Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Shanxi Cancer Hospital.Methods 70 patients with HIV positive were detected in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2004 to December 2014.55 patients with HIV infection combined with malignant tumors were diagnosed by histopathology,however,15 patients were HIV infection alone.Results 55 cases of HIV infection combined with malignant tumors were 7-80 years old,and 46-55 years old was a high incidence of disease age,15 patients with simple HIV infection were 35 years old (7-55 years old).During 15 kinds of malignant tumors complicated with HIV infection,lung cancer was the most [11 cases (20 ％)],followed by hepatocellular carcinoma in 5 cases (9 ％),gastric cancer in 5 cases (9 ％),and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 5 cases (9 ％).In 70 patients with HIV infection,farmers accounted for 43 ％ (30 cases),they were significantly higher than other occupations.Conclusions The age of HIV infected patients with malignant tumors is higher than that of patients with single HIV infection,which may because of immunocompromised patients have higher incidence of secondary opportunistic infections or malignant tumors.This study shows that with the extension of the survival of patients with the HIV infection,the incidence of malignant tumor is increasing.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and clinical application of measuring blood glucose and urea with electrodes and end reaction methods. Method Using the electrodes and end reaction methods, blood glucose and urea were measured respectively. The results and the relativity between the two methods were compared. Result Comparing the two methods for GLU and UREA, the correlative factors were 0.990 1 and 0.989 1 respectively. They had fairly good comparability. The linear ranges of their regression equations met the clinical needs. With favorable accuracy, the correlative factors were above 0.997 9. Conclusion The electrodes method was rapid and accurate, which was suitable for emergency tests. The ending reaction methods was fairly stable and has less interfering factors, which was fit for the routine use.

BACKGROUND: Herbal wines are an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional medicated wine, lishizhen herbal wine,which can strengthen the immune function, has long been used for some chronic diseases. But,its mechanism remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To explore the immune pharmacodynamics of lishizhen herbal wine and to observe its effect on the immune organs (spleen,pancreas) and lymphocyte transformation rate in mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment based on the observation of the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and the department of pharmacology of a university hospital MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Central Laboratory of Zhongnain Hospital of Wuhan University from September 2000 to December 2000. A total of 90 healthy Kuming mice were involved in the study.METHODS: Different doses of the herbal wine,cartinellin and the same volume of distilled water were given to the experimental animals. The drug administration was orally injected directly to the stomach of the animals once a day and 10 days consecutively. One hour after the last administration,the animals were put to death. Then,the thymus gland and the spleen were taken out and weighed to calculate the indexes of the thymus gland and the spleen. In the last three days of the administration phytohemagglutinin(PHA)was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg once per day. Two hours after the last administration, the tails of the mice were cut out, the blood samples were taken to perform the Wright' s staining,and 100 lymphocytes were counted under immersion and the transformation rate was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: ① The effect on the immune organs of normal mice; ② The effect of PHA on stimulating the lymphocyte transformation in mice. Secondary results: ③ The death condition of the experimental animalsRESULTS: Different doses of the herbal wine increased the spleen index in different degrees. The effect of medium dose group was obvious[(3.71± 0.78) g/kg] (P <0.05),and the thymus gland index increased a little (P>0.05). The cartinellin in the positive control group increased the spleen index[(3.79±0.91 ) g/kg] and there was no impact on thymus gland index. The transformation rates of the lymphocytes of different groups were increased to a different degree and presented a good quantity-effect relationship,especially the group administered a large dose[(45±14)%] (P<0. 01).CONCLUSION: Lishizhen herbal wine has an effect of increasing cellular immune function.

