Reduction (chemical) ; Barium enema, NOS ; Child

Adequate pain relief is a requisite for a successful closed manipulative reduction (CMR) of fractures and dislocations. This prospective study was undertaken to assess the mode and adequacy of pain relief given to patients undergoing such procedures at Seremban Hospital from the 1st April to the 31st May 2001. All patients with fractures and dislocations scheduled to undergo CMR were included in this study. The type of sedative agents and analgesia administered were recorded. Demographic data and the type of fracture or dislocation of the selected patients were documented. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain perception was given to both to the patients and the medical personnel who performed the procedure. All data were collected manually before entered into computerized database for analysis. Of 72 patients included in this study, 47% were Malay, 26% Indian, 21% Chinese and 6% others. There was male predominance and the patients' age ranged between 9 to 79 years (average 27.4 years). Upper limb injuries (79%) were mainly fractures of the radius and ulna (29%) and isolated fracture radius (21%). For the lower limb injuries (21%), combined tibia and fibula fractures constituted 10% of the total cases followed by isolated tibia fractures (10%) and hip dislocation (1%). The most common pain relieving agents given during the CMR were intravenous pethidine alone (43%) followed by combination of intravenous pethidine and valium (36%), intramuscular pethidine (17%) and intramuscular tramal (4%). The Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain perception revealed that 61% of the patients had moderate pain while 21% had severe pain during the course of the procedures. Suboptimal pain relief administered during CMR should prompt positive actions to ensure that the patient is not subjected to undue pain just for the sake of an acceptable fracture reduction.
Pain ; Reduction (chemical) ; Meperidine ; pain perception ; Intravenous

Antibiotic-loaded bone cement has been used as prophylaxis against infection in total joint replacement surgery. Its effect on the mechanical strength of cement is a major concern as high dose of antibiotic was associated with a significant reduction in mechanical strength of bone cement. However, the cut-off antibiotic that weakens the mechanical strength of cement remains to be determined. This study was undertaken to observe the changes in the mechanical properties of bone cement with gradual increments of Cefuroxime antibiotic. Cefuroxime at different doses: 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5gm were added to a packet of 40gm bone cement (Simplex P) and study samples were prepared by using third generation cementing technique. Mechanical impact, flexural and tensile strength were tested on each sample. Significant impact and tensile strength reduction were observed after addition of 4.5 gm of Cefuroxime. However, flexural strength was significantly reduced at a lower dose of 3.0 gm. The maximum dose of Cefuroxime to be safely added to 40mg Surgical Simplex P is 1.5gm when third generation cementing technique is used. Further study is needed to determine whether it is an effective dose as regards to microbiological parameters.
Skeletal bone ; Cefuroxime ; Antibiotics ; meter ; Reduction (chemical)

This retrospective study was conducted in a state hospital set-up and aimed at identifying the magnitude of shoulder dislocations and their demographic data, characteristics of the injury, mechanism and predisposing factors, and the instituted treatment. Patients with radiographic evidence of shoulder dislocation admitted to the hospital from January 1999 to December 2002 were included. Data were recorded from the case notes. There were 105 shoulder dislocations with male predomination in 77% cases and age ranged between 11 and 90 years (average 30.9 years). The right shoulder was affected in 68% of the cases. The contributing events were fall in 37% of cases, road traffic accident 23%, sports 17% and pathological conditions 13%. Anterior dislocation occurred in 96.2% of the cases. Posterior and inferior dislocations encountered in two patients for each type. Twelve dislocations were associated fracture of the greater tuberosity, two each with humeral neck fracture and cerebral injuries. First time dislocation occurred in 73.6% of the cases. The recurrences ranged between 2 to 6 times (average 3.4 times). Closed manipulative reduction and strapping was the definitive treatment in 92.4% of the cases and the remaining needed surgical reconstruction. Four patients had open reduction and internal fixation of the associated fractures while another four had arthroscopic Bankart's repair. In conclusion, shoulder dislocation represents the most common shoulder problems. It afflicted young adults of reproductive age (21-40 years) and participation in sports was a risk factor in men. Women over 40 years and fall were at risk to develop shoulder dislocation.
Shoulder ; Hospitals ; Study of epidemiology ; seconds ; Reduction (chemical)

Anjo Kosei General Hospital is a large-scale hospital having 692 beds and located in the central part of Aichi. When the hospital moved into the present adress in April 2002, we introduced an electronic chart system that was not common in Japan at that time. Hospital management changed dramatically because until then we were using exclusively papers, and had not possessed even an electronic ordering system. It was also true in the field of medical office work. We hereby report the changes in routines after the introduction of the electronic chart system and its usefulness.The characteristics of our medical work system are as follows.(1)Data refrieval function (Data Ware House)(2)Credit control system(3)Receipt imaging functionWe are evaluating the various effects of the system from seven points of view as follows.(1)Basic data of medical care(2)Staff placement and personnel expenses(3)Work accuracy and efficiency(4)Patients service(5)Storage space reduction(6)Paper reduction(7)In-house questionnaire survey
Work ; Hospitals ; chart ; System ; Reduction (chemical)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight reduction prior to a competition on the salivary cortisol level for first-rate judo players. Subjects were divided into three groups by the weight reduction rate. On the day before the competition, the cortisol levels of the low- and high-weight reduction group showed a tendency to decrease and were significantly lower than that of the non-weight reduction group (p<0.05). However, with regard to the change in the stress indices, there was a difference between the high- and low-weight reduction groups. In the high-weight reduction group alone, there was a significant increase in the stress indices on the day before the competition (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the HPA axis is affected during the relatively early stage of weight reduction and mental stress is increased at the higher weight reduction rate.
Reduction (chemical) ; Weight ; competition ; Salivary ; Levels

