Platelet -derived growth factor (PDGF)is an important factor of promoting cell growth which has a physiological role ranging from DNA synthesis,cell mitosis inducement,promotion on a variety of extracellular matrix accumulation as well as impact on the cell phenotype and growth.Studies showed that PDGF played an important role in growth and proliferation of vascular and nerve.It has a significant effect on accelerating tissue repair and promoting healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that excludes coronary heart disease,hypertensive heart disease and other heart diseases,and patients with diabetes mellitus prone to cardiac structural and functional changes.Echocardiography is often the first choice of examination methods,and nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a new method to observe the changes of myocardial fibrosis and myocardial metabolism.In the treatment,need to a variety of methods to intervene,such as blood glucose control,using statin lipid -lowering drugs,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,angiotensin receptor blocking agent,beta blockers,antioxidants,and traditional Chinese medicine etc.

[Summary] Transplantation of human cell, tissue or organ is an effective means to cure completely the disease. Animal experiments and clinical studies have demonstrated that the efficacies of transplantation are obvious in the treatment of hypothyroidism. In recent years, thyroid stem cell transplantation has drawn much attention, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adult stem cells had also made progress in clinical investigations. Especially the embryonic stem cell transplantation has been used successfully in animal experiments. It provided a new perspective for clinical thyroid transplantation, but it also faces many problems to solve.

Lithium carbonate is a fundamental drug used in the management of acute mania and prophylaxis of bipolar disorders.It has been found that some patients on lithium carbonate therapy developed hypothyroidism.Therefore,this medication becomes a second-line choice for the treatment of patients with hyperthyoidism,though no standardized protocol has been approved.It remains worthwhile to investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of lithium carbonate in the management of hyperthyroidism.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of lithium carbonate on hyperthyroidism.Methods Forty-seven cases of hyperthyroidism with abnormal hepatic function and/or leucopenia were recruited from January 2010 to January 2012.Thyroid function,adverse reactions,and clinical outcome of patients treated with lithium carbonate were observed and recorded before and after treatment.Results Thyroid function,liver function,and leucopenia in all patients were improved markedly after treatment.Among the treated patients,9 cases resulted in complete remission and had the drug discontinued,11 cases received radioactive iodine therapy afterwards,6 cases underwent surgical treatment,16 cases continued to use the same drug,and 5 cases were lost during follow-up.No obvious adverse reaction appeared during the treatment.Conclusions Lithium carbonate can be effectively used in patients with hyperthyroidism complicated by leukopenia or liver damage.It is also indicated during preparation for radioactive iodine or surgical treatment in patients with thyrotoxicosis.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 213 male patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into low testosterone group (n=75) and normal testosterone group (n=138). Blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin and sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured in all patients.The correlations between the metabolic index and sex hormone levels were analyzed.Results Compared with normal testosterone group, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly increased in low testosterone group(all P<0.05)while LH, FSH, and SHBG levels were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TT was negatively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR(r=-0.142,-0.154, both P<0.05)while positively correlated with LH and FSH (r=0.157, 0.138, both P<0.05).TT level in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS) was significantly decreased (P<0.05).A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, MS, HOMA-IR, and LH were significant independent risk factors for hypogonadism.Conclusions Hypogonadism often occurs in male patients with type 2 diabetes,especially in patients with MS.BMI, HOMA-IR, LH, and MS are risk factors for hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients.

