As the burden of anesthesiology teaching is heavy in undergraduate course, teachers can communicate with the students by nonverbal behaviors, such as eye contact, silent language, facial expression, paralanguage, which can make class atmosphere active, develop harmonious teacher-student relationship, and improve the quality of class teaching. Teachers of anesthesiology should take some measures, such as rehearsing lessons, summing up the experience of the lessons in time, accu-mulating the experience of nonverbal behaviors, and doing some exercise for the nonverbal behavior as much as possible, so as to set up an excellent atmosphere for teaching ,and meanwhile improve the quality of anesthesiology teaching.

PURPOSE: It was reported that gene locus for generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+) exist in chromosome 19q13.1, and has relationship with a 387 C G mutation in the SCN1B gene. This study is to determine whether there is the 387 C G mutation in the children with GEFS+ and simple febrile seizures(FS). METHODS: The sample group consisted of 16 patients with GEFS+ and 10 patients with FS who were diagnosed by our department of pediatrics from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 1999. The control group consisted of 15 children who do not have seizure disorders. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and a segment of the SCN1B exon 3 was amplified by PCR technique. Purified PCR products were treated with restriction enzyme, Hin P1. The restriction pattern was analyzed by sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Sixty nine%(11 of 16) patients with GEFS+ had family history for epilepsy, and epilepsy phonotypes were generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 82%(13 of 16), on the other hand 12%(2 of 16) and 6%(1 of 16) had absences and atonic seizures respectively. EEG findings showed generalized spike and wave in the all patients with GEFS+. in this study, however we could not observe a 387 C-->G mitation of the SCN1B in the children with GEFS+ and febrile seizures. CONCLUSION: The gene for GEFS+ may have a heterogenetic characteristics, and there may be racial differences in mutation frequency. Expanded studies involving large number of different families are required.
Child ; DNA ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Generalized* ; Exons ; Hand ; Humans ; Mutation Rate ; Pediatrics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

Objective To perform literature search and review on the controversial relationship between therapies of hyperthyroidism due to Graves'disease(GD)and the course of Graves'ophthalmopathy(CA)).Methods We searched the database of MEDLINE(1966-2006.3),EMBASE(1984-2005),Cochrane Library(2006 No.1),CBMdisc(1978.1-2006.4)and CNKI(1994-2006).The methodological quality of the studies selected for review was assessed according to the quality assessment criteria suggested by the Cochrane systematic review guideline.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 4.2 software.Results Eight studies were included in the systematic review.Meta-analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference between 131I and other forms of therapy[surgery or antithyroid drugs(ATD)](test value:2.31,5.97,3.70,5.55;all P＜0.05)in aggravation of exophthalmos and symptom improvement in patients without receiving thyroxine during the early stage to prevent hypothyroidism.However,there was no statisti cally significant differenee in the above relationship between surgery and ATD therapy in those patients already receiving thyroxine supplement(test value:0.27,0.99;all P＞0.05).There were not yet any studies on the impact between early prevention of hypothyroidism after 131I therapy and GO.Conclusions Based on meta-analysis on literature data,if early measures are not performed to prevent hypothyroidism after 131I therapy,it may induce or aggravate GO more frequently than ATD or surgical treatment.Symptomatic relief of GO after 131I therapy is also less effective than the other 2 forms of therapy.Therefore.131I therapy should be delivered carefully in those patients with GO.

Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Animals ; Female ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; toxicity ; Particulate Matter ; toxicity ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfur Dioxide ; toxicity ; Uteroglobin ; metabolism

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of single-segment and two-segment fusion for Denis type B spinal fracture.Methods Two female patients with Denis type B L1 vertebral fracture were enrolled in this study.The 45-year-old patient (Frankel B) underwent posterior reduction and fixation with pedicle screw system plus anterior two-segment fusion and the 41-year-old patient (Frankel C) underwent posterior reduction and fixation with pedicle screw system plus anterior one-segment fusion.The intervertebral fusion was achieved in both patients 1 year after operation.CT data of the two patients at 1 year after surgery was collected,including data of 41-year-old patient before and after removal of pedicle screws and data of 45-year-old patient without removal of pedicle screws.These three sets of data were imported into the Mimics software to establish T11-L2 three dimensional models.After construction of the models,they were imported into ANSYS software.An axial load (260 N) and 10 Nm torque were loaded to simulate the flexion,extension,lateral bending and rotation of the spine,respectively.Meantime,under above 6 kinds of motion form,the average displacement of the spine and the average Von Mises stress of T11-12 intervertebral disc were recorded and compared.Results There was no significant difference in the average displacement of the spine between two-segment fusion patient and single-segment fusion patient without removal of pedicle screws.However,under all motion forms,the average displacement of the spine of single-segment fusion patient after removal of pedicle screws was significantly higher than that before removal of pedicle screws and that of two-segment fusion patient.The average Von Mises stress of T11-12 intervertebral discs of two-segment fusion patient was significantly higher than that of one-segment fusion patient.Moreover,the average Von Mises stress of T11-12 intervertebral discs of single-segment fusion patient before removal of pedicle screw was higher than that after removal of pedicle screw.Conclusion Under the premise of satisfactory interbody fusion,removal of pedicle screws after one-segment fusion can increase spinal motion,reduce the stress of the adjacent intervertebral discs and delay disc degeneration.

