BACKGROUND: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is the primary cause of neonatal brain injury, which retards the mental development in affected infants.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of early intervention on mental and psychological development in infants with HIE, study the time-effect relation of the early intervention, and to find an optimal time for intervention.DESIGN: A time series of following-up and a non-randomized concurrent controlled investigation.SETTING: Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated to Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: From February 1999 to May 2001, in the Pediatric Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to the Central South University, the inpatient and outpatient infants with HIE were selected. There were 32 inpatients in the intervention group, 10 with moderate HIE and 22 with severe HIE. There were 36 outpatients in the control group, 10 with moderate HIE and 26 with severe HIE. Comparison was performed between these two groups.METHODS: BRS and the Infant and Child Mental Development Scales,made by The Institute of Psychology of The Chinese Academy of Science and The China National Children' s Center(CNCC), were adopted in the assessment between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental Development Index(MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index(PDI) scores of the two groups were compared.were significantly higher in the intervention group(90.50 ± 11.12/90. 34±12.49,94.06±14.96/92.03±13.07,90.78±7.46/91.38 ± 13.87)than those in the control group(62.28±7.44/62.67±6.06, 59.11following-up results showed that one patient in the intervention group had a MDI score at the critical threshold value, and two patients had PDI scores at the critical threshold value. For all the other patients in this group, the MDI/PDI scores of them were above the moderate range. In contrast, all the 36 infants in control group had developed mental deficiencies at that time.CONCLUSION: A quantifiable effect of the intervention can be observed in patients at 3 months of life. This indicates that an early intervention is essential for improving the mental development in infants with HIE.

Objective To evaluate antibacterial activities of Cefoperazone-Sulbactam upon gram negative bacilli,and compare the differences in susceptibility between two different concentrations of Cefoperazone-Sulbactam combination disc.Method A total of 381 strains of commonly occurred gram negative bacilli were found from 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,The Third Hospital of Hangzhou and Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine respectively.Susceptibility test was conducted by K-B method using 75 μg/disc Cefoperazone plus with 75 μg/disc Sulbactam(150 disc)and 75 μg/disc Cefoperazone with 30 μg/disc Sulbactam(105 disc),respectively.Meanwhile the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of Cefoperazone-Sulbactam was determined by standard agar dilution.The data were analyzed by using WHONET 5.4 and SPSS.Results Disc diffusion method was carried out to detect the antibacterial activities upon Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii,using 105 disc and 150 disc,respectively.The data indicated that consistency rates between these two different discs were 26.3%,79.2%,83.7%and 33%,respectively.The k-related sample test was performed by using SPSS version 10.0 and shown that the P value was less than 0.05.Upon those organisms mentioned above,the consistency rates between the antibacterial activities of 105 disc and those of agar dilution were 77.8%,89.6%,70.9%and 77%,respectively.When it was going to compare agar dilution vs.150 disc upon the susceptibility of those organisms the consistency rates were 27.3%,79.2%,61.6%and 30%,respectively.Compared with agar dilution,the error rates of those two different concentration discs revealed that the false susceptibility and false intermediate of 105 disc were higher than those of 105 disc.ConclusionsThe results of susceptibility test showed that 105 disc was more close to agar dilution than that of 150 disc.However,the 150 disc used in clinic led to increase in sensitivity of susceptibility test to organisms.

Objective To comprehensively analyze the effect of low-dose radiation on the lens of the eye of radiation workers.Methods The papers dealing with the relationship between occupational radiation exposure and the lens of the eye were collected by retrieving documents of the domestic and foreign medical information databases with references to other papers.There were 28 papers finalized with 17 608 workers included in the Meta-analysis.Stata12.0 was used for Meta-analysis,Q-test and I2 statistic for heterogeneity test,and funnel regression method,Begg's rank method and Egger's regression method for publication bias.Results The pooling odds ratio (OR) opacity in radiation workers were 2.51 (2.01,3.13),4.03 (2.77,5.85),respectively.Conclusions Low-dose radiation may lead to negative impact on ocular lens under the current occupational protection conditions.The proportion of posterior subcapsular opacity in radiation-related cataract is higher than that in age-related cataract.It is important to strengthen radiation protection of ocular lens.

