In order to obtain higher L-lactic acid yield industrial strain, the original strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of N+ ions implantation and a mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was obtained. Its lactic acid yield was increased by 75% than that of the original one. The acid producing condition was optimized by orthogonal design. The concentration of L-lactic acid reached to 131～136g/L and the conversion rate of glucose was as high as 86%～90% under the optimum condition.

Objective To establish a mouse model of systemic C. albicans infection by oral inoculation of the pathogen and observe the proliferation and distribution of C. albicans in vivo tissues. Methods Male ICR mice(n=46) were used as the experiment group(n=40) and blank group (n=6). Cotton swabs with C. albicans were used to infect the mice (7 × 106 CFU/mL), and the blank group with saline. The mice of the experiment group were randomly divided into two groups:model group A for clinical assessment (n=20) and model group B for tissue fungal burden detection (n=20). Clinical score, survival and autopsy were carried out among the model group A. Five mice were randomly killed from the model group B at 3 d, 5 d and7 d after infection, respectively ( blank group killed 2 mice each time) . Microbial load tablet method was used to detect the tissue fungal burdens in different tissues, meanwhile samples of tongue, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidney, lung of infected mice were taken for pathological examination. Results White spot appeared on the surface of tongue since 3 d postinfection and increased with time and finally caused death. The mortality reached over 50% at 5 d. C. albicans was not only detected from the tongue (87?5%), stomach (87?5%), liver (54?5%), kidney (50?5%), lung (20%) and heart (4%), but also was microscopically seen mycelia proliferation in the tongue, stomach, liver, and kidney , yet not seen in the control group, showing that C. albicans caused disseminated systemic infection through mucosal infection in mice. Conclusions C. albicans can induce opportunistic systemic infection by breakthrough the mucosal immune barrier, so as to increase the infection to death.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of the Harmonic scalpel (HS)dissection compared with general electricoagulation(EC) in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Methods In this nonrandomized prospective study，82 patients between May 2002 and December 2006 underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resection.Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(4)，left hemicolectomy(5)，sigmoidectomy(25)，or low anterior resection(48)were randomized to either electricoagulation or Harmonic scalpel dissection.The data for conversion to open surgery，operative time，blood loss，clips，complication rate，and hospital stay were compared.Results Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in HS(180.6 ml)versus EC(229.6 ml)(P＜0.05).The number of clips was less in HS(2.3)versus EC(5.1)(P＜0.05).No differences were observed in postoperative time to recover bowl function and postoperative hospital stay.Postoperative complication rates in HS (2.3％)was significantly less as compared to EC(10.5％)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic colorectal surgery can redues intraoperative blood loss，completes majority of laparoscopic procedures，and is technically easy，feasible，reliable.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of the Harmonic scalpel (HS)dissection compared with general electricoagulation(EC) in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Methods In this nonrandomized prospective study，82 patients between May 2002 and December 2006 underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resection.Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(4)，left hemicolectomy(5)，sigmoidectomy(25)，or low anterior resection(48)were randomized to either electricoagulation or Harmonic scalpel dissection.The data for conversion to open surgery，operative time，blood loss，clips，complication rate，and hospital stay were compared.Results Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in HS(180.6 ml)versus EC(229.6 ml)(P＜0.05).The number of clips was less in HS(2.3)versus EC(5.1)(P＜0.05).No differences were observed in postoperative time to recover bowl function and postoperative hospital stay.Postoperative complication rates in HS (2.3％)was significantly less as compared to EC(10.5％)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic colorectal surgery can redues intraoperative blood loss，completes majority of laparoscopic procedures，and is technically easy，feasible，reliable.

Safety on vaccine issues has been under greater concern.Epidemiologically,classical study designs on investigating the association between a rare adverse event and vaccine inoculation usually confronted with lower feasibility in practice.Self-controlled case series (SCCS) method was derived from cohort studies.The key advantage of this method is that it only uses data related to cases and trying to find relative incidence of events in the ‘ at risk' periods relative to the ‘ controlled' periods.A further benefit of this method is that all the fixed confounders are controlled implicitly,by self-control,thus provides high statistic powers.With these advantages,SCCS is suitable for the causality assessment on rare but severe adverse events caused by immunization,which has been widely used,abroad.However,the methodology of SCCS is still being developed,and the areas in use have been expanded to the studies related to the safety and effectiveness of drugs,efficacy of vaccines as well as risk factors of disease.