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Id1 in diffuse large B‐cell Lymphomas (DL‐BCL) tissue and Id1 gene in bone warrow cell .Methods Forty cases of DLBCL(observation group) and 25 cases of reactive lymph‐oid hyperplasia (control group) were included in this study which were admitted by our hospital from October 2011 to October 2014 .The expression of Id1 proteins in DLBCL and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were detected by imunohistochemical technique . The expression of Id1 genes in all patients′marrow cells was detected by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction .The data were collected and analyzed by designed person .Results In 40 DLBCLs ,the positive rate of Id1 were 75 .00% (30/40) ,which was higher than in RHs 32 .00% (8/25) ,with statistic difference(P= 0 .001) .Id1 protein was not correlated with sex and age(P>0 .05) ,but was correlated with clinical stage ,LDH level and extranodal infiltration(P<0 .05) .The expression of Id1 genes in mar‐row cells in DLBCL was higher than in RH (Id1mRNA level 2 .80 ± 0 .87 vs .1 .37 ± 0 .51 ,P<0 .05) ,and also correlated with clini‐cal stage ,LDH level and extranodal infiltration(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of Id1 proteins and genes are much higher in DLBCL tissue and marrow and probably related to the prognosis of DLBCL .This discovery would contribute to predicting prognosis of DLBCL ,w hich also could be a therapeutic target of DLBCL in the future .

Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of T‐cadherin protein and gene in the mixed cell type of hybrid hodgkin lymphoma .Methods The lymph nodetissue samples were obtained from 45 hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma patients and 20 reactive hyperplasia lymphoid patients .The expression level of T‐cadherin of these samples were detected by immu‐nohistochemical staining and RT‐PCR .The relationship of clinic pathological features and prognosis in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma patients were analyzed by the expression level of T‐cadherin .Results The positive expression rates of T‐cadherin in protein hybrid hodgkin lymphoma and reactive hyperplasia lymphoid tissue specimens were 31 .1% (14/45) and 90 .0% (18/20)(P< 0 .05) .T‐cad‐herin mRNA relative expression in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma was significantly lower than reactive hyperplasia lymphoid tis ‐suespecimens(P< 0 .05) .The expression of T‐cadherin was significantly correlated with TNM and lymph node involvement (all P< 0 .05) ,but not significantly correlated with age ,gender ,WBC ,PLT and Hb count ,LDH and IPS grade (all P> 0 .05) .Multiva‐riate logistic regression analysis demonstrated TNM stage and T‐cadherin negative expression were independent factors of lymph node involvement .Log‐rank test revealed the two‐year survival rate in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma patients of T‐cadherin negative and positive expressionwere 83 .9% and 92 .9% (P> 0 .05) ,three‐year survival rate were 71 .0% and 85 .7% (P> 0 .05) ,five‐year survival rate were 41 .9% and 78 .6% (P< 0 .05) .Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed the five‐year survival in T‐cadherin nega‐tive expressionwas lowersignificantly than T‐cadherin positive expression (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion T‐cadherin was low expression in hybrid Hodgkin lymphoma and correlated with TNM and lymph node involvement .T‐cadherin may be a new molecular marker to evaluate the prognosis of hybrid hodgkin lymphoma .

Objective To optimize an integration technique for extracting the liposoluble and water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods Salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone ⅡA were selected as marker components and determined by HPLC to optimize the integration extract process of Salvia miltiorrhiza by orthogonal test. Results The liposoluble and water-soluble active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza were efficiently extracted by the optimum integration technique. The integration technique for extracting was obtained:Salvia miltiorrhiza was added with 8 times alcohol of 70% and extracted 1 hour for 2 times. Conclusion The liposoluble and water-soluble active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza can be extracted simultaneously by the novel extraction process which was reasonable and feasible. This new technique can be employed to reduce time, working and energy, and be suitable for the morden production.

A PCR assay used for detection and quantification of Neotyphodium lolii in tissues of the grass Lolium perenne L. was developed. Compared with the Microscopic analysis of stained tissues, this method was more accurate. For quantitative applications, real time PCR was used to quantify Neotyphodium lolii in Lolium perenne L.. The results showed that there were some variations between different individuals, but no variance existed between different tillers from the same plant. Thus it can be concluded that fungal content in the plant is not only associated with species/variety specific, but also with the genotype of the host plant as well.

Objective To observe nasal resistance in healthy adult people and patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), comparing the changes in nasal resistance after nCPAP treatment, and to explore the role of nasal resistance in development of OSAHS and the effect of nCPAP on nasal resistance. Methods Detection of nasal resistance was performed in 11 healthy people and 40 patients with OSAHS after completion of polysomnography (PSG). Three weeks after treatment with nCPAP, the patients received polysomnography and detection of nasal resistance again. Results Nasal resistance was higher in patients with OSAHS than healthy people [(0.27 ± 0.9)Pa/(cm3·s) vs. (0.21 ± 0.7)Pa/(cm3·s), t=-2.048, and P<0.05];nasal resistance was not related with age, BMI, neck circumference, waistline, AHI, MinSO2, and ODI (P>0.05). MinSO2, AHI and ODI were markedly improved three weeks after nCPAP therapy (P<0.05). Nasal resistance was increased from (0.27 ± 0.1) Pa/(cm3·s) to (0.43 ± 0.3)Pa/(cm3·s) after treatment (t = -2.733, P < 0.05). Conclusions Increased nasal resistance is one of risk factors for pathogenesis of OSAHS. Nasal resistance is not related with the severity of OSAHS. nCPAP can lead to an elevation in nasal resistance.