Objective To compare the efficacy between bronchial sleeve resection and bronchial wedge resection in the treatment of lung cancers.Methods The clinic datas of bronchial sleeve resection in 38 cases and bronchial wedge resection in 24 cases were analyzed,comparing the incindence of the fistulas on the anastomotic sites,early death,carcinoma cells on the bronchial edges,cancer recurrence on the anastomotic sites and survival rates between two groups.Results In the group of the bronchial sleeve resection,2 cases underwent the fistulas on the anastomotic sites,3 cases suffered death in the early period,2 cases residued carcinoma cells on the bronchial edges,1 case had scar hyperplasia on the anastomotic sites,1 case had cancers recurrence on the anastomotic sites.1 year,3 years,5 years survival rates were respectively 87.5%(28/32),60%(15/25),40%(4/10).In the group of the bronchial wedge resection,no cases underwent the fistulas on the anastomotic sites,2 cases suffered death in the early period,5 cases residued carcinoma cell on the bronchial edges,4 cases found scar hyperplasia on the anastomotic sites,3 cases having cancer recurrence on the anastomotic sites.1 year,3 years,5 years survival rates were respectively 85.7%(18/21),53.3%(8/15),42.9%(3/7).Conclusion Compared with bronchial sleeve resection in the treatment of lung cancers,the bronchial wedge resection increases the incindence of carcinoma cell on the bronchial edges and cancer recurrence on the anastomotic sites,but there is no difference in survival rate between them.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) to improve the understanding of the disease.Methods Twenty patients with 22q11.2 DS were enrolled from Children's Hospital of Fudan University between August 2008 and April 2014.Cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods included fluorescence in situ hybridization (10 cases),and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (10 cases).Age at the time of the diagnosis,sex and clinical manifestations were analyzed.Results The subject group consisted of 20 patients.Among them,13 cases (65％) were male and 7 cases (35％) were female.The median diagnostic age was 3.9 months.The presence of congenital heart diseases was identified in 17 patients (85％) and surgical correction was performed in 9 cases of them.The most frequent of complex congenital heart diseases were tetralogy of Fallot (20％) and pulmonary atresia (20％).Ten patients had varying degrees of T-cell immune function defects.Decrease in total lymphocytes and only CD8 counts were present in 45％ and 5％,respectively.Hypogammaglobulinemia was not detected in any patient.Six eases with T-cell immune function defects were treated with thymosin,4 of which were followed up for months,and the prognosis was good.Hypocalcemia was detected in 6 patients (30％),3 of whom presented with hypocalcemic seizures and hypoparathyroidism.Craniofacial dysmorphisms were detected in 3 patients(15％),2 of them only presented with micrognathia.Otorhinolaryngologic abnormalities were found in 4 cases (20％),3 of whom had laryngeal abnormalities,one of whom had cleft palate.Psychomotor developmental delay was found in 9 cases.Conclusions Congenital heart defects,hypocalcemia and/or impaired immune function are diagnostic features for 22q1 1.2 deletion syndrome,and they should be considered for cytogenetic analysis.

Nitriles are an important type of synthetic intermediates in the production of fine chemicals because of their easy preparations and versatile transformations. The traditional chemical conversion of nitriles to carboxylic acids and amides is feasible but it requires relatively harsh conditions of heat, acid or alkali. Nitrile converting enzymes (nitrilase, nitrile hydratase and amidase) which are used as biocatalyst for the production of fine chemicals have attracted substantial interest because of their ability to convert readily available nitriles into the corresponding higher value amides or acids under mild conditions with excellent chemo-, regio- and stereo-selectivities. Many nitrile converting enzymes have been explored and widely used for the production of fine chemicals. In this paper, various examples of biocatalytic synthesis of pharmaceuticals and their intermediates, agrochemicals and their intermediates, food and feed additives, and other fine chemicals are presented. In the near future, an increasing number of novel nitrile converting enzymes will be screened and their potential in the production of useful fine chemicals will be further exploited.
Amides ; metabolism ; Amidohydrolases ; metabolism ; Aminohydrolases ; metabolism ; Carboxylic Acids ; metabolism ; Chemical Industry ; methods ; Hydro-Lyases ; metabolism ; Nitriles ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the main cell types expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the posterior cortical infarction area in cerebral infarction rats after early vein allograft of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and the effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on their ce11 numbers and percentages.Methods (1) Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group 1,ischemia control group 1,and BM-MSCs transplantation group 1 (n=5);distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCA) models were used in the later two groups;1 × 106 CM-DiI labeled BM-MSCs were intravascularly transplanted into the tail vein of rats from the transplantation group 1 at one h after ischemia;all rats were sacrificed 48 h after ischemia;BM-MSCs with co-existence of CM-Dil and BDNF in the ischemia cortex areas were detected by immunofluorescence staining.(2)Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group 2,ischemia control group 2,and BM-MSCs transplantation group 2 (n=5);dMCAO models were used in the later two groups;1 ×106 non-labeled BM-MSCs were intravascularly transplanted into the tail vein of rats from the transplantation group 2 at one h after ischemia;48 h after ischemia onset,all rats were sacrificed;the number of BDNF+ and CD68+ microglia cells,BDNF+ and Iba-1+ microglia cells,and BDNF+ and neuron-specific nucleoprotein (NeuN)+ neurons were measured by immunofluorescence staining.Results (1) CM-Dil red fluorescence labeled allogeneic BM-MSCs were only found in BM-MSCs transplantation group 1;the labeled cells scattered in the infarct and peri-infarct cortices;9.70％±3.47％ CM-Dil labeled BM-MSCs expressed BDNF,accounting for 13.32％±4.48％ of all BDNF+ cells in the infarct brain cortex.(2) In the brain tissues of cortex infarct area of BM-MSCs transplantation group 2,38.40％±9.04％ BDNF+ cells were Iba-1+ microglia cells,11.65％±2.76％ BDNF+ cells were CD68+ microglia cells,and 28.96％±6.99％ BDNF+ cells were NeuN+ neurons;the Iba-1+ cell numbers and Iba-1+/BDNF+ double positive cell percentages in the BM-MSCs transplantation group 2 ([92.06±36.52]/mm2 and 79.21％±12.27％) were significantly increased as compared with those in the ischemia control group 2 ([31.13±10.23] mm2 and 60.15％±28.20％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Allogeneic BM-MSCs is capable of migrating into the infarct cortex when intravenous transplantation of BM-MSCs is performed at the early stage after ischemia;the main sources of BDNF in these areas are microglias cells and neurons;these BM-MSCs increase both number and percentage of Iba-1+/BDNF+ double positive cells,which may be one of the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects.

