Alzheimer disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder,and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Accumulated evidences in AD research suggest that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) network could contribute to risk for the disease.As the second discovered miRNA,Let-7 has an important effect on cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,immune response,tumorigenesis,metastasis,and so on.We review in this article the role of Let-7 family in the pathogenesis of AD to provide a strong basis for future research aimed at understanding the potential contribution of miRNAs to AD pathophysiology.

Breast cancer survivors often suffer from a variety of complications post operation, such as upper limb dysfunction, limb lymphedema, brachial plexus nerve injury, and so on. This article reviewed the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of these complications.

Objective To explore the effect of general anesthesia on Wuzhishan miniature pigs induced by a mixture of ketamine, Sumianxin II and midazolam, and maintained by ketamine and propofol in surgery lasting up to 8 hours. Methods A total of 18 Wuzhishan miniature pigs (body weight (20. 3 ± 1. 9) kg, 14 male and 4 female) were used in this study. The induction of anesthesia was performed with intramuscular injection of ketamine (8 -10 mg/kg) Sumianxin II (1. 5 mL) and midazolam (10 mg) behind the ear, and the general anesthesia was maintained with a mixture containing 0. 9％ sodium chloride 8 mL, ketamine 100 mg/2 mL and propofol 200 mg/40 mL, continuously injected through the marginal ear vein through a syringe infusion pump. The time spent for anesthesia induction and the duration time of anesthesia were recorded. Physiological indexes including body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, the reflex activities, and the effects of analgesia, sedation and muscular relaxation of the miniature pigs under anesthesia at 0, 0. 5, 1, 1. 5, 2, 4, 6, 8 h were observed. Results All the 18 pigs were successfully anaesthetized, but 4 pigs died during surgery due to hypovolemic shock, anesthesia accident, left main coronary thrombosis and reperfusion arrhythmia, respectively. During anesthesia, the analgesia, sedation and muscular relaxation effects on the pigs were obvious. The average time spent for anesthesia induction was (4. 8 ± 1. 2) min and the duration time of anesthesia was (54. 1 ± 5. 8) min. The eyelid reflex, corneal reflex and anal reflex in the pigs were weak or disappeared during 1 -8 h after the anesthesia was induced. The body temperature of the pigs was decreased gradually, with a significant difference between 1 h and 0 h (P＜ 0. 05), reaching the lowest point at 4 h, and then maintained stable. The blood pressure was gradually decreased, reaching the lowest level at 2 h (P ＜ 0. 05), then somehow increased, and maintained at a stable level until the end of surgery. The respiratory rate fluctuated during the anesthesia, with no significant difference. Conclusions The anesthesia induced by a combination of ketamine, Sumianxin II and midazolam and maintained with a combination of ketamine and propofol is simple to operate, shows effects fast, and has good effects of analgesia, sedation and muscular relaxation, keeping the circulatory system and respiratory system relatively stable throughout the anesthesia. Thus it is suitable for general anesthesia for miniature pigs.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on aphasia recovery after stroke. Meth-ods From April, 2012 to January, 2013, 20 aphasic patients after stroke were enrolled in an A-B experiment design. During phase A, ten times of sham tDCS and language training (five days a week) were implemented, then ten times language training combined with tDCS (five days a week) were implemented in phase B. The treatment lasted for four weeks. Picture naming was measured for all patients before and af-ter treatment both in phase A and phase B. Results The D-value scores of picture naming before and after treatment were significantly more in phase B than in phase A in both treatment items and non-treatment items (t>3.030, P<0.05). Conclusion tDCS could raise the accuracy of picture naming in patients with aphasia after stroke.