Objective To quantitatively investigate the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on the frequencies of chromosome aberrations and micronucleus-containing cells of radiation workers.Methods Nine electronic databases were systematically searched on the basis of the published studies evaluating the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on the frequencies of chromosome aberrations and micronucleuscontaining cells.Of the 195 studies searched,21 studies were identified with a total of 1 970 626 cells under studying.Cochrane' s Q and I2 statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies and pooling odds ratio (OR) with 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effect models or fixed-effect models,and publication bias were also calculated.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0.Results The pooling OR of chromosome-type aberrations [OR =3.03 (2.59,3.56)],dicentric plus centric rings [OR =4.12 (2.99,5.67)],translocations [OR =2.73 (1.67,4.46)],micronucleuscontaining cells [OR =1.70 (1.40-2.06)] were higher for radiation workers when compared with control group.Conclusions The frequencies of chromosome aberrations and micronucleus cell of peripheral lymphocytes are significantly high in radiation workers who were occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation.It should be noted that the radiation protection of radiological workers be enhanced.

Objective To modify the methods of operation and establishment of cerebral ischemia rat models made by thread occlusion. Method We randomly divided 120 male SD rats into a common group (n = 50), an improvement group (n = 60) and a sham-operated group (n - 10). Rats in the common and improvement groups were made into models using the common and improvement methods separately. All models were evaluated on the basis of physical sign indices and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The TTC staining results were taken as gold standards. Then, we compared the achievement ratios of the two groups, and computed the sensitivity and specificity of every physical sign index based on these standards. The χ~2 or correction χ~2 test was used to compare the ratios. Results (1) The achievement ratio in the improvement group was significantly higher than that in the common group (71.67% vs. 52.00%, P = 0.034). (2) The sensitivity of evaluation for both common and improvement methods was 98.55%. However, the specificity of evaluation for the improvement method was significantly higher than that for the common method (100.00% vs. 40.00%, P =0.000). Conclusions The establishment achievement ratio and evaluation correctness of models are obviously elevated by modification of the operation and establishment methods.

The rate of erectile dysfunction after radical retropubic prostatectomy is from 10% to 100%. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy is more than one third. In the patients who had undergone bilateral NS, 72% responded to sildenafil, 71.7% and 59.7% responded to 20 mg and 10 mg of vardenafil respectively. For all randomized patients who received tadalafil, the mean percentage of successful penetration attempts was 54% and the mean percentage of successful intercourse attempts was 41%. For the subgroup with evidence of postoperative tumescence these values were 69% and 52%, respectively. No head-to-head trials have been performed with sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil in treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.
Carbolines ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Purines ; therapeutic use ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Sulfones ; therapeutic use ; Tadalafil ; Triazines ; therapeutic use ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

Objective To investigate the relationship between CT scanning results and clinical prognosis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH) and to provide clinical evidence for recurrence, stroke prevention, and the management of high risk HICH people. Methods The data of 425 patients (male 269, female 156) with HICH admitted to our hospital from January, 2000 to December, 2004 were collected and the relationships among bleeding locations, volumes of bleeding, age, gender and their prognosis were examined. These data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software. Results In all patients with HICH, supratentoriai intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH, 87.53%) was mainly showed with an average volume of bleeding of (30.042±27.905) ml and 39 death (10.5%);infratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (IICH, 8.94%) appeared with an average volume of bleeding of (7.838±5.761) ml and 2 death (5.3%). As to bleeding location, the basal ganglia ranked first (65.65%), the lobe of brain accounted for 20.71% and following ones were the brain stem (6.12%), the ventrieular system (3.29%), the cerebellum (2.82%), the corona radiate (0.71%), the corpus eallosum (0.47%) and multi-site hemorrhage (0.24%). Bleeding locations significantly differed among different age groups (X<'2>=22.080, P=0.001). Conclusions Mortality of HICH is higher in patients with SICH than that in patients with IICH. Volume of bleeding is one of the most important risk factors and 40 mL is the maximum bleeding. The more volume of bleeding is;the higher mortality is. Morbility and age are positively correlative, while younger group have significantly higher morbility of IICH than elder group because their circuitous and dilated vertebral artery may be a kind of protective mechanism which can reduce the development of HICH to some extent. Early CT scanning can note bleeding location and volume of bleeding, and then help to determine proper treatment and predict clinical prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevention of esophageal varices recurrence by laser inducing esophageal mucosal fibrosis.