Objective To compare the Dectin-1 signal transduction pathway and its function on dendritic cells between a female patient with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and a healthy woman,and to explore the possible mechanism for VVC recurrence in this patient.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from a female patient with RVVC and a healthy woman.Then,monocytes were isolated from the blood samples,and were induced to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro.The obtained DCs were divided into three groups to be cultured alone,cocultured with Candida albicans or the combination of Candida albicans and anti-Dectin-1 antibodies for different durations.Flow cytometry was performed to determine the expression levels of CD83,CD86 and CD80 on DCs to evaluate the maturity of DCs,Western blot analysis to measure the protein expressions of Dectin-1,Syk and CARD9 in DCs,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-23,tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-12 in the culture supernatant of DCs.Results After co-culture with Candida albicans for 24 hours,the expressions of CD83,CD86 and CD80 were significantly inhibited on the patient-derived DCs compared with the controlderived DCs.Western blot analysis showed no significant differences in the expression of Dectin-1 between the controland patient-derived DCs,but a decrease in the expressions of phosphorylated-Syk and CARD9 in the patient-derived DCs compared with the control-derived DCs after 2-hour coculture with Candida albicans.After co-culture with Candida albicans for 6 hours,the levels of IL-23,TNF-α and IL-12 were lower in the culture supernatant of patient-derived DCs than in that of control-derived DCs.Furthermore,the anti-Dectin antibody showed no inhibitory effects on the activation of the Syk-dependent signal transduction pathway in or the secretion of the above cytokines by the patient-derived DCs.Conclusion The Dectin-1 signal transduction pathway was abnormal in DCs from the patient with RVVC,which may decelerate the maturation of DCs,inhibit the secretion of IL-23,TNF-o and IL-12 by them,and finally result in a defect in natural mucosal immunity against Candida infection in the host.

Objective To establish a new model of cardiac arrest (CA) in rats by transcutaneous electrical epicardium stimulation. Method Two acupuncture needles connected to the anode and cathode of a stimulator were transcutaneously inserted into the epicardium as electrodes. The stimulating current was steered to the epicardium and the stimulation was maintained for 3 minutes to induce CA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed at 6 minutes after a period of nonintervention. Results The success rate of induction was 12/20 at the current intensity of 1 mA; and reached 20/20 when the current intensity was increased to 2 mA. The average time from the electrical stimulation to CA induction was (5. 10 ± 2. 81) seconds. When the electrical stimulation stopped, 18/20 rats had ventricular fibrillation and 2/20 rats had pulseless electrical activity. CPR was performed for averagely 207.4 ( ± 148.8) seconds. The restoration of spontaneous circulation was 20/20. The death rate within 4 hours after CA was 5/20, and the 72-hour survival rate was 10/20. There were only two cases of complications, a minor muscle contraction and a minor lung lobe injury. Conclusions The model of CA in rats induced by transcutaneous electrical epicardium stimulation is a stable model that requires low-intensity current and has fewer complications.

Microbial fouling is important one of fouling in industrial circulating cooling water system. In suitable conditions, microorganisms that caused the forming of fouling could reproduce rapidly, which would increase evidently fouling resistance, flow resistance and corrosion rate, so much as block water cur- rent path to result in running failure of equipments. This paper introduces the concept of microbial fouling, and illuminates the status, function and characteristic of detection technology research for microbial fouling. The present known forming processes of microbial fouling and their important impact factors are summed up. The commonly used monitoring methods at home and abroad, their merits and defects, and also the latest research developments are analyzed especially in the paper. At last, the authors point out the development trends of detection technology for microbial fouling.

Through introducing mutations into ribosomes by obtaining spontaneous drug resistance of microorganisms, ribosome engineering technology is an effective approach to develop mutant strains that overproduce secondary metabolites. In this study, ribosome engineering was used to improve the yield of butenyl-spinosyns produced by Saccharopolyspora pogona by screening streptomycin resistant mutants. The yields of butenyl-spinosyns were then analyzed and compared with the parent strain. Among the mutants, S13 displayed the greatest increase in the yield of butenyl-spinosyns, which was 1.79 fold higher than that in the parent strain. Further analysis of the metabolite profile of S13 by mass spectrometry lead to the discovery of Spinosyn α1, which was absent from the parent strain. DNA sequencing showed that there existed two point mutations in the conserved regions of rpsL gene which encodes ribosomal protein S12 in S13. The mutations occurred a C to A and a C to T transversion mutations occurred at nucleotide pair 314 and 320 respectively, which resulted in the mutations of Proline (105) to Gultamine and Alanine (107) to Valine. It also demonstrated that S13 exhibited genetic stability even after five passages.
Genetic Engineering ; Macrolides ; metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Ribosomal Proteins ; genetics ; Ribosomes ; metabolism ; Saccharopolyspora ; metabolism

