Objective:Contrast sensitivity(CS) is a new technique which measures the discrimination capacity of the human eye to an object under low contrast conditions.It is more acute and more complete in reflecting visual function than the Snellen chart which is used to test the discrimination under high contrast conditions.Our purpose is to compare the effect of an aspheric intraocular lens(IOL) with those of conventional monofocal silicone and acrylic IOL and multifocal IOL on functional visual performance. Methods:To 90 eyes after phaco emulsification with IOL implantation,30 eyes of age-matched patients were selected as control,all patients were 50-80 years old,with no disorders,other than cataract,known to affect CS.Corrected visions were all over 0.8.The CS was measured 30 days after surgery.Results:After surgery the patients' CS returned to the normal level,but which was lower than that of the control's.The aspheric IOL provided statistically significant better contrast sensitivity at 6,12 and 18 cycles per degree. Conclusion:The use of a modified prolate IOL in cataract surgery has the potential to improve CS,which is designed to partially compensate the average spherical aberration of the cornea.

Objective:To study analyze sthe contrast sensitivity of high myopia.Methods:The contrast sensitivity function(CSF) in 60 eyes of 30 patients with high myopia was studied with normal subjects as control.Those with other ocular disease or systemic disease were excluded to avoid any possible affection.The patients were aged from 12 to 62 years.Corrected vision were all over 0.8 in high myopia,and the control was more than 1.0.The contrast sensitivity function was measured with CSV-1000E Vision Testing Instrument(provided by VECTOR VISION company).Results:The results revealed that the CSF of high myopia in each space-frequency range was decreased.The difference between high myopia group and control group was significant(P

Objective: To evaluate the curative effect of the amblyopia therapeutic instrument and to search for a best treatment of amblyopia for pre-school children.Methods: One hundred and seven children with amblyopia were treated by the amblyopia therapeutic instrument and followed up, and the curative effects were analyzed.Results: The curative effects were significantty different between the group treeted with the instrument and those treated otherwise.Conclusion: The amblyopia therapeutic instrument is a satisfactorily effective option for the treatment of amblyopia in pre-school children.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of ziprasidone and risperidone on cognitive inhibition function through visual pathway of patients with paranoid schizophrenia.MethodsIn the open-label,flexible-dosage trial,124 patients with paranoid schizophrenia were randomly divided into ziprasidone group (120-160 mg/d)and risperidone group(4-8 mg/d) for treatment of 8 weeks.They were assessed with computerized Color Word Test (CWT) and Continuous Performance Test(CPT) through visual pathway for cognitive inhibition function,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for efficacy on baseline and 8th weekend.ResultsAfter treatment with ziprasidone,the error number (3.12 ± 5.23 ),the time per correct answer( ( 1.92 ± 1.38 ) s) of CWT,as well as the doubledigit mistaken number (2.31 ± 3.76)and the three-figure mistaken number( 3.15 ±2.80) of CPT reduced more than those before medication ( (4.60 ± 6.80),( 2.74 ± 1.52 ) s,(3.85 ± 3.62 ),(4.42 ± 3.53 ) ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).In risperidone.group,the double-digit mistake number of CPT(3.39 ± 3.59) after pharmacotherapy reduced more than that before pharmacotherapy(4.23 ± 3.88) (P＜ 0.05).After treatment the time per correct answer of CWT and the mistaken numbers of CPT in ziprasidone group were less than those in risperidone group(P＜ 0.05 ),meanwhile,the scores of PANSS in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionIt is effective for ziprasidone and risperidone to improve the function of cognitive inhibition on patients with paranoid schizophrenia,but there is more dramatic for ziprasidone in short-term treatment.

Objective To study the expression and the clinical significance of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) in gallbladder cancer tissues,and the role and mechanism of HIF-1α in metformin-suppressed metastasis in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells.Methods 24 specimens of gallbladder cancer tissues and 5 specimens of chronic cholecystitis were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2016 and February 2017.Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to detect the expression of HIF-1α in gallbladder cancer tissues,in adjacent non-cancer tissues and in chronic cholecystitis,and the clinical significance was analyzed.The model of metastasis was induced by hypoxia;the wound healing assay and the Transwell assay were used to detect the ability of cell metastasis;the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells were detected by western blotting assay and immunofiuorescence.Results The expression of HIF-1α in gallbladder cancer tissues was higher than the adjacent non-cancer tissues and in chronic cholecystitis.The expression of HIF-1α was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in gallbladder cancer tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group and in the treatment with hypoxia group (1％ O2) in GBC-SD cells were (46.5 ± 4.8) ％ and (67.3 ± 4.0) ％,respectively.The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group and in the treatment with hypoxia group GBC-SD cells were (147.4 ± 11.7) and (234.4 ± 17.7),respectively.When compared with the negative control group,treatment with hypoxia significantly increased the ability of metastasis and up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P ＜ 0.05).The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group,the metformin group,the hypoxia group and the metformin and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (40.6 ± 7.1) ％,(16.4 ± 9.4) ％,(69.5 ± 4.0) ％ and (22.4 ± 7.4) ％,respectively.The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group,the metformin group,the hypoxia group and the metformin and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (148.4 ± 6.9),(90.0 ± 8.4),(185.8 ± 10.2) and (113.4± 8.6),respectively.When comparcd with the hypoxia group,treatment with metformin and hypoxia significantly decreased the ability of metastasis and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P ＜ 0.05).The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group,the 2MeoE2 group,the hypoxia group,the 2MeoE2 and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (43.4 ±4.4)％,(25.9 ±9.0)％,(63.3 ±2.2)％,(46.2 ±4.5)％,respectively.The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group,the 2MeoE2 group,the hypoxia group,the 2MeoE2 and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (144.2 ± 12.6),(80.2 ±7.7),(203.8 ±7.0),(124.0 ± 5.2),respectively.When compared with the hypoxia group,treatment with HIF-1α inhibitor 2MeoE2 and hypoxia significantly decreased the ability of metastasis and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of HIF-1 α was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in gallbladder cancer tissues.Treatment with hypoxia significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and promoted metastasis of GBC-SD cells,while treatment with metformin decreased the ability of metastasis induced by hypoxia via inhibiting the HIF-1o/VEGF pathway in GBC-SD cells.

