Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death from malignant tumors worldwide. At the same time, statistics show that the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are increasing year by year. Because patients with lung cancer do not have typical symptoms in the early stage, this directly leads to the majority of patients who are already at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and the prognosis is not good. How to diagnose lung cancer early and accurately and find patients with potential risks and predict the prognosis is of great significance for the formulation of further treatment plans. In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence has been booming. As a branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning could learn efficiently from complex and large amounts of data. Besides, the learned model has good generalization ability. These characteristics can take greatly advance on the research about lung cancer

Objective To discuss the curative effect of different operative methods for the treatment of urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) after urethroplasty.Methods Clinical data of 54 cases of UCF from January 2003 to July 2011 were collected.Simple suture,advancement skin flap,pedicle penile skin flap urethroplasty,tongue/buccal mucosa urethroplasty were performed according to the size,location,number and whether there was urethral stricture of UCF.The treatment effect was recored and analyzed.Results The success rate of UCF repair was 85％ (46/54).There were 4 patients cured after second surgery.The success rates of repair of UCF with simple suture,advancement skin flap,pedicle penile skin flap urethroplasty,tongue/buccal mucosa urethroplasty were 95％,76％,82％,and 83％,respectively.Postoperative recurrence was observed in 5 patients in 6 months after the surgery and 4 of them received the re-operation.Conclusion According to the principle and the individual circumstance,taking personalized operative methods may improve the success rate of the repair of all kinds of UCF.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) in the treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) after glaucoma surgery.Methods:An observational case series study was carried out.Twenty-eight consecutive patients (28 eyes) with uncontrolled IOP after glaucoma surgery who received UCP treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled.The IOP of these patients was ≥21 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) under the maximum tolerated dose.According to preoperative IOP and visual acuity, the patients were divided into 8-sector group (17 eyes) and 10-sector group (11 eyes). The duration of UCP operation, preoperative and postoperative 1-day, 1-week, 2-week, 1-month and 3-month IOP and BCVA, the types of drugs for lowering IOP preoperatively and postoperatively, preoperative and postoperative 3-month ocular pain grading and corneal endothelial cell counts, and adverse reactions during the operation and after surgery were recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2020-KY-154). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.Results:The duration of UCP operation was 3 to 7 minutes, with an average of (4.30±1.26) minutes.The IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after operation was (32.96±10.49), (25.89±7.25), (24.50±6.23), (24.07±6.59), (24.32±6.52)mmHg, respectively, which were significantly lower than (45.82±8.81) mmHg before operation (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IOP between the 8-sector group and 10-sector group ( Fgroup=1.271, P=0.270), but there was a significant difference in IOP between the two groups before and after operation ( Ftime=54.388, P<0.01), and the postoperative IOP at various time points in the two groups were lower than the preoperative IOP, showing statistical significances (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in BCVA before and after surgery ( F=2.562, P=0.075). There was a statistically significant difference in BCVA between the 8-sector group and 10-sector group ( Fgroup=12.602, P=0.001), but no statistically significant difference was found in BCVA between the two groups before and after surgery ( Ftime=1.701, P=0.139), and the BCVA in the 8-sector group was better than the 10-sector group at various time points (all at P<0.05). The types of IOP lowering drugs used in the 8-sector group and 10-sector group were 3 (2, 3) and 3 (2, 4) before operation respectively, and 0 (0, 1) and 0 (0, 0) at 3 months after operation respectively.The preoperative ocular pain grade was 2 (2, 2), and the postoperative 3-month ocular pain grade was reduced to 1 (0, 1), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-4.824, P<0.05). The postoperative 3-month pain grading in the 8-sector and 10-sector groups were significantly lower than the preoperative pain grading ( Z=-3.739, -3.127; both at P<0.05). The corneal endothelial cell count was significantly decreased from (1 967.15±186.06) cells/mm 2 before operation to (1 861.08±206.63) cells/mm 2 at 3 months after operation ( t=2.781, P=0.017). No serious complications occured during the operation.Postoperative adverse reactions included chemosis and bulbar hyperemia, corneal edema, headache, ocular pain, anterior chamber inflammation, etc.Serious complications such as low IOP, macular edema, vision loss or eyeball atrophy were not observed. Conclusions:UCP has no surgical incision.Treatment of both 8 sectors and 10 sectors can effectively reduce IOP, reduce the types of IOP lowering drugs, and relieve ocular pain in patients with uncontrolled IOP after glaucoma surgery with few intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions.

