Objective To investigate the different changes in the regulation and gene expression of mu opioid receptor (MOR) in rat brain after acute and chronic morphine dependence.Methods Forty male SD rats weighing (210?35)g were randomly divided into five equal groups of eight animals each: (1) control; (2) acute dependence: (3) chronic dependence;(4) acute abstinence; (5) chronic abstinence. In acute dependence group rats received eight consecutive subcutaneous injection of morphine 5mg?kg-1 at 2h interval. In chronic dependence group morphine was injected subcutaneously three times a day(8:00, 15: 00, 22:00) for six days. The doses of morphine were 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60 mg? kg-1?day-1 from the 1st day to the 6th day respectively. In the two abstinence groups, the withdrawal syndromes were induced by intraperitoneal naloxone 5 mg ? kg-1. The rats in control group received saline. 30 min after the end of all procedures the animals were decapitated on ice. Brain was removed immediately and kept in liquid nitrogen. The Bmax and Kd values of 3H-DAMGO saturation binding to MOR were measured by Scatchard analysis. The gene expression of MOR was appraised by RT-PCR. Results (1) In the acute dependence group the Bmax value(the specific binding capacity of MOR) significantly increased and the affinity decreased. After abstinence the Bmax value returned to normal, but the affinity was still low. In chronic dependence and abstinence groups Bmax value decreased significantly and there was no change in Kd value. (2) The level of MOR mRNA increased significantly in acute dependence group and returned rapidly to normal after abstinence . In chronic dependence and abstinence groups the transcription of MOR was significantly lower than in control group. Conclusions The modulation of MOR in rat brain is different between acute and chronic dependence and there must be similar post-receptor mechnism involved.

With the understanding of autoimmune encephalitis many novel types of autoimmune encephalitis and related antibodies have been identified. There are some cases of autoimmune encephalitis with autoantibody overlapping syndromes or phenotype overlapping syndromes, which bring challenges to diagnosis and treatment in practice. The relevant literature was reviewed and the clinical characteristics, pathological mechanism and treatment of overlapping syndromes associated with autoimmune encephalitis were summarized, in order to provide a reference for the management of autoimmune encephalitis with overlapping syndromes.

Objective:To assess whether intrathecal orphanin FQ can develop the antinociceptive effect tolerance,and whether there is a cross tolerance between the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal orphanin FQ and the ? opioid receptor agonist morphine.Methods: Tail flick test was used to observe the change of antinociceptive effect after orphanin FQ/morphine intrathecal microinjection into the rats tolerant to acute or chronic morphine/orphanin FQ.Results:Like morphine,large dosage of continuous intrathecal orphanin FQ microinjection produced tolerance to the antinociceptive effect,but there was no apparent cross tolerance between the orphanin FQ and morphine; Hyperalgesic response was found in morphine tolerant rats,but not in orphanin FQ tolerant rats.Conclusion:Lack of cross tolerance between the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal orphanin FQ and morphine indicates that the mechanism of tolerance to orphanin FQ may differ from that to morphine; The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal orphanin FQ may be largely related with its specific receptor in the spinal cord.

Objective Retrospective analysis of experience of distal upper limb autologous arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access and treatment of arteriovenous fistula occlusion was conducted.Methods To summarize the clinical data of 214 cases of initial autologous arteriovenous fistula and 22 cases of treatment of arteriovenous fistula occlusion were carried out from Aug.2007 to Mar.2011,comparing the success rate and long-term patency rate.Results Two hundred and fourteen cases of initial autologous arteriovenous fistula,in which 168 cases were cephalic vein-radial artery side-to-side anastomosis at snuffbox,46 cases were cephalic vein-radial artery end-toside anastomosis at proximal wrist,the success cases were 203 (94.8％),the failed cases were 11 (5.2％),limb edema in 82 cases and there was no steal syndrome and heart failure.The primary patency rate was 95.2％ at 1 year and 91.3％ at 2 years.There were 22 patients accepted treatment of arteriovenous fistula occlusion,in which,8 cases were embolectomy due to acute occlusion,8 cases were thrombectomy and balloon dilation because of anastomotic stricture and thrombosis and 1 failed,5 cases were proximal anastomosis again after chronic occlusion.Conclusions Autologous arteriovenous fistula of the distal upper limb,especially from the place of snuffbox which is the preferred method for autologous arteriovenous fistula.And deal with arteriovenous fistula occlusion actively can often extend the usage time of the autologous blood vessels and improve the life quality of patients.