Objective To compare effect of swaddle bathing and tub bathing on neonatal behavior state, and improve the safety and comfort of newborn infants. Methods This was a prospective non-randomized control study. From February 2016 to September 2017, a total of 110 neonates were divided into swaddle bathing group or tub bathing group, each group including 55 cases. Neonates in swaddle bathing group received swaddle bathing after discharge, while neonates in tub bathing group received tub bathing. Behavior state in the process of bathing and temperature before and after bathing were compared. Results In swaddle bathing group, 85.5％ (47/55) of neonates kept quiet during the bathing process, which was significantly higher than 56.4％(31/55) in the tub bathing group (χ2=11.282, P<0.01). 30.9％(17/55) of neonates in swaddle group were crying, significantly lower than 50.9％ (28/55) in tub bathing group (χ2=4.550, P<0.05). Duration of neonatal grasp reflex, crying time (seconds), and neonatal body temperature after bathing was (2.3±0.4) points,2(0,7)s and (36.49±0.02)℃in swaddle bathing group, and (7.9±0.5) points, 6 (5,10) s and (36.38±0.03)℃in tub bathing group, and the difference was significant(t=4.366, 2.910, Z=3.534, P<0.01). Conclusions Swaddle bathing can promote neonatal behavior state in the process of bathing and reduce neonatal the feeling of fear. Moreover, it could help keep warm more effectively.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of S-1 single agent adjuvant chemotherapy for the patients undergoing radical resection of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 108 patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma receiving radical resection who were admitted from January 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 62 males(57.4%)and 46 females(42.6%),with a median age of 59 years (range:26 to 79 years),10 cases(9.3%) in stage Ⅱ,85 cases(78.7%) in stage Ⅲ, and 13 cases (12.0%) in stage Ⅳ, 40 cases(37.0%) of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 8 cases(7.4%) of middle cholangiocarcinoma, 25 cases (23.2%) of distal cholangiocarcinoma, 35 cases(32.4%) of gallbladder carcinoma.After radical resection of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma, 49 patients receiving S-1 single agent chemotherapy and 59 patients receiving non-special treatment were divided into the chemotherapy group and the operation group,respectively. All the dates of the patients were followed up and collected with the overall survival time,tumor-free survival time,1,2 and 3-year survival rate after operation,and the rate of major toxic reaction during chemotherapy of the chemotherapy group. Survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival analysis was done using the Log-rank test. Results: There were no significant differences in the general date of two groups(sex, age, tumor size, tumor site, TNM stages, degree of differentiation). The median overall survival time and the median tumor-free survival time in the chemotherapy group were 27 months and 21 months,respectively,and in the operation group were 21 months and 17 months,respectively. There were differences between the two groups in the overall survival rates(χ²=3.967,P<0.05) and the 2 and 3-year survival rate(63.3%,36.6%;41.6%,20.4%;χ²=4.510,P<0.05;χ²=6.143,P<0.05),but the 1-year overall survival rate (83.4%,79.7%)was not statistically significant(χ²=0.286,P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the tumor-free survival time,1,2 and 3-year tumor-free survival rate(77.6%,41.4%,33.1%;62.7%,30.9%,21.2%)between the two groups(χ²=0.876,P>0.05;χ²=0.252,P>0.05;χ²=1.571,P>0.05;χ²=3.323,P>0.05,respectively). The main toxic reaction during chemotherapy were dyspepsia(28.6%, 14/49), anemia(26.5%, 13/49), and leukopenia(22.5%, 11/49), all of which were mild. Conclusion S-1 single agent chemotherapy after radical reseetion of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma could effectly improve the survival of patients and all of the main toxic reaction during chemotherapy were mild.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Kindlin-2 on malignant phenotypes of human gallbladder cancer cells and discuss the mechanisms. Methods: The expression level of Kindlin-2 in 30 cases of gallbladder cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumoral tissues collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2012 and May 2013 was assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.Lentivirus-mediated Kindlin-2 overexpression was used in gallbladder cancer cell lines GBC-SD and SGC-996.Transwell assay and adhesion assay were investigated to explore the functional role of Kindlin-2 on gallbladder cancer cells.Western Blot was used to test the protein change of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) characteristics. The t-test was used to analyzed results. Results: The RNA and protein levels of Kindlin-2 in gallbladder cancer tissues were higher than in the non-tumoral tissues (t=4.372, P=0.001; t=7.477, P=0.000). The expression level of Kindlin-2 in gallbladder cancer tissues was correlated with Nevin stage(χ²=5.932, P=0.035). Compared with control groups, the cell-matrix adhesion ability of GBC-SD and SGC-996 with Kindlin-2 overexpression was obviously promoted(1.66±0.03 vs. 1.07±0.22, t=2.710, P=0.041; 2.66±0.24 vs. 1.03±0.02, t=6.610, P=0.020). The number of GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells with Kindlin-2 overexpression passing through the Transwell chamber matrix increased significantly compared with the control groups(116.1±13.9 vs. 54.7±8.4, t=3.781, P=0.019; 136.3±7.5 vs. 64.3±6.4, t=7.302, P=0.002). The wound healing rate of GBC-SD with Kindlin-2 overexpression at 12-hour and 24-hour was higher than that of the group ((42.9±2.2)% vs. (29.7±1.7)%, t=4.690, P=0.009; (65.0±2.4)% vs.