Objective: To compare the absorption characteristics of Luodian Borneolum and muscone after nasal unidirectional perfusion with different Xingnaojing preparations in rats. Methods: The nasal unidirectional perfusion model was used, the contents of Luodian Borneolum and muscone were determined by GC method, and the absorption of Luodian Borneolum and muscone in Xingnaojing Nasal Drop (XN) and Xingnaojing Microemulsion (XM) were compared. Results: The absorption rate constants (Ka) of Luodian Borneolum in XN and XM were (1.00 ± 0.02)and (0.76 ± 0.03) min-1, respectively, and the Ka values of muscone in XN and XM were (0.76 ± 0.02) and (0.58 ± 0.10) min-1, respectively. Conclusion: The absorption of Luodian Borneolum and muscone in XN are both faster than that in XM.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising new source of renewable biofuel that can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.Researches have been done over the last decades.And considerable progress has been made.The abilities and pathways of natural microorganisms to produce ethanol from cellulose are different.So the researches of reconstructing and recombinating the useful genes from different strains are of great significance to improve the yield of ethanol production and reduce the cost.The characteristics and mechanisms of natural ethanologenic strains and the research progress of constructing recombinant strains was introduced and also analyzed the perspectives and challenges.

Objective: To develop an HPLC method for the determination of geniposide concentration in mouse brain and to investigate the pharmacokinetics after iv injection of Xingnaojing Injection. Methods: Forty mice were iv injected with Xingnaojing Injection 18 mg/kg (by geniposide), and the brain samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after eyeball bleeding and 5 mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The whole brain of mice was separated quickly to prepare brain homogenates, and the concentration of geniposide was detected by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the software of Kinetica and the fitting method was noncompartmental. Results: The calibration curve was in good linear in the range of