Objective: To determine the usability of a smartphone application (ImageMeter) by ENT surgeons for pre-operative photographic analysis of facial angles for rhinoplasty using the USE questionnaire. 

Methods:

Design:           Post-Test Only Non-Experimental Evaluation Study

Setting:           Tertiary Private Training Hospital Outpatient Clinic

Participants: Twenty-five (25) ENT residents and consultants

Results: Of 45 ENT surgeons invited, 25 ENT residents and consultants (16 males, 9 females) aged 28 to 52-years-old (mean age 36 years old) trialed the use of the Image Meter application in measuring the naso-facial, naso-frontal, and naso-labial angles of pre-selected lateral images of 10 volunteers and completed our survey.  The usability of the application was measured using the USE questionnaire, through usefulness (Cronbach ? = 0.99), ease of use (? = 0.85), ease of learning (? = 0.66), and satisfaction (?= 0.69).  On a scale of 1-7, results showed that for the ENT surgeons surveyed, the app was generally useful (M = 6.10, SD = 0.73), easy to use (M = 6.13, SD = 0.63), easy to learn (M = 6.31, SD = 0.62) and satisfactory (M = 6.06, SD = 0.7).  As for overall outcome, the ENT surgeons found the application usable (M = 6.15, SD = 0.11).

Conclusion: When applied to human facial analysis, the ImageMeter measurement of angles feature may be a usable tool for ENT surgeons in the pre-operative evaluation of patients undergoing rhinoplasty.  Based on USE questionnaire responses, it is easy to use, quick to learn, useful, and satisfactory in the preoperative measurement of facial angles. 

Keywords: imageMeter; photography; esthetic; rhinoplasty; face; anthropometry

Human ; Photography ; Rhinoplasty ; Face ; Anthropometry

Background and Objective: The pandemic acted as an accelerator for the development of online teaching formats in anatomy and histology worldwide. The authors introduce a bridging program that reinforces the knowledge and understanding of gross and correlative anatomy and histology acquired in a virtual environment in preparation for its future clinical application. The study aims to evaluate the Learning Enhancement in Anatomy Program (LEAP) conducted among first-year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to determine the initial experience of implementing a learning enhancement program and assess areas for its improvement. An internally validated questionnaire was given to students after the program to gauge students’ reactions (Kirkpatrick Level 1 evaluation). Pre- and post-tests were administered to evaluate knowledge acquisition (Kirkpatrick Level 2 evaluation). Short-term behavioral peer evaluation (Kirkpatrick Level 3 evaluation) was also instituted. Results: One hundred fifty-two (152) students participated in the study. General reactions from students to the LEAP were consistently positive, with a steady majority of the students rating ‘5’ or a ‘Strongly Agree’ to positive statements regarding the program. Higher ratings for more traditional teaching methods, such as cadavers, formalinized specimens, and bones, compared to virtual systems were apparent. However, inter-student variation in preference for teaching modalities was observed. All stations of the LEAP were evaluated satisfactorily, with most gross anatomy stations rated higher than histology stations. A significant increase was noted in the total post-test scores compared to pre-test scores. This improvement in test scores was observed in the anatomy and histology subcategories and in six of the seven organ system modules. Perceived behavioral outcomes were also generally positive. Conclusion The LEAP is a worthwhile endeavor, garnering overwhelmingly positive reactions and a significant improvement in test scores. Future studies are necessary to fine-tune teaching and training in a blended learning environment.
Anatomy ; COVID-19 ; Education, Medical ; Program Evaluation