Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

With wide applications of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques,as well as immu-nosuppressors clinically,the morbidity of invasive pulmonary fungal infections( IPFIs)in children were in-creasing considerably and becoming one of the important diseases threat to life. The mortality of IPFIs in chil-dren would be reduced and the prognosis would be improved significantly with early diagnosis and treatment in-time. Radiological examinations were the basal component of the clinical evidences for diagnosing IPFIs. The main presentations include pulmonary nodules,some with“halo sign”in invasive pulmonary aspergillo-sis and pulmonary candidiasis,lobular consolidations and a little pleural effusion. Although there was no spe-cific findings radiologically,they would provide the proofs and clues for diagnosis of IPFIs combining with the data of clinics and laboratory.

Objective To study the advances in research of breast cancer during pregnancy. Methods The literatures in recent years were reviewed. Results A lot of evidences suggested that the diagnosis may be delayed easily. The diagnosis was primarily made by needle aspiration cytology and biopsy. The treatment of pregnant breast cancer was not different from ordinary breast cancer, however the factor of foetus should be taken into account. Termination of pregnancy did not improve survival.Conclusion Pregnant breast cancer is mostly at later stage at the time of diagnosis and has poorer prognosis than ordinary breast cancer. The patients with breast cancer during pregnancy usually have an equivalent survival rate when compared with age and stage-matched ordinary group. Future pregnancy may be allowed after two years of treatment in patients with early breast cancer.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

The inhibition of pulmonary metastasis by inhalation of aerosolized recombinant 1L-2 (rIL-2) in BCG-primed mice is reported in this paper . (TA2 x 615) Fl mice were given ip BCG twice in two-week apart.Right after the second BCG injection, MA891 cells, a murine mammary adenocarcinoma of TA2 origin, were injected into the tail vein.Treatment with aerosolized rIL -2 by inhalation was given for 1 hr, 3 times a day and lasted for 14 days. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the lavage fluid was examined for nitric oxide content. The number of tumor nodules on the lung surface was recorded as a measure of the extent of pulmonary metastasis. The results showed that in mice so treated, pulmonary metastasis was very significantly inhibited. When rIL-2 treatment was given in BCG-unprimed mice, inhibition of pulmonary metastasis was also observed albeit to a much lesser extent. Significant inhibition of lung metastasis was associated with significant increase in nitric oxide content in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, when nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG monomethyl-L-arginine (7mg/kg) was given ip shortly before each inhalation of rIL-2, accompanied with a significant reduction of nitric oxide in the lavage fluid, the inhibitory effect of rIL-2 in both BCG-primed and -unprimed mice was almost completely abrogated. Taken together, the results clearly indicate that pulmonary metastasis can be effectively treated by the induction of endogenous release of nitric oxide from activated alveolar macrophages.

Objective To investigate the value of prenatal ultrasound in diagnosing fetal persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) and structural malformations.Methods From April 2007 to August 2011,38 827 pregnant women in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University accepted ultrasound examination,among which 109 fetuses were found PRUV.The relation between PRUV and other structural abnormalities was retrospectively analyzed.Results The incidence of PRUV was 0.28％ (109/38 827) including 100 singletons and 9 twins.Among the 109 cases of PRUV confirmed by the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis,95 cases did not complicate with fetal structural abnormality (90 singletons,5 twins),and had normal deliveries with healthy infants.Four infants were tested for their chromosomes and got normal results.The rest 14 fetuses with PRUV suffered from fetal structural abnormality (12.8％,14/109),among which,10 fetus (71.4％,10/14) suffered from cardiovascular abnormality such as endocrinal cushion defeats,double outlet right ventricle,single atrium and single ventricle.Nine pregnant women accepted artificial terminations.Only one of the 14 fetuses had chromosome test and got normal result.Conclusions Once PRUV was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound,it is suggested to check the fetus carefully,especially the cardiovascular system.

Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; Smell ; Trigeminal Nerve

Objective To investigate the effects of insulin resistance (IR)on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)inj ury in PC1 2 cells and the protective effects of N-actyl-L-cystine (NAC)against H/R inj ury. Methods PC12 cells were treated with 100 nmol/L insulin to induce IR. The H/R injury model was established by Na2 S2 O4. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell viability. Glucose consumption was detected by glucose oxidase method. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)was detected by xanthine oxidase method. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA)were measured by thiobarbituric acid method. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Results High-insulin inhibited insulin-induced glucose uptake in PC12 cells without affecting the cell viability (P<0. 05). PC12 cells with IR exhibited lower SOD activity and higher levels of MDA (P<0. 05 ),and enhanced apoptosis and depolarization of MMP induced by H/R(P<0. 05). NAC neutralized these effects induced by IR(P<0. 05). Conclusion IR aggravates H/R injury in PC12 cells by enhancing oxidative stress and NAC reduces the H/R injury in PC12 cells with IR via inhibiting oxidative stress and stabilizing MMP.

0.05).But the detection rates of them were all higher than that of AFP alone(P

Objective To study the effects of methylene blue(MB), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor , on intestinal perfusion and oxygenation in dogs with septic shock.Methods A septic shock model was established by lipopolysaccharide infusion.After resuscitation with normal saline infusion,2mg/kg MB was infused within 15min in seven dogs.Blood flow of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was measured respectively at baseline,post shock for 1h, after resuscitation and 30min after MB injection.Blood gas analysis was done , and oxygenation was calculated.Results Blood flow of the SMA was significantly decreased by 61 8%(P0 0 5 ) ,butO2 extrincreasedby 14 8% .Conclusions Septicshockindogsresultsinadecreaseinintestinalperfusionandanincreasein oxygenextraction ,whichcanbeimprovedbyMBinjection .Theintestinalperfusionispartlyincreasedbyvolumetherapy .