[Summary] The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of sex hormone in male patients with type 2 diabetes and complicated with non-alcoholi fattty liver disease (NAFLD),and to detect the characteristics of the metablic indexs.A total of 112 patients were enrolled and divided into NAFLD group (n =54) and non-NAFLD group (n =58).All patients were measured for waist circumference,body mass index,metablic index,sex hormone,and serum transaminase.Compared with non-NAFLD group,the levels of fasting blood glucose,2 hour postprandial blood glucose,HbA1C in NAFLD group were significantly elevated [(8.75 ± 2.58 vs 7.79 ± 1.89) mmol/L,(18.12 ± 3.95 vs 15.63 ± 3.89) mmol/L,(11.96 ±4.85 vs 10.05 ±4.15)％,all P＜0.05].In addition,total cholesterol,triglyceride,body mass index,fasting insulin,and postprandial insulin in NAFLD group were significantly elevated [(4.97± 1.02 vs4.15±0.92) mmol/L,(2.74±2.25 vs 2.01± 1.45)mmol/L,(27.34±3.93 vs 22.38±3.39) kg/m2,(9.62 ± 5.80 vs 6.18 ± 4.21) μIU/ml,(72.71 ± 109.70 vs 31.72 ± 42.27) μIU/ml,all P＜0.05];while the total testosterone and free testosterone were lowered dramatically[(14.18 ±6.39 vs 18.21 ±6.14) nmol/L,(0.32 ± ± 0.03 vs 0.39 ± 0.08) ng/dl,both P＜0.05].Male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with NAFLD are more prone to have disturbance in the lipid metabolism and had larger percentages of obesity and with lower level of testesterone.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease often occurs in patients with DN. Patients with DN often experience changes in cardiac structure and function as proteinuria increases, glomerular filtration rate decreases, and blood creatinine levels increase, leading to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, inflammatory factors play a crucial role in cardiac structure and function. Understanding the pathological and physiological effects of inflammation on diabetic nephropathy-related cardiovascular disease and clarifying the relationship between cardiac structure and function in patients with DN are crucial for effective prevention and treatment of DN.

Objective To investigate the changes of sex hormone levels in male patients with metabolic syndrome and its clinical significance.Methods From January 2012 to January 2016,a total of 186 male patients in the Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled,and they were divided into MS group(n =112) and non-MS group(n =74) according to the definition of adult metabolic syndrome.All of patients were measured blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipid,pancreas islet function and sex hormone,such as testosterone (TT),sex hormone binding globuli (SHBG),progestin (P),prolactin (PRL),luteinizing hormone (LH),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2),dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).The sex hormone level and the correlation of components of metabolic syndrome between the two groups were compared.Results Compared with those in the non-MS group,the BMI,blood pressure,lipid levels in the MS group were significantly increased,the fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,FINS HOMA-IR in the MS group were significantly increased[(8.74 ± 1.93) mmol/L vs.(7.49 ± 2.39) mmol/L,(10.86 ±2.45)％ vs.(9.09 ±2.61)％,(13.62 ± 6.37) mIU/L vs.(6.88 ±5.05)mIU/L,(5.53 ±2.28) vs.(3.24 ±1.35),t=5.76,4.49,2.47,2.81,all P ＜ 0.05],and TT,SHBG in the MS group significantly decreased [(18.95 ± 9.51) nmol/L vs.(10.10 ±2.97)nmol/L,(35.86±27.93)nmol/Lvs.(25.56±19.90)nmol/L,t=3.18,5.46,allP＜0.05].Conclusion MS was associated with hypogonadism,and the more components of metabolic syndrome,the more hypogonadism.

