Acupuncture is widely used as an alternative therapy with few side effects because of its simple manipulation and low cost. However, accidents may occur if the practitioner uses it improperly. Early in the Qin dynasty, the Canon of Medicine mentioned that improper use of acupuncture could cause injury to the body and even death, and it systematically described the occurrence and prevention of acupuncture accidents. Physicians in the successive dynasties frequently reported it, and realized that the manipulation skills were significantly important in preventing the occurrence of acupuncture accidents. Since the 1950s, acupuncture accidents had been effectively prevented because of the improving of acupuncture instruments, enhancing of the quality of the practitioners, popularizing of sterilization and disseminating of anatomic knowledge. Nevertheless, with the renovating of acupuncture techniques, new accidents may occur constantly. The prevention of acupuncture accidents still should be an arduous task for acupuncturists. Nowadays, acupuncture therapy is being used in more than 140 countries, and acupuncture accidents due to improper application are increasing. Prevention of acupuncture accidents has become a global issue deserving of great attention.

Moxibustion is an important invention of the Chinese nation, which originated as early as in the clan commune period of the primitive society. The literature records on moxibustion can be traced back to the Warring States Period (475 B.C. to 221 B.C.). Doctors through the ages made considerable progress and published a great number of books on moxibustion. Moxibustion has been applied in treating a great range of diseases. Since the 1950s, the treatment scope of moxibustion has been expanded, and the therapeutic methods of moxibustion are becoming increasingly rich and varied, and great progress in research on the mechanism of moxibustion has been made. Moxibustion was once popular in Europe after its dissemination to the West in the seventeenth century, and the practitioners invented some new methods of moxibustion. Japan is the country in the West where fruitful efforts have been made in research on moxibustion. In modern times, moxibustion has been used for health protection, and the scientists are paying great attention to the experimental research on moxibustion.

Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Eye ; blood supply ; Eye Diseases ; therapy ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Male

Objective　To probe the relationship of differentiation degree with spread or survival prognosis in retinoblastoma　(RB).　Methods　Clinical data, follow up status and eyeball specimens in 156 RB cases were investigated retrospectively. The tumors were divided into differentiated and undifferentiated groups.Conditions of the tumor invasion of ocular or surrounding tissues were reviewed. The fatality rate was obtained from the follow-up materials of 82 cases of RB. The fatality rate and the invasion rate between the two types were compared statistically by Chi-square test. In addition, the relation between the tumor invasion and death ,and the average survival time for dead people after surgery were explored.　Results　Local invasion of tumor cell was found in 8　eyes among 17 eyes with differentiated RB (47.06%),and in 66 eyes among 139 eyes with undifferentiated RB　(47.48%).There was no significant difference with regards to the local invasion between the two types (P>0．05). The fatality rate of cases of differentiated RB was 27.27%,and 22.54% in undifferentiated RB, and there was no statistical difference between the two types .The fatality rate for patients with orbital and scleral extension was 100%,optic nerve invasion (grade Ⅳ) was 62.50%,and uveal invasion was 22.22%.The survival time for the dead victims were from 5 months to 41 months and averaged to 21.92 months.　Conclusion　There was no significant difference both in survival prognosis and local invasion between the two types. The survival prognosis of metastatic RB was dependent on the degree of spread and the efforts of treatment and regardless of the types of differentiation of RB cells.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qiyao Xiaoke Capsule(Capsule for Diabetes) on the diabetes type Ⅱ.Methods Totally 240 diabetes type Ⅱ patients were randomized into a treatment group(n=150),and a control group(n=90);and other 30 diabetes patients who didn't regularly take hypoglycemic drugs were set as opening group.The treatment group was administered Qiyao Xiaoke Capsule plus Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets,while the control group was prescribed Xiaokeling Capsule in addition to Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets,and the opening group was given Qiyao Xiaoke Capsule only,with a leading period of two weeks.The patients were treated for 4 weeks.Before treatment and at the end of the 4 weeks' treatment,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hours postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) of all groups were determined,and scores of TCM syndromes and symptoms were observed to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 74.67%,of the control group 72.22%,and in the opening group 70.00%.Except for the 2hPG of the opening group,the FBG,2hPG and HbA1c of 3 groups were decreased(P