Recent studies showed that high biocompatibility and reduction of uremic toxin contributed to the improvement of freatment outcome in hemodialysis patients.Therefore, a high-flux membrane dialyzer, especially polysulfone (PS) membrane, was generally used in dialysis. However, it was suggested that the higher efficiency of reduction in uremic toxins might cause an increase in the albumin leakage through the dialyzer membrane during dialysis, resulting in a decrease in serum albumin concentration. In this study, we used two different dialyzer membranes with high biocompatibility, namely, ethylenevinylalcohol (EVAL) membrane and improved PS membrane with a very lower leakage of serum albumin. After using these two types of mambrane of six straight months, we examined the effect of each dialyzer membrane characteristic on the serum total protein and albumin concentration. The reduction rates of each uremic solute and serum total protein concentration were significantly higher. The serum albumin concentration and its rate of change with the passing of time tended to increase in the case of the PS membrane. But in the case of EVAL membrane, these values tended to decrease. These results suggested that the differences in the changes in the serum total protein and albumin concentration might result from the differences in the efficiency of the reduction of uremic toxins. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the usage of the dialyzer membrane with a higher reduction of uremic solutes and a lower leakage of serum albumin to add to the higher biocompatibility specially in hemodialysis patients with hypoproteinemia.
Membranes ; Concentration ; Reduction (chemical) ; Serum Albumin ; Hemodialysis

We report a case of giant pancreatic pseudocyst after acute pancreatitis, successfully treated with saikokeishitokabushi. A 71-year-old man had been undergoing treatment in our hospital for cerebral infarction and diabetes. He was complicated with acute pancreatitis. He received conservative treatment, showing a tendency toward symptomatic improvement, although abdominal pain and anorexia subsequently developed. A giant pancreatic pseudocyst was identified on abdominal computed tomography. Therefore, we administered saikokeishitokabushi without changing the other oral medication. Many of his symptoms disappeared, and cyst reduction was noted. saikokeishitokabushi is generally prescribed for epigastric pain or anorexia after febrile illness. In this case, it is thought that saikokeishitokabushi exhibited an action leading to cyst reduction.
Acute pancreatitis ; Large ; Treated with ; Reduction (chemical) ; Pancreatic polypeptide, avian

OBJECTIVETo investigate the variation of the corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation film on titanium by electrochemical methods in simulated body fluid.

METHODSMicro-arc oxidation film was formed on the titanium surface using micro-arc oxidation. The morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the phase composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in simulated body fluid were examined with electrochemical methods.

RESULTSOn the titanium surface with micro-arc oxidation, the film consisted of many volcanic micropores. The film formed was a titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) with peaks for both anatase and rutile phases. In addition, hydroxylapatite was also observed. The self-corrosion potential and self-corrosion current density of titanium with micro-arc oxidation film were -0.255 V and 0.80 microA/cm(2) respectively, while those of untreated titanium were -0.358 V and 0.55 microA/cm(2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the model of equivalent circuits reasonable.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of electrochemical examinations indicate that micro-arc oxidation film increases the corrosion resistance of titanium.

Objective: To develop effective alternatives to natural enzymes, it is crucial to develop nanozymes that are economical, resource efficient, and environmentally conscious. Carbon nanomaterials that have enzyme-like activities have been extensively developed as substitutes for traditional enzymes. Methods: Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) were directly synthesized via a one-step electrochemical method from a MAX precursor using an ammonium bifluoride electrolyte at ambient conditions. The CDCs were characterized by systematic techniques. Results: CDCs showed bienzyme-like activities similar to that of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. We systematically studied the dependence of CDC enzyme-like activity on different electrolytes and electrolysis times to confirm activity dependence on CDC content. Additionally, the synthesis mechanism and CDC applicability were elaborated and demonstrated, respectively. Conclusion The demonstrated synthesis strategy eliminates tedious intercalation and delamination centrifugation steps and avoids using high concentrations of HF, high temperatures, and halogen gases. This study paves the way for designing two-dimensional material-based nanocatalysts for nanoenzyme and other applications.
Ammonium Compounds/chemical synthesis* ; Carbon/chemistry* ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Enzymes ; Fluorides/chemical synthesis* ; Humans ; Nanostructures ; Oxidation-Reduction