Objective To investigate the characteristics of click -auditory brainstem response (ABR) in nor-mal infants of 1 to 6 months old ,and to establish the normative values for latencies of Wave I ,III ,V and interpeak latencies of I- Ⅲ ,III-V and I-V for younger infants .Methods Click auditory brainstem responses were recorded from infants within 6 months :166 infants of 1 -months old(269 ears) ,141 2 -month old (226 ears) ,111 3 -months old(177 ears) ,58 4-months old(96 ears) ,78 5-months old(121 ears) and 45 6-months old(76 ears) .We compared the latencies of wave I ,III ,V and interpeak latencies of I - Ⅲ ,III-V ,I-V obtained from infants of differ-ent ages at different stimulus intensities .Results The average threshold of 1 to 6 months infants was 16 .18 ± 5 .35 dB nHL ,the average latency of Wave V was 9 .03 ± 0 .49 ms .The differences among the thresholds were statistical-ly insignificant(P>0 .05) .Wave I ,III and V were noticeable in all ears tested at 80 dB nHL .Wave I disappeared first as the stimulus intensity decreased ,and the latencies of Wave I ,III and V prolonged;on the contrary ,interpeak latencies of I -III ,III-V ,I-V shortened significantly .At the same stimulus intensity ,the latencies of Wave III , V and the interpeak latencies of I - Ⅲ ,III-V ,I-V shortened significantly except for Wave I .When comparing the differences among the testing parameters as a function of each month ,we found that there were statistically signifi-cant differences for the latencies of wave III ,V and the interpeak latencies of I -III ,III-V ,I-V before the 4 months old(P<0 .05) ,and there were no significant differences after 4 months old(P>0 .05) .Conclusion It is recommen-ded that 16 .18 ± 5 .35 dB nHL be used as the normative references for the evoked threshold of click auditory brain-stem responses for 1~6 month old infants .The development of central nervous system below the inferior calicles is fast before the 4 months old .

Objective To explore the influence of salinomycin in the growth, apoptosis and invasion of human bladder cancer 5637 cells,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods The human bladder cancer 5637 cells cultured invitro at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and different doses of salinomycin(15, 30 and 60μmol·L-1 )groups.The inhibitory rate of the growth of 5637 cells in various groups was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of 5637 cells in various groups. The invasiveness of 5637 cells was tested by Matrigel Invasion Assay.The expression levels ofβ-catenin protein in 5637 cells in various groups were determined by Western blotting method. Results Compared with control group,the inhibitory rates of growth of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in different doses of salinomycin groups were increased significantly(P<0.05);the apoptotic rates were increased(P<0.05).the number of cells passed the Matrigel was decreased(P<0.05),and the expression level ofβ-catenin protein was decreased (P<0.05).Compared with low dose of salinomycin group,the inhibitory rate of growth of 5637 cells in high dose of salinomycin group was increased(P<0.05);the apoptotic rate was increased(P<0.05),the number of cells passed the Matrigel was decreased (P < 0.05 ), and the expression levels of β-catenin protein was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Salinomycin can inhibit the growth of 5637 cells significantly,increase the apoptosis,and decrease the cell invasion;the inhibitory effect may act by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To investigate incision pathogenic bacteria after spinal surgery, and observe clinical effects of therapeutic methods. Methods A total of 30 cases of early surgical incision infection (7 cases of superficial infection and 23 cases of deep infection) after spinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The basic data including clinical manifes-tations, diagnosis, treatment, etiology and follow-up results were analyzed. Results It was found that the mean infection time after operation was 2-15 days in 30 patients. Thirty-three strains were isolated including 18 gram-positive cocci (54.5%, and Staphylococcus aureus account for 13, 39.4%), 15 gram-negative bacteria (45.5%, and Coli communior account for 6, 18.2%). The drug susceptibility test showed that gram-positive cocci were highly sensitive to vancomycin, rifampin, tei-coplanin and cotrimoxazole. No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were found. Gram negative bacteria were high-ly sensitive to imipenem (100%). Seven cases of superficial infection were cured after dressing. Twenty-three cases of deep incision wound infection were no recurrence of infection after treatment by deep wound debridement, and postoperative cathe-terization. Conclusion The early wound infection after spinal surgery is usually due to Staphylococcus aureus. It is good to perform wound debridement, continuous perfusion drainage, and treatment with vancomycin for deep wound infection.