METHODSOur study included 42 patients after esophageal varices eradicated by endoscopic varices ligation, and they were divided into 2 groups randomly, each group included 21 patients. One group was assigned to received laser treatment, and indocyanine green solution (1 mg/ml) was injected submucosally, a diode laser (power 10 watts) was applied to the surface from the esophagogastric junction to 5 cm above it. Another group was controlling without any treatments. All patient were followed up by endoscopy every 3 months until 12 months.

RESULTSLaser irradiation was performed safely without any major complications. And lower esophageal mucosa produced fibrosis widely after laser irradiated 1 month. After 12 months follow up, the cumulative recurrence rate was significantly lower than the control group, 14% (3/21) vs 43% (9/21) (chi(2) = 4.20, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOur study indicates that laser inducing mucous fibrosis is safely and can prevent recurrence of esophageal varices.

Adult ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus ; pathology ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; methods ; Ligation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; pathology ; Secondary Prevention

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between ABO blood groups and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).

METHODSThe clinical data of 425 patients with HICH admitted to Nanfang Hospital were collected to analyze the relationship between the ABO blood groups and the occurrence of HICH, with normal Han Chinese subjects serving as the controls.

RESULTSCompared to the officially documented distribution of ABO groups in Chinese population (O 34.11%, B 28.98%, A 28.29%, AB 8.69%) and in Guangzhou residents (O 46.00%, B 25.00%, A 23.00%, AB 6.00%), a significant difference was noted in the blood group distribution in this cohort (O 45.10%, A 26.00%, B 24.00%, AB 4.90%). O blood type individuals with HICH showed a higher morbidity than others. Th ABO blood type distribution in this cohort showed no significant difference from that in the control group (P>0.05), but differed significantly from the Chinese norm (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe ABO blood group is a factor contributing to the occurrence of HICH. O blood type is related to cerebral hemorrhage, and may serve as a risk factor for HICH.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDCurrently, whether or not there is visuospatial impairments in Chinese dyslexic children is still a matter of discussion. The relatively recent application of an eye-tracking paradigm may offer an opportunity to address this issue. In China, in comparison with reading studies, there have not been nearly as many eye movement studies dealing with nonreading tasks such as picture identification and whether Chinese children with dyslexia have a picture processing deficit is not clear. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether or not there is visuospatial impairments in Chinese dyslexic children. Moreover, we attempted to discuss whether or not the abnormal eye movement pattern that dyslexic subjects show during reading of text appropriate for their age is a consequence of their linguistic difficulties.

METHODSAn eye-link II High-Speed Eye Tracker was used to track the series of eye-movement of 19 Chinese dyslexic children and 19 Chinese normal children. All of the subjects were presented with three pictures for this eye-tracking task and 6 relative eye-movement parameters, first fixation duration, average fixation duration, average saccade amplitude, mean saccade distance, fixation frequency and saccade frequency were recorded for analysis.

RESULTSAnalyzing the relative parameter among three pictures, except for the fixation frequency and the saccade frequency, other eye-movement parameters were significantly different among the three pictures (P<0.05). Among the three pictures, the first fixation duration was longer, and the average fixation duration, the average saccade amplitude and the mean saccade distance were shorter from picture 2 to picture 3. Comparing all eye-movement parameter between the two groups, the scores of average saccade amplitude (P=0.017) and the mean saccade distance (P=0.02) were less in the dyslexia group than in the normal group (P<0.05), other parameters were the same in the two different groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe characteristics of the pictures can significantly influence the visuospatial cognitive processing capability of the Chinese children. There is a detectable disability for the Chinese dyslexic children in the visuospatial cognitive processing: their saccade amplitude and mean saccade distance are shorter, which may be interpreted as specific for their reading disability.

Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Dyslexia ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Saccades