(40.4±2.0)%, t=7.945, P=0.001). The wound healing rate of SGC-996 with Kindlin-2 overexpression at 12-hour and 24-hour was also higher than that of the group ((32.9±1.3)% vs. (24.1±1.5)%, t=4.518, P=0.011; (51.3±1.1)% vs. (39.2±1.1)%, t=8.001, P=0.001). The characteristics of EMT were induced in gallbladder cancer cells with Kindlin-2 overexpression, including the up-regulation of N-cadherin, Vemintin and the down-regulation of E-cadherin. Conclusion The expression of Kindlin-2 is up-regulated in gallbladder cancer tissues and Kindlin-2 promoted the malignant phenotypes of gallbladder cancer cells partially by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective To investigate the application value of choledochoscopy and imaging examination in the diagnosis and treatment of residual bile duct stones.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 618 patients who underwent choledochoscopy and imaging examination after operation of hepatolithiasis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between April 2014 and September 2018 were collected,including 300 males and 318 females,aged from 19 to 89 years,with an average age of (58 ± 12)years.Observation indicators:(1) situations of residual bile duct stones diagnosed by choledochoscopy and imaging examination;(2) stone extraction situations of patients with hepatolithiasis.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage,and analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact propability.Results (1) Situations of residual bile duct stones diagnosed by choledochoscopy and imaging examination:all the 618 patients underwent choledochoscopy,and 505 of them underwent the imaging examination before choledochoscopy.① Of patients undergoing single imaging examination,72 received ultrasonography,with false-negative rate of 29.17％ (21/72);37 received CT examination,with false-negative rate of 10.81％(4/37);33 received T-tube cholangiography,with false-negative rate of 39.39％ (13/33).② Of patients undergoing combined two imaging examinations,61 received ultrasonography + CT,with false-negative rate of 8.20％ (5/61);129 received ultrasonography + T-tube cholangiography,with false-negative rate of 12.40％ (16/129);52 received CT + T-tube cholangiography,with false-negative rate of 5.77％(3/52).③ There were 121 receiving ultrasound+CT+T-tube cholangiography,with false-negative rate of 7.44％ (9/121).There were statistically significant differences in the false-negative rates of combined two or three examinations of ultrasound + CT+ T-tube cholangiography and single imaging examination (x2=40.83,P＜0.05).The further analysis showed a statistically significant difference among the single imaging examination (x2=7.70,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference among the combined two of imaging examinations (x2=2.10,P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the combined three examinations of ultrasound +CT+T-tube cholangiography and ultrasound and T-tube cholangiography examination respectively (x2=16.23,21.62,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the combined three of imaging examinations and CT examination and combination of CT+T-tube cholangiography respectively (P＞ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the combined three of imaging examinations and combination of ultrasound+CT examinations and combination of ultrasound+T-tube cholangiography (x2=0.33,1.71,P＞0.05).Seventy-one patients without residual bile duct stone by preoperative imaging examination were detected residual bile duct stones by intraoperative choledochoscopy,and residual bile duct stones of 36,31 and 4 patients are respectively distributed around the distal common bile duct,small intrahepatic bile duct,left and right hepatic ducts,common hepatic duct and remaining common bile duct.(2) Stone extraction situations of patients with hepatolithiasis:of 618 patients,cases with 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 times of residual bile duct stones clearance were respectively 392,116,48,39,9,6,3,2,2 and 1.Residual bile duct stones clearance frequency of patients was an average of 1.73 times.There were 63.43％(392/618) and 96.28％(595/618) of patients had stone clearance with once and ≤ 4 times of stone extraction,respectively.Conclusion The negative results of preoperative imaging examinations cannot be as standards of bile duct stone clearance before choledochoscopy,and the best choice is to detect whether there are residual bile duct stones and remove the stones combined with choledochoscopy.