Objective To evaluate the specific antibody-producing capacity of locally infiltrating B lymphocytes in lesions of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV).Methods Totally,35 patients with PV and 22 healthy controls were enrolled into this study.Skin tissues were resected from blisters or erosions of the patients with PV,and from normal skin of healthy controls.Then,mononuclear cells were isolated from these skin tissues.Flow cytometry was performed to determine the percentages of lymphocytes,CD 19+ B lymphocytes,and desmoglein (Dsg)1-and Dsg3-specific CD19+ B lymphocytes.B lymphocytes isolated from the lesional skin of patients with PV were cultured in vitro.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine titers of anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies in the cell culture supernatant.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to calculate positive rates of anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies.Results The percentages of lymphocytes (17.95％ ± 3.85％) and CD19+ B lymphocytes (4.27％ ± 1.13％) were significantly higher in the lesional skin of PV patients than in the normal skin of healthy controls (7.83％ ± 1.29％,0.61％ ± 0.31％ respectively;t =2.49,U =13.00 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).Among the CD19+ B lymphocytes in the lesional skin of PV patients,the percentage of CD19qgG+ B cells was (38.33 ± 5.56)％,and percentages of Dsg1-and Dsg3-specific CD19+ B lymphocytes were 12.87％ ± 1.267％ and 10.42％ ± 1.243％ respectively.After the in vitro culture for 6 days,the titers of anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies in the cell culture supematant were (4.89 ± 1.56) U/ml and (35.45 ± 13.03) U/ml respectively,with their positive rates being 85％ (17/20)and 95％ (19/20) respectively.Conclusion There are Dsg1-and Dsg3-specific B lymphocytes aggregating in the lesional skin of patients with PV,which can produce anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies after in vitro culture.

Objective To present and discuss beam characteristics of the first Mevion S250i gantry-mounted accelerator pencil beam scanning proton therapy system in China.Methods The output dose was measured using a parallel-plate ionization chamber.The integrated depth dose was measured with a large-radius Bragg peak ionization chamber,covering 19 energy levels ranging from 227 MeV to 28 MeV,to analyze the proton beam characteristics.The spots in the air were measured with Phoenix flat panel detector on the beam central axis,and the precision of the delivery position was verified by measuring the multi-spot beam map.The interleaf leakage and penumbra reduction of adaptive aperture were measured to characterize its performance.Results The proton system was calibrated for a maximum energy of 227 MeV,with a(10×10)cm2uniform field delivering 1 Gy dose at a depth of 5 cm underwater.The system effectively modulated the proton beam range to the patient's surface,maintaining a constant 80%-80%Bragg peak width of 8.6 mm at all energy levels.The spot size of the highest energy beam at the isocenter was about 4 mm in the air,and the spot delivery position error was less than 1 mm.The interleaf leakage rate of the adaptive aperture for the highest energy beam was below 1.5%,and the penumbra was significantly reduced.Conclusion Mevion S250i proton therapy system demonstrates unique design and beam characteristics,which is reflected in the Bragg peak shape,spot size variation with energy,and penumbra sharpening of adaptive aperture;and these differences should be considered in treatment planning system modeling and planning for precision treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application value of the adaptive aperture by comparing intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy(IMPT) plans using and not using the aperture for brain tumors.Methods:A total of twenty patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy for brain tumors were enrolled in this study. IMPT plans were developed for each patient using and not using the adaptive aperture under the same optimization conditions. The target conformal index (CI) value, target homogeneity index (HI) value, and the dose to normal tissues of the two sets of plans were compared.Results:The IMPT plans designed using the adaptive aperture significantly increased the mean CI value from 0.58 to 0.66, while decreasing the mean 50% prescription dose volume from 797.70 cm 3 to 638.15 cm 3. These plans also reduced the irradiation doses to the cochlea, brainstem, optic chiasm, optic nerve, and lens ( t = 2.06, 3.02, 2.11, 2.58, 2.67, P < 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the HI value of the target volumes and the machine jumps (MU) between the two sets of plans ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The adaptive aperture can significantly reduce the irradiation dose to normal tissues outside the target volumes, positively impacting the protection of organs at risk (OARs) around the target values. This demonstrates its great potential for clinical application.