The rate of erectile dysfunction after radical retropubic prostatectomy is from 10% to 100%. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy is more than one third. In the patients who had undergone bilateral NS, 72% responded to sildenafil, 71.7% and 59.7% responded to 20 mg and 10 mg of vardenafil respectively. For all randomized patients who received tadalafil, the mean percentage of successful penetration attempts was 54% and the mean percentage of successful intercourse attempts was 41%. For the subgroup with evidence of postoperative tumescence these values were 69% and 52%, respectively. No head-to-head trials have been performed with sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil in treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.
Carbolines ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Purines ; therapeutic use ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Sulfones ; therapeutic use ; Tadalafil ; Triazines ; therapeutic use ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 ( MDR1), glutathione-S-transferases-pi (GST-pi) in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma tissues from 34 patients and their correlation with chemotherapy resistance.

METHODSMDR1 and GST-pi expressions were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and flow cytometry (FCM) at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Chemotherapy sensitivity on adriamycin, cisplatinum, fluorouracil, mitomycin C, dacarbazine, vincristine, methotrexate in tumor tissues were detected by MTT assay.

RESULTSThe nonsensitive rates on adriamycin, cisplatinum, fluorouracil, mitomycin C, dacarbazine, vincristine, methotrexate in tumor tissues were 41.18%, 17.7%, 47.1%, 50.0%, 76.5%, 61.8% and 52.9%, respectively. The expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and GST-pi in tumor tissues was 1.54 and 2.58 (relative fluorescence intensity). Chi2 analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between P-gp expression and drug resistance on ADM, GST-pi expression and resistance on ADM, DDP and MMC (P < 0.05). There was not seen obvious correlation between expression of MDR1, GST-pi and age, gender, pathological type, tumor size in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients (P > 0.05). The expression of GST-pi was increased in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy. The rate of postoperative recurrence was higher in patients with higher GST-pi expression level than those with lower GST-pi expression level before operation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIndividual differences exist in chemotherapy sensitivity and expression of MDR1 and GST-pi in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas patients. Chemotherapy can induce up-regulation of GST-pi protein expression. Primary high expression of GST-pi is the main mechanism of resistance of osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas to chemotherapy and is related to poor prognosis.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitolactol ; therapeutic use ; Mitomycins ; therapeutic use ; Osteosarcoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sarcoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDRecent studies have suggested that susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD) might be related to the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HTR1A) C (-1019) G polymorphism. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between 5-HTR1A C (-1019) G polymorphism and MDD in the Northern Han ethnic group of China.

METHODSThe C (-1019) G of 5-HTR1A was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 400 patients with MDD and 400 unrelated age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Association between the C (-1019) G and MDD was statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThere was a statistically significant difference between MDD patients and controls in both the genotype distribution (Chi(2) = 10.913, df = 2, P = 0.004) and the allele frequency (Chi(2) = 10.379, df = 1, P = 0.001), and a significant difference in the genotype distribution and the allele frequency was found both in the female subjects (Genotype distribution: Chi(2) = 15.406, df = 2, P = 0.000; allele frequency: Chi(2) = 15.552, df = 1, P = 0.000) and the late-onset subjects (Genotype distribution: Chi(2) = 7.771, df = 2, P = 0.021; allele frequency: Chi(2) = 8.007, df = 1, P = 0.005) in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that 5-HTR1A C (-1019) G polymorphism is probably associated with MDD and it is likely to be the susceptible gene locus for the female and late-onset MDD.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; ethnology ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ; genetics