Objective:To determine the content of cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, methylene chloride and trichloromethane in rupatadine fumarate by headspace gaschromatography. Methods:A DB-WAXETRR capillary column(30 m × 0. 32 mm,0. 25 μm)was used and the carrier gas was nitrogen. The detector was an FID and the inlet temperature was 200℃ . The column temperature program was with the initial temperature of 35℃,maintained 10 min,and then risen to 220℃ with the rate of 20℃·min -1 ,and maintained 5 min. Results:Cyclohexane,ethyl acetate,methanol,methylene chloride and trichloromethane showed a good linear relationship within the range of 77. 590 1- 698. 310 9 μg·ml -1(r = 0. 999 7),102. 166 6- 919. 499 4 μg· ml -1(r = 0. 999 8),62. 744 7- 564. 703 2μg·ml -1(r = 0. 999 9),12. 011 2- 108. 101 1 μg·ml-1(r = 0. 999 6)and 1. 262 8-11. 365 6 μg·ml -1(r = 0. 999 6). The average recovery was 103. 9% ,103. 5% ,104. 9% ,107. 1% and 103. 4% and RSD was 2. 3% ,2. 6% ,3. 1% ,2. 8% and 4. 5%(n = 9),respectively. The five residual solvents were not detected out in rupatadine fumarate. Conclusion:The method is stable,simple,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the determination of residual solvents in rupatadine fumarate.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of wrist hand orthoses on cerebral palsy children with adduction of thumb. MethodsChildren with spastic hemiplegia were divided into experimental group （14 cases) and control group （15 cases）. Children in the both groups received routine rehabilitation for 3 months. Children in experimental group wore wrist hand orthoses 4～8 h/d in addition. ResultsThe passive range of motion (PROM) and scores of Fine Motor Function Measure Scale (FMFM) significantly increased in both groups after treatment. The PROM and FMFM scores in experimental groups increased more than those in the control group after treatment （P＜0.05).ConclusionWrist hand orthoses can improve the passive adduction angle of carpometacarpal joints of thumb and the fine motor function in spastic hemiplegia children after cerebral palsy.

Objective To explore the effects of different probe tone and tympanometric admittance measure-ment methods on the diagnose of otitis media prediction ,and to provide a clinical reference for the selection of probe tones and measurement method to apply to newborn infants .Methods Tympanograms with 226 Hz and 1 000 Hz probe tones were obtained from normal infants (142 ears) and infants with otitis media (90 ears) .Mean values , standard deviations ,the 90% range and 95% mean confidence interval were recorded as the variable to observe po-tential impacts on tympanometric admittance with 226 Hz probe tone and tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone by three different measurement methods respectively according to Linder/Jerger classification ,the Baldwin classification and baseline classification adapted from Baldwin .The four indexes were tested with compara-tive analysis .The area under ROC curve simultaneous detects the normal group and otitis media group ,with refer-ences to the accuracy of the detection method to disease (including specificity and sensitivity ) .Results In 1-to -3 month group ,tympanometric admittance with 226 Hz probe tone and tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone by three different measurement methods were 0 .83 ± 0 .29 ,0 .60 ± 0 .55 ,0 .74 ± 0 .56 ,0 .90 ± 0 .59 in nom-al infants and 0 .82 ± 0 .35 ,0 .01 ± 0 .06 ,-0 .24 ± 0 .15 ,-0 .29 ± 0 .21 in infants with OME ,respectively .The areas under ROC curve of the four kinds of measurement methods were 0 .507 ,0 .896 ,0 .976 ,0 .988 ,respectively .In 4 to 6 month group ,tympanometric admittance with 226 Hz probe tone and tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone by three different measurement methods were 0 .60 ± 0 .35 ,0 .55 ± 0 .58 ,0 .76 ± 1 .0 ,0 .86 ± 0 .72 in nomal infants and 0 .36 ± 0 .24 ,0 ± 0 ,-0 .34 ± 0 .16 ,-0 .44 ± 0 .28 in infants with OME ,respectively .The areas under ROC curve of the four kinds of measurement methods were 0 .749 ,0 .888 ,0 .969 ,0 .988 in 4 to 6 month infants ,re-spectively .Tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone by three different measurement methods were significantly better than that with 226 Hz probe tone .The areas under ROC curve of tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone by baseline classification adapted from Baldwin were bigger than others and the differences were significant(P<0 .05) ,but no difference between the Baldwin classification and baseline classification in 4 to 6 month infants(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone were better than that with 226 Hz probe tone to assess otitis media in 1~6 month infants .The baseline classification adapted from Baldwin was appropriate for the measurement of tympanometric peak admittance with 1 000 Hz probe tone .

