Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Osteoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

In a rapidly aging society, many patients will have multiple medical co-morbidities and on polypharmacy. Dental patients rarely have medical emergencies during their treatment and it is because of this rarity, that theodd emergency that presents can overwhelm the dentist’s ability to cope despite their theoretical knowledge. The authors discuss how to adapt the clinic facilities for managing an emergency and provide an overview of management of common emergencies that dentists may encounter.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Cardiotonic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance ; Myocarditis ; complications ; microbiology ; Pericarditis ; complications ; microbiology ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal ; complications ; microbiology ; Shock, Septic ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

Neurodegenerative diseases refer to incurable conditions that result in progressive degeneration or death of nerve cells. This causes functional movement deficits and cognitive problems such as dementias. Among different types of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease (AD) accounts for majority of the cases. The transient receptor potential melastatin member 2 (TRPM2) channel is a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel which has been studied and implicated in the pathological process of AD through different pathways including inflammation. This review summarizes the contribution of TRPM2 in AD pathology and recent advances in pharmacology of TRPM2, with a focus on relationships between β-amyloid, oxidative stress and Ca2+. We also discuss the potential future research direction for neurodegenerative diseases.

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve is frequently a phenotypic, but not pathognomonic, expression of genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with or without obstruction. It can, however, be associated nonspecifically with other forms of increased left ventricular (LV) afterload. We herein report the case of a young man with obesity cardiomyopathy and heart failure who presented with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and marked LV hypertrophy, and endomyocardial biopsy ruled out genetic HCM.
Adult ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Obesity, Morbid ; complications

INTRODUCTIONOral and pharyngeal cancers grouped together are the sixth most common cancer seen worldwide. Oral cancers are, however, relatively not common in Singapore. There are few published epidemiological studies of oral cancers seen in Singapore. This article is a retrospective study of oral cancer incidence in a major tertiary institution in Singapore from 1991 to 2001.

MATERIALS AND METHODSAll oral cancers diagnosed from 1991 to 2001 were extracted from the register of histopathology results and case notes were reviewed.

RESULTSIn our study, it was found that oral malignancies preferentially affect older males. Chinese, being the predominant ethnicity, reports the highest incidence of oral malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common oral malignancy with the tongue being the most commonly affected site. The majority of patients who sought treatment had complaints of swelling and were referred from restructured government hospitals and clinics.

CONCLUSIONDental professional should be aware of the common clinical presentation of oral cancers. As oral cancer is a disease of high morbidity and mortality, a concerted effort from the government and healthcare profession will be required to improve the outcome of the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Amyloidosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Cardiomyopathies/diagnostic imaging* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Prealbumin/genetics*

Abscess/diagnosis* ; Cardiac Tamponade/etiology* ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/diagnosis* ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Mediastinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging*

Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use* ; Axilla ; Humans