IV- CEUS combined with IC-CEUS were 72.1%(31/43), 83.7%(36/43), 81.4%(35/43) and 93.0%(40/43), respectively. IV- CEUS combined with IC-CEUS was superior to the conventional ultrasound (P = 0.021). There were no significant differences when the conventional ultrasound was compared with IV-CEUS or IC-CEUS alone (P = 0.194 and 0.307). Conclusions Preoperative evaluation by IV- CEUS combined with IC-CEUS can elaborate the intra-cavitary and extra-cavitary changes of malignant obstructive jaundice. The diagnostic accuracy rate could be effectively improved by IV-CEUS combined with IC-CEUS, which can bring favorable clinical benefit.

Objevtives: To explore the relationship between ? aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the proliferation or differentiation of jejunal epithelial cells. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of GABA, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, including two isoforms, GAD65 and GAD67) was investigated in rat jejunum. Meanwhile, double staining was performed with GAD65 immunohistochemistry followed by lectin histochemistry of fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin. Furthermore, cell kinetics was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results: Immunoreactive GABA and GAD65 were distributed in the villi of jejunum, while GAD67 was negative in epithelial cells. Strong positive staining of GABA and GAD65 was mainly localized along the brush border of jejunal villi. In addition, there existed a few GABA and GAD65 strong positive cells scattering in upper portion of the jejunal villi. Double staining showed that immunoreactive GAD65 was not found in goblet cells. PCNA staining nucleoli were found in the lower and the middle portions of the jejunal crypts. Therefore, GABA and GAD65 were expressed in maturation or functional zone. Conclusion: It suggests that GABA might be involved in the regulation of differentiation and maturation of epithelial cells in rat jejunum.