s Objective To observe the enhancement of sensitivity of human gastric cancer cell MKN-74 to anticancer drugs by administration of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-CdR)and trichostatin A(TSA)with anticancer drugs.Methods Growth inhibition of MKN-74 with treatment of 5-Aza-CdR and/or TSA together with anticancer drugs,including fluorouracil(5-FU),paclitaxel(PTX),oxaliplatin(OXA),SN38 or gemcitabine(GEM),was detected by MTT method.Induction of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Expressions of p21,caspase3,Rb and p16 gene were studied by RT-PCR.The gray scale of the genes was analyzed by gel analysis software Bandscan 4.3,and the ratio of gray scale of targeted genes and GAPDH gene were calculated.Results Compared with 5-Aza-CdR alone,combined administration of 5-Aza-CdR and TSA enhanced the chemosensitivity of MKN-74 to 5-FU,PTX,OXA and GEM.Compared with TSA alone,the combined administration enhanced its osensitivity to OXA and GEM.The apoptosis rates in MKN-74 cells in TSA+OXA group,5-Aza-CdR+OXA group and 5-Aza-CdR+TSA+OXA group were 28.067%,25.333% and 38.367%,respectively(P

Objective: To investigate the expression of survivin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyze its relationship with clinic opathological features and the expression of p53. Methods: The expression of survivin and p53 in 61 cases of NSCLC were detected by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against human survivin protein and P53, respectively. Results: The expression of survivin in NSCLC could be detected in cytoplasm and/or in nucleus. The overall immunoreactivity was found in 77.0% (47/61) of tumors. Cytoplasmic, nuclear and both immunoreactivities were present in 26.2% (16/61), 8.2% (5/61) and 42.62%(26/61) respectively. The cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivities in squamous cell carcinoma (57.6%, 19/33) were higher than that in adenocarcinoma (25%, 7/28) and there was significant difference (P

The inhibition of pulmonary metastasis by inhalation of aerosolized recombinant 1L-2 (rIL-2) in BCG-primed mice is reported in this paper . (TA2 x 615) Fl mice were given ip BCG twice in two-week apart.Right after the second BCG injection, MA891 cells, a murine mammary adenocarcinoma of TA2 origin, were injected into the tail vein.Treatment with aerosolized rIL -2 by inhalation was given for 1 hr, 3 times a day and lasted for 14 days. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the lavage fluid was examined for nitric oxide content. The number of tumor nodules on the lung surface was recorded as a measure of the extent of pulmonary metastasis. The results showed that in mice so treated, pulmonary metastasis was very significantly inhibited. When rIL-2 treatment was given in BCG-unprimed mice, inhibition of pulmonary metastasis was also observed albeit to a much lesser extent. Significant inhibition of lung metastasis was associated with significant increase in nitric oxide content in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, when nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG monomethyl-L-arginine (7mg/kg) was given ip shortly before each inhalation of rIL-2, accompanied with a significant reduction of nitric oxide in the lavage fluid, the inhibitory effect of rIL-2 in both BCG-primed and -unprimed mice was almost completely abrogated. Taken together, the results clearly indicate that pulmonary metastasis can be effectively treated by the induction of endogenous release of nitric oxide from activated alveolar macrophages.

China ; Environmental Exposure ; prevention & control ; standards ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; standards ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Workplace ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards

To explore the feasibility and new teaching mode on bilingual teaching in stomatoloy,we carried out bilingual teaching in prothodontics among the four-year Bachelor degree students.Questionnaires about the understanding and evaluation of bilingual teaching were answered after the class.The study provided an important evidence for improving the quality of bilingual teaching in Stomatoloy.