Objective To analyze the differential expressions ofmicroRNAs in patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and explore the expression rule ofmicroRNAs in MMA pathogenesis primarily to find the new biomarkers and therapeutic evaluation index of MMA represented by microRNAs.Methods Ten patients,admitted to our hospitals and diagnosed as having delayed onset vitamin B12 valid MMA from August 2011 to June 2013,were chosen as experimental group (MMA group);and their 8 healthy relatives were chosen as negative control group (NC group).Plasma microRNAs were routinely extracted and filed,and samples quality was evaluated with real-time quantitative PCR;microarray gene chip was employed to detect the expression levels ofmicroRNAs;R software of prediction analysis ofmicroarrays (PAM) was used to filter differentially expressed miRNAs.Results The results of GC/MS showed that the urine methylmalonic acid zoom ratio of MMA group was significantly higher than that of NC group.And the urine methylmalonic acid zoom ratio of MMA group had remarkable difference between before and after treatment.Real-time PCR showed the RNAs extracted from plasma samples conformed to the requirement of experiment and could be delivered to downstream chip experiment.The chip statistical analysis suggested that there were many micrornas enjoying significant differences between MMA group and NC group (P＜0.05),and differences in MMA group before and after treatment (P＜0.05).The resluts of R software of PAM indicated that mir-483 and mir-144 were strongly raised in MMA group as compared with those in NC group (P＜0.05),while mir-151,mir-30 and mir-146 were remarkably reduced in MMA group as compared with those in NC group (P＜0.05).Conclusion There are several abnormal expressions of plasma circulation microRNAs in patients with methylmalonic acidemia;the plasma circulation microRNAs might be biomarkers of methylmalonic acidemia.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of alcohol-related brain damage according to 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) position emission tomography-computer tomography (PET-CT).Methods Excessive alcohol consumption patients accepted 18F-FDG PET-CT in our hospital from August 2016 to November 2018 were chosen as excessive alcohol consumption group and non-drinking patients accepted 18F-FDG PET-CT in our hospital at the same time were chosen as non-drinking group according to 1:4 ratio.The 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging data were analyzed;the characteristics of abnormal changed rate of CT sequences after stratification by age and the relations of alcohol consumption with abnormal CT sequences and PET sequences were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 52 patients with excessive alcohol consumption and 200 non-drinking patients were chosen.Among patients aged 45-59 years,the abnormal changed rate of CT sequences in the excessive alcohol consumption group was significantly higher than that in the non-drinking group (P＜0.05).In the CT sequences,33 patients in the 2 groups presented abnormalities,mainly including cerebral atrophy and lacunar infarction.In the PET sequences,62 patients in the two groups presented abnormalities,mainly manifesting as reduced metabolism level of bilateral frontal and parietal lobes.Among the 52 patients from excessive alcohol consumption group,those with abnormal CT sequences were older,had longer drinking history and had higher total drinking amount than those with normal CT sequences,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).As compared with those in patients with normal PET sequences,those with abnormal PET sequences had higher weekly and total alcohol consumption,and longer drinking history,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Excessive alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for structural damages in middle-aged men,which can cause a decrease of glucose metabolism level in the frontal and parietal lobes.

OBJECTIVE To indirectly compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab， tocilizumab， eculizumab， inebilizumab and satralizumab in preventing the relapse of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders， so as to provide reference for clinical drug use. METHODS Retrieved from Embase， Medline， PubMed， CNKI， ClinicalTrials. gov， UMIN Clinical Trials Registry and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about five monoclonal antibodies （trial group） versus placebo or other therapeutic scheme （control group） were collected during the inception to Apr. 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature， extracted data， and assessed the quality of included literature with Cochrane risk bias assessment tool. OpenBUGS software was used for network meta-analysis. In terms of safety， Chi-square test was performed for adverse events （AEs） in trial group and control group. RESULTS A total of 7 RCTs were included， involving 793 patients. The results of surface under the cumulative ranking curve （SUCRA） showed the order of capabilities decreasing relapse risk was： eculizumab＞ rituximab＞inebilizumab＞satralizumab； the order of capabilities reducing the annual recurrence rate was： eculizumab＞ satralizumab； the order of capabilities improving the progress of disability was： eculizumab＞satralizumab＞inebilizumab＞ rituximab＞tocilizumab. In terms of safety， the results of χ2 test showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the risk of total AEs and serious AEs in each study between trial groups and control groups （P＞0.05）； the incidence of infusion reaction， nausea and vomiting in rituximab group， and that of upper respiratory tract infection in eculizumab group were significantly higher than placebo group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The effect of eculizumab is more optimal in three outcomes； in terms of improving the progress of disability， eculizumab， satralizumab and inebilizumab are more effective than the other two drugs； in terms of safety， there are significant goldenmoonsp@163.com differences in some AEs with different grades and individual AEs， but it is not found that they are inconsistent with the 学。E-mail：liyingpds@126.com reported results of the existing literature and drug instructions.