Ischemic stroke is a neurological disease that damages brain tissue as a result of an insufficient blood supply to the brain,due to blockage or stenosis of the brain vessels.Increasing evidence has indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathophysiological response to the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.Programmed cell death includes many forms,such as apoptosis,necrotic apoptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,PANoptosis,and ferroptosis.In this review,we elucidate the characteristics of these different modes of cell death and their cross-talk relationships with each other,and systematically outline the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the intervention of different cell death modes in ischemic stroke,with the aim of providing references for future clinical and basic research studies.

The current status of exoskeletons was introduced in enhancing individual soldier's battlefield rescue capabilities,promoting the integrated use of battlefield rescue equipment,protecting medical personnel on the battlefield and assisting injured soldiers in rehabilitation training.The challenges of exoskeletons faced in human-machine interaction,power supply endurance,heavy overall structure,restricted movement and high cost were analyzed when applied to medical service support,and some suggestions were proposed accordingly including enhancing technology research and development,integrated application,communication and cooperation and personnel training.References were provided for the application of exoskeletons in China's medical service support.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):71-75]

Objective To assess the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),weight gain during pregnancy,and the risk of neonatal asphyxia.Methods Data was collected in 6 counties/cities covered by Peri-natal Health Care Surveillance System which was part of a Sino-American cooperative project on neural tube defects prevention established in 1992.The study population consisted of 83 030 women who attended premarital/preconception medical physical examination program and had delivered single live birth with at least 20 gestational weeks from 1995 to 2000 in Jiaxing area,Zhejiang province.Results from the Chi-square test were employed to test the differences in the rates of neonatal asphyxia between groups with different BMI and other characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression method was conducted to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI,gestational weight gain,and the risk of asphyxia.Results The average rate of neonatal asphyxia was 11.3%(95% CI:11.1%-11.6%).The rates of neonatal asphyxia among women with BMI＜18.5 kg/m2,18.5-22.9 kg/m2,23.0-24.9 kg/m2,and≥25.0 kg/m2 were 11.0%(95% CI:10.5%-11.5%),11.3%(95% CI:11.1%-11.6%),11.8%(95% CI:11.0%-12.6%),and 12.9%(95% CI:11.6%-14.4%)respectively.The rates of neonatal asphyxia were 12.4% among women with weight gain＜0.3 kg/wk.higher than women with higher weight gain.After adjusting for residencial area,maternal age,educational level,occupation,parity,times of prenatal visit,high-risk experiences during pregnancy,high-risk experiences at time of delivery,gestational week and birth weight,the estimated ORs were 1.03(95% CI:0.97-1.09),1.06(95% CI:0.96-1.16)and 1.14(95% CI:1.00-1.31),respectively.These ORs became 1.02(95% CI:0.95-1.09),1.01(95% CI:0.90-1.13)and 1.08(95% CI:0.92-1.28)after further adjusting the variable "gestational weight gain".The estimated ORs for neonatal asphyxia were 1.06(95% CI:1.01-1.12)for women with weight gain at 0.3-kg/wk and 1.09(95% CI:1.02-1.20)for women with weight gain＜0.3 kg/wk when compared to those with weight gain≥0.5 kg/wk.Conclusion Lower weight gain seemed to have the effect of increasing the risk of neonatal asphyxia.

OBJECTIVETo describe the distribution of reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1)genotype and allele frequency between southern and northern, female and male Chinese population.

METHODRFC1 (A80G) genotype was detected, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) on 720 blood spot DNA from the normal subjects.

RESULTSThe frequencies of the northern population with AA, GG and GA genotypes were 22.28%, 31.09% and 46.63%, and the frequencies of the southern population were 18.56%, 22.75% and 58.68%, respectively. Findings showed that there were significant differences between southerners and northerners in RFC1 (A80G) genotype (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between G allele frequency of the northern (52.10%) and southern population (54.40%). The frequencies of male with RFC1 (A80G) AA, GG and GA genotype were 24.88%, 25.85% and 49.27%, and among female were 18.83%, 27.77% and 53.40%, respectively. There were no significant differences between male and female in RFC1 genotype (P > 0.05), or between G allele frequency in female (50.49%) and that in male (54.47%).

CONCLUSIONSThe distribution of RFC1 genotype seemed to be consistent with neural tube defects (NTDs) while its prevalence among the northerners was higher than that of southerners, with female having a higher NTDs prevalence. This study provided genetic epidemiological data for etiological hypothesis between RFC1 and diseases relative to folate metabolism.

Alleles ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Folic Acid ; metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Mutation ; genetics ; Neural Tube Defects ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Dentate Gyrus ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation ; Swine