Objective To study the expression of tumor stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)in invasive bladder cancer tissue and to clarify its relationship with the biological behavior of bladder cancer. Methods The ALDH1 expression in 109 cases of primary invasive carcinomas specimens (case group)and 20 cases of normal bladder tissue surrounding cancer (control group)was detected by immunohistochemistry. At the same time,the ALDH1 expression in 6 cases of metastatic pelvic lymph node tissue and 20 cases of non-metastatic pelvic lymph node tissue was detected. The relationship between the ALDH1 expression and the chinicopathological charateristics of invasive bladder cancer and its influence in the survival rate and disease-free survival were analyzed. Results The positive rates of ALDH1 expression in bladder cancer tissue and normal bladder tissue were 33.94%(37/109)and 5.00% (1/20),respectively,there was significant different between them (P<0.01);they were 19.05% (8/42)and 43.28% (29/67)in the cases with non muscle invasive and nmuscle invasive bladder cancer, respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.01);they were 13.04% (3/23)and 39.53% (34/86)in the cases of bladder cancer with low grade and high grade,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.05);they were 50.00% (3/6)and 12.90% (4/31)in the tissue of bladder cancer with metastatic lymph nodes and non metastatic ones,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.05);they were 50.00% (3/6)and 0.00%(0/20)in the metastatic lymph nodes and non metastatic ones,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.01).The overall survival rate in the patients with positive ALDH1 expression was 64.9% while it was 84.7% in negative ones,there was significant difference (P<0.05);the disease-free Survival was 51.4% and 75% in the patients with positive and negative ALDH1 groups,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of tumor stem cell marker ALDH1 is associated with staging, grading and prognosis of invasive bladder cancer.ALDH1 may play a role in the tumorigenesis,progression and metastasis of bladder cancer.

Objective To analyze the concept of Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor (PDMS-FM). Methods Concept con-tained in each item of PDMS-FM was discussed and determined by 3 rehabilitation physicians or therapists. They were linked to the catego-ries of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) by 2 rehabilitation physi-cians according to the linking rules after discussion. Third party intervened informally if there was a disagreement. Results Ninety-eight items from the PDMS-FM linked to 21 categories of the 3rd level within 13 categories of the 2nd level, belong to b1 Mental Functions, b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement-related Functions, d1 Learning and Applying Knowledge, d4 Activities and d5 Self-care, a total of 5 categories of the 1st level. Eighty items linked to d4, and 40 items linked to d1. Conclusion PDMS-FM mainly focuses on the activities, es-pecially Carrying, Moving and Handling Objects and Basic Learning of Learning and Applying Knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the judgement standard and evaluate the diagnostic value of the low frequency and high frequency tympanometry in infants with otitis media. METHOD: Tympanograms for admittance with 226 Hz and 1 000 Hz probe tones and resonant frequency were obtained from normal infants (195 cases, 321 ears) and infants with otitis media(122 cases, 171 ears). The mean, standard deviation, median, 5% quantile, 95% quantile and 95% confidence interval of peak admittance, gradient and resonant frequency were measured and calculated in different age groups. The significant differences of 1000 Hz peak admittance, 226 Hz peak admittance and gradient between normal infants and infants with otitis median were analyzed using SPSS 11.0. The false positive rate and the false negative rate of different age groups in infants with otitis media were evaluated according to such judgement standards as 1000 Hz peak admittance, 226Hz peak admittance or gradient. RESULT: The false positive rate and the false negative rate of the 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry in infants with otitis media unter one year of age were 3.07% and 1.84% as the normal range of positive peak was more than 0.2 mmho. The false positive rate and the false negative rate of the 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry in infants with otitis media aged 1-2 years and aged 2-3 years were 3.26%, 5.26% and 1.52%, 0.00% respectively,as the normal range of positive peak was more than 0.3 mmho. These was no significant difference in the gradient with 226 Hz probe tone between normal infants and infants with otitis median under one year of age. The false positive rate and the false negative rate of the 226 Hz probe tone tympanometry in infants with otitis media aged 1-2 years and aged 2-3 years were 44.57%, 31.58% and 16.67%, 6.67% respectively, as the gradient with 226 Hz probe tone was a judgement standard. CONCLUSION (1) The diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry with 1000 Hz probe tone for otitis media in infants younger than 3 years of age exceeded 226 Hz probe tone tympanometry, the 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry is suggested to the evaluation of middle ear function in infants before 3 years. (2) It is reasonable that the normal range of positive peak is more than 0.2 mmho in infants unter one year of age and the normal range of positive peak is more than 0.3 mmho in infants aged 1-3 years.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Otitis Media ; diagnosis ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: Effective biomarkers and models are needed to improve the prognostic prospects of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The purpose of this work was to identify DNA methylation biomarkers and to evaluate the utility of DNA methylation analysis for ccRCC prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An overview of genome-wide methylation of ccRCC tissues derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was download for analysis. DNA methylation signatures were identified using Cox regression methods. The potential clinical significance of methylation biomarkers acting as a novel prognostic markers was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: This study analyzed data for 215 patients with information on 23171 DNA methylation sites and identified a two-DNA methylation signature (cg18034859, cg24199834) with the help of a step-wise multivariable Cox regression model. The area under the curve of ROCs for the two-DNA methylation signature was 0.819. The study samples were stratified into low- and high-risk classifications based on an optimal threshold, and the two groups showed markedly different survival rates. Moreover, the two-DNA methylation marker was suitable for patients of varying ages, sex, stages (I and IV), and histologic grade (G2). CONCLUSION: The two-DNA methylation signature was deemed to be a potential novel prognostic biomarker of use in increasing the accuracy of predicting overall survival of ccRCC patients.
Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Classification ; DNA Methylation ; Genome ; Humans ; Methods ; Methylation ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Survival Rate