Over the past years,the non-surgical treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer was chemotherapy,whereas the role of radiotherapy was controversial.With the development of precise radiotherapy techniques,radiotherapy has become one of the main treatments.In addition,brachytherapy radioactive seed implantation provides a new treatment method for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.However,there are no criteria about the optimum technology,dose and concurrently chemotherapy drugs,which need further clinical research.

Radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy have been alternative treatments of early rectal carcinoma resection.Compared with radical surgery,both radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy can get satisfactory effect,and prevent the high rate of complications and adverse reactions,which will improve the quality of life for patients with rectal carcinoma and should be recommended.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been used as a standard treatment for patients with locally advanced (T2 and T3 ) rectal carcinoma. Some patients who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy obtain pathological complete remission, namely, the absence of any tumor cells in the surgical specimens. The patients who obtain pathological complete remission get a better survival rate after canceling operation. Researches are still needed to investigate whether it is safe for patients in order to avoid risk and adverse reaction.