Objective To evaluate thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection.Methods Chnical data were reviewed on 126 cases with type B aortic dissection undergoing endovascular aortic repair in our hospital from January 2006 to April 2011.There were 86 male patients and 40 female patients,age from 32 to 82 years.The stent- grafts were introduced via femoral arteriotomy.Stent-grafts were implanted to blockade tears of aortic dissection under the guidance of DSA.Postoperatively patients were followed-up by angiography and imiging for endoleak,stent migration,and fracture of stent-graft.Results In all cases,the aortic dissection tears were closed,true lumens were opened,and organ function was restored.There were not complications such as internal hemorrhage due to trauma or stent displacement on CTA from 3 to 63 months after endovascular therapy.Procedure was successful in all 126 cases,157 stents were released,2 cases died in the perioperative period,1 case died during the followed-up.A breach was found at the end of the stent in 12 cases,endovascular aortic repair redone successfully with a retrograde type A dissection found during follow-up.Conclusions Endovascular aortic repair is safe and effective for patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection with a favorable outcomes.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of filiform fire needling on tennis elbow.Method Eighty patients with tennis elbow were randomly allocated to a filiform fire needling group of 30 cases, a block group of 20 cases and an electroacupuncture group of 30 cases. The treatment group received. Pain severity was scored using the VAS after one and two weeks and one month of treatment. The therapeutic effects were evaluated and compared after one month of treatment.Result The total efficacy rate was 93.3% in the filiform fire needling group, 60.0% in the block group and 50.0% in the electroacupuncture group; there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the filiform fire needling and block groups (P<0.05) and between the filiform fire needling and electroacupuncture groups (P<0.05) but no significant difference between the block and electroacupuncture groups (P>0.05). The VAS score decreased significantly in the block group (P<0.05) but did not in the filiform fire needling and electroacupuncture groups (P>0.05) after one week of treatment compared with before. The VAS score decreased significantly in the filiform fire needling and block groups (P<0.05) but did not in the electroacupuncture group (P>0.05) after two weeks of treatment compared with before. There was no statistically significant posttreatment difference in the VAS score between the filiform fire needling and block groups (P>0.05) but there was such a difference between the filiform fire needling or block group and the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the VAS score in the filiform fire needling and block groups (P<0.01) and also in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05) between before and after one month of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the VAS score after one month of treatment between the filiform fire needling group and the block or electroacupuncture group (P<0.05) and between the block and electroacupuncture groups (P<0.05). The results of the study showed that filiform fire needling, local drug blockage and electroacupuncture all had clinically a better therapeutic effect on tennis elbow and a better improving effect on the symptoms in the patients. Filiform fire needling produced a marked therapeutic effect. Its effect was superior to those of block therapy and electroacupuncture.Conclusion Filiform fire needling is a definitely effective way to treat tennis elbow.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib on bladder cancer xenografts in nude mice and apoptosis of tumor cells in the xenografts. Methods Models of bladder cancer xenograft in nude mice was used to observe the effect of celecoxib on the animals and the xenografts.TUNEL was used to assess apoptotic index of tumor cells in the xenografts. Results Celecoxib could effectively inhibit the growth of xenografts(P0.05). Conclusions Celecoxib maybe inhibit the growth of bladder cancer via inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and perhaps will become a choice of chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy of bladder cancer.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ) is a classic animal model for multiple sclerosis . After more than 2 centuries of development , EAE can be established in mice , monkeys and rats ,etc.Some animals can be immunized by different immune antigens which have different features in sensibility and clinical characteristics .In this pa-per, we will review the development of EAE , discuss the characteristics of EAE models produced by immunization of differ-ent animals with different antigens .In summary, we explore the development of animal models of EAE .

Objective To explore the relationship between HHIP gene with COPD patients in Xinjiang Uygur population. Methods DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. HHIP gene (rs1828591 and rs12504628)polymorphic loci was detected by iMLDR technique in 233 cases and 292 controls in Uygur. Results There was no significant difference in the genotype,allele frequencies distribution of 2 haplotypes of HHIP (rs1828591 and rs12504628)between the disease group and the control group(P > 0.05). There was no differ? ence in 2 haplotypes of HHIP gene between the disease group and the control group(P > 0.05). Rs1828591 and rs12504628 gene showed significance with predicted FEV1%(P < 0.05). Conclusion Rs1828591 and rs12504628 gene are related with predicted FEV1%.

BACKGROUND:Studies on high glucose exposure in human periodontal ligament cel s usual y focus on the biological behaviors, pathways and secretory factors, but whether the metabolic memory is involved is little known. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the metabolic memory of high glucose exposure in human periodontal ligament cel s. METHODS:Human periodontal ligament cel s were primarily cultured and identified. Cel s at 5-8 passages were selected and randomized into four groups. Group A (controls):DMEM containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 8 days;group B (5-day memory group):DMEM containing 35 mmol/L glucose for 3 days and DMEM containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 5 days;group C (3-day memory group):DMEM containing 35 mmol/L glucose for 5 days and DMEM containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 3 days;group D (8-day high glucose group):DMEM containing 35 mmol/L glucose for 8 days. The cel proliferation was detected by cel counting kit-8, the cel apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of total proteins and alkaline phosphatase were investigated using ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the cel proliferation in the other three groups was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the number of apoptotic cel s was significantly increased, while the levels of total proteins and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results suggest that high glucose causes persistent changes in human periodontal ligament cel s by inhibiting cel viability, increasing the apoptosis and downregulating the levels of the total proteins and alkaline phosphatase