Biofilms are microbial communities composed of bacteria cells and self-produced extracellular polymeric substances and lead to antibiotic resistance, forming a great threat in the fields of medicine, food industries and so on. The formation of biofilms is a multi-stage dynamic process regulated by multiple mechanisms. Recently, researchers paid much more attention to the related research areas of biofilms, especially the detection methods of biofilms. This paper introduced the characteristics and formation process of biofilms as well as the effects of quorum sensing on biofilms development. Meanwhile, we discussed the detection methods of biofilms, especially electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in detection of biofilms in detail. Furthermore, we reviewed and predicted that microfluidic chips based EIS served as an in-situ and online monitoring method for biofilms growth.

In recent years, with the rapid development of organ donation after citizen’s death and transplantation, central and local governments in China have successively released incentive policies. To protect the legitimate rights and interests of organ donors after citizen’s death and their families, current status of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death was illustrated and analyzed from the perspective of ethics. Combining with the principles of justice, respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence and beneficence, the problems existing in the implementation of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death were identified in China, such as lack of continuous psychological intervention in spiritual incentives, the misinterpretation of humanitarian assistance in practice and the impact of indirect economic incentives on individual donation autonomy, etc. Relevant countermeasures and suggestions were proposed at the government, society and individual levels, aiming to provide reference for improving the incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death and accelerate the development of organ donation in China.

Medicine is essentially an anthropology, and the patient role is characterized by integrity and subjectivity. With the progress of science and technology and social development, the contemporary patient role has become alienated. The specific manifestations of patient role alienation were analyzed from four aspects, including the objectification of the patient role and the blurring of the patient boundaries in sociology, the objectification of the patient role and the indexing of patients’ pain in technology, the challenge of patient life and health rights and the alienation of informed consent rights in law, and the instrumentalization of patient role and the fragility of patient subjectivity in economics. This paper proposed that the coordination of technology and humanities, the return to the nature of patients, and the concern for the needs of patients are essential in the development of modern medicine.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the component characteristics and anti-infla mmatory activities of the low polarity parts from Sabia campanulata ，S. discolor and S. parviflora . METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the components of low polarity parts eluted by petroleum ether from petroleum ether extract of dried stems and leaves of S. campanulata，S. discolor and S. parviflora . The chromatographic peaks were retrieved by both NIST 17 and Wiley 275 database， and their structures of each compound were compared and identified manually. The relative percentage content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. With indomethacin as positive control and the inhibition rate of nitric oxide （NO）production as the index ，the effects of the low polarity parts of the above three species of Sabia genus on the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-induced human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes （RA-FLS） and mouse mononuclear macrophage RAW 264.7 were compared ；the half inhibitory concentration （IC50）was calculated. RESULTS Totally 70，40 and 33 chemical components were identified respectively from the low polarity parts of S. campanulata ，S. discolor and S. parviflora ， including long-chain fatty hydrocarbons ，long-chain alcohol/aldehyde/ester ，monoterpenes；but there were only 5 common components in the three species ，such as dodecane and docosane，etc. S. campanulata contained abundant terpenoids （40.89％）； the relative percentage content of triterpenoids was high in S. discolor （30.29％）；the relative percentage content of long-chain fatty hydrocarbons was high in S. parviflora （87.70％）. The values of IC 50 of the low polarity parts of the above three species of Sabia genus to the production of NO in RA-FLS cells were 2.22，1.69 and 4.15 μg/mL，respectively. The values of IC 50 of them to the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells were 1.23，4.02 and 3.05 μg/mL respectively，and all of them were lower than indomethacin （12.97，10.66 μg/mL）. CONCLUSIONS The components of the low polarity parts fr om the above three species of Sabia genus are mainly long-chain fatty hydrocarbons ， monoterpenes and long-chain alcohol/aldehyde/ester ， and all of them have certain anti-inflammatory activities.