The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale is a rating scale for rapid screening of mild cognitive impairment.In recent years,with the deepening of clinical research,the application scope of MoCA has been gradually expanded to the assessment of cognitive impairment-related diseases.This article reviews the clinical advances in research on MoCA in early screening of vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia

AIM Action of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on longitudinal muscle strips of the rat distal colon has been reported, however, that of the rat proximal colon remains to be clarified. In this study we investigated the effects of ATP on longitudinal muscle strips isolated from the rat proximal colon and the receptors involved in the effects. METHODSIsometric relaxant and contractile responses to ATP (0.1 μmol · L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) and adenosine (1 - 100 μmol· L-1) in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon were observed. RESULTS ATP (0.1 μmol· L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) produced a complicated response including an inhibition of rhythmic contraction and a weakly transient decrease in basic tone (0.05-0.08 g) followed by a concentration-dependent contraction (0.04- 0.44 g) in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon at resting tension. Tetrodotoxin (0.1 μmol·L-1) did not influence the responses to ATP.Adenosine (1 - 100 μmol· L-1) did not produce an obvious contractile response in the preparation at resting tension. Concentration-dependent relaxant responses to ATP ( 1 μmol· L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) in the preparation precon tracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine or with acetylcholine were 23.2％ - 94.6％ or 24.8 ％ - 92.4％, however the relaxant responses to adenosine were much weaker than those to ATP. CONCLUSION ATP produces contractileresponsesmainly via purine and pyrimidine (P) 2receptors and relaxant responses partially via P1 receptors in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon.

Hypoxic metabolism in solid tumor reduces chemoradiotherapy effect and become the obstacle in tumor therapy. Gene therapy is the most promising tumor treatment method, but currently using carriers cannot target tumors accurately. Anaerobic bacteria has become the transferring carrier in tumor gene therapy because it has tendency to hypoxia in solid tumors and can target solid tumors more accurately.

Objective To explore the roles and clinical significance of glutamine(GLN) in carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4)) induced acute hepatic injury.Methods The SD rats were divided into model group,GLN pretreated group and control group.The animal model was established by CCl_(4) intraperitoneal injection.GLN at dose of 1 g/kg was intragastrically administrated for 7 d before intraperitoneal injection of CCl_(4) in the rats of GLN pretreated group.The rats were executed 4,8,12,16,24 h after injure.To evaluate the hepatic injury,the serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were detected by automatic biochemistry analysator.The liver tissue was observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) was detected by immunohistochemistry and the tumor necrosis factor?(TNF-?) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The apoptosis of hepatocyte was detected by TUNEL.The oncosis index was detected by TEM.Results The levels of ALT,AST,NF-?B,TNF-? mRNA in model group were apparently elevated as compared to control group(P

The polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) was investigated by PCR-RFLP in 28 healthy volunteers and 64 patients with Graves′ disease (GD). The result suggests that the frequency of G49 allele of CTLA-4 exon 1 in GD patients issignificantlyhigherthanthat in normal controls (P

With the advancement research on target therapy,more and more target drugs have been applied in the treatment of endometrial cancer,including anti-TKI or monoclone antibody and inhibitors in molecular signal pathways like mTOR,all of which have shown good therapeutic effects.As there were only on some phaseⅡclinical trials,so randomized stageⅢclinical trials are required to confirm these effects.In this review,the author discusses the advancement of target therapy in endometrial cancer.

From the perspective of hospital administrators, the paper reveals a variety of failures in the establishment and application of the hospital information system and analyzes the causes of the failures.

Kouzilan was selected as a potent hypotensive drug, and two fractions, K01 (hydrosoluble element) and K02 (fat-soluble element), were extracted from it. Thepresent study focused on its mechanism of vascular effects in vitro. The data showed thatK01 and K02 antagonized the contraction of isolated thoracic aortic ring of SD rat, indu-ced by norepinephrine (NE, 1 ?mol/L). The IC_(50) values of K01 and K02 were 1.98g/Land 1.15g/L respectively, and that of Verapamil (Ver) was 0.88 ?mol/L. K01, K02 andVer all shifted the dose-response curves of NE to the right in a noncompetitive antagonis-tic manner, and they also depressed the maximal efficacy of contraction. Added NE intoa calcium-free K-H solution to induce aortic vessel contraction (phase 1), then added cal-cium (2.5mmol/L) to induce continued contraction (phase 2), K01 depressed phase 2significantly. In lower concentration, K02 was similar to K01, however, in higher concen-tration, it depressed phase 1 and phase. 2 significantly, which was similar to Ver. Theseresults suggested that K01 and K02 had a vasodilative effect, which was related to theblockade of the receptor operated calcium channel (ROC). K02 inhibited both the calciumrelease from intracellar storage sites and the influx of extracellar calcium, but K01 onlyinhibited the latter.

Objective:To explore the changes of chemotherapy sensitivity of breast cancer MCF-7/ADM cells after Hiwi gene targeting silence, and to illuminate the role of Hiwi gene in resistant mechanism of breast cancer MCF-7/ADM cells.Methods:The MCF-7/ADM cells were transfected with Hiwi control,siRNA1 Hiwi gene and siRNA2 Hiwi gene as Hiwi control group, Hiwi siRNA1 group and Hiwi siRNA2 group.The expression levels of Hiwi gene mRNA and protein in breast cancer MCF-7/ADM cells were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods to judge the transfection rates in various groups.After transfection,the breast cancer MCF-7/ADM cells in various groups were treated with the different concentrations(0,0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1) of adriamycin, and the cell resistant sensitivities were detected by MTT method.Results:Compared with control group(0 mg·L-1 adriamycin), the expression levels of Hiwi gene mRNA and protein inMCF-7/ADM cells in Hiwi siRNA1 and Hiwi siRNA2 groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Compared with control group, the survival rates of Cells in Hiwi siRNA1 and Hiwi siRNA2 groups were significantly decreased after treated with different concentrations of adriamycin,and the survival rates in Hiwi siRNA1 and Hiwi siRNA2 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01);they were (48.15±6.28)% and (41.73±6.17)% when the concentration of adriamycin was 1 mg·L-1,and the sensitivities to the adriamycinwere obviously enhanced(P<0.01).Conclusion:The target silencing Hiwi genes in MCF-7/ADM cells is efficient.The sensitivity of MCF-7/ADM cells to adriamycin restores after Hiwi gene silencing.

Bycomparingthe clinical internship ofFrench students in the Alsace Cancer Center of France(Centre Paul Strauss)with Chinese medical students,we found the differences and got some valuable implications.