Objective:To investigate the clinical evaluation effects of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk assessment scale on preoperative and surgical risk of liver transplantation during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 6 liver transplant recipients who were admitted to Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA between January 20 and March 27, 2020 were collected. There were 5 males and 1 female, aged from 42.0 to 62.0 years, with a median age of 53.0 years. There were 6 donors including 5 males and 1 female, aged from 24.0 to 60.0 years, with a median age of 41.5 years. All the donor livers were obtained through the China Organ Transplant Response System. Liver transplantation was performed in the fixed negative pressure operating room, and secondary protective measures were adopted for low-risk donors. Classic orthotopic liver transplantation or Piggyback liver transplantation was performed according to the specific situations of the recipients. Medical staffs in the ward were exposed to the secondary protective measures, and the three-grade protective measures were adopted for medical staffs when the liver transplant recipients had fever or suspected infection. Observation indicators: (1) risk assessment of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients; (2) risk assessment of COVID-19 on medical staffs of liver transplantation; (3) treatment situations of liver transplant recipients; (4) postoperative situations of liver transplant recipients; (5) follow-up of liver transplant recipients; (6) infection of medical staffs of liver transplantation. Follow-up was performed using outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect whether liver transplant recipients had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection up to March 2020. Medical staffs who were involved in organ acquisition, transplantation surgery and ward management were followed up to detect whether they had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection within 14 days. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Risk assessment of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: all the 6 recipients and their related families were confirmed no contact with suspected COVID-19 patients or travel history in the epidemic area within 14 days. Of the 6 recipients, 1 was diagnosed with fever with body temperature of 38.1 ℃ and was tested negative for chest computer tomography (CT) examination and nucleic acid test for COVID-19; 1 was diagnosed with fever and hypoxemia with body temperature of 38.5 ℃ and was tested negative for nucleic acid test for COVID-19, and the results of chest CT examination showed large amount of pleural effusion in both lungs without invasive pneumonia; other 4 recipients had no clinical symptoms of COVID-19 with negative results of chest CT examination and nucleic acid test for COVID-19. Five of the 6 recipients had no history of contact with COVID-19 patients and 1 recipient had treatment history at hospital of risk level 1. The preoperative risk level of COVID-19 was low in all the 6 liver transplant recipients. (2) Risk assessment of COVID-19 on medical staffs of liver transplantation: of the 6 recipients, 5 had the waiting hospital of risk level 0 and 1 had the waiting hospital of risk level 1. Six recipients had the transplant hospital of risk level 0. (3) Treatment situations of liver transplant recipients: of the 6 recipients, 2 underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation and 4 underwent piggyback liver transplantation. The cold ischemia time of liver, time of anhepatic phase, volume of intraoperative blood loss, operation time, treatment time at intensive care unit of the 6 recipients were (5.9±2.4)hours, (49±14)minutes, 1 500 mL(range, 800-1 800 mL), (8.9±2.1)hours, 2 days(range, 1-4 days), respectively. Of the 6 recipients, 2 required adjustment of the immunosuppression program, and 4 did not change the immunosuppression program. (4) Postoperative situations of liver transplant recipients: of the 6 recipients, 5 had no postoperative serious infection and 1 had postoperative serious infection. The 5 recipients without postoperative serious infection had the range of the highest temperature as 37.8-38.5 ℃, and returned to normal temperature within postoperative 3 days. All of the 5 recipients who had no postoperative serious infection received chest CT examination with no obvious manifestation of viral pneumonia and were tested negative for nucleic acid test for COVID-19 at 1 week postoperatively, and then were discharged from hospital. One recipient who had postoperative serious infection had gastrointestinal fistula and repeated fever at postoperative 7 days with the highest temperature as 39.2 ℃. This recipient had body temperature returned to normal and good function of the graft after treatment in the isolation ward with active drainage, and was transferred back to local hospital for further rehabilitation treatment. The duration of hospital stay of the 6 recipients were 30 days(range, 15-74 days). (5) Follow-up of liver transplant recipients: all the 6 recipients were followed up for 31.5 days(range, 12.0-64.0 days) with the normal body temperature, and they had negative results of viral pneumonia for chest CT examination and nucleic acid test for COVID-19. (6) Infection of medical staffs of liver transplantation: surgeons, nurses, anesthetists, medical staffs at ICU and medical staffs at liver transplantation center who participated in liver transplantation had good health within postoperative 14 days, without suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection.Conclusions:The COVID-19 risk assessment scale has good safety for liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 outbreak. It is suggested that organ transplantation can be carried out in low-risk recipients and cautiously carried out in recipients of uncertain risk, but organ transplantation should not be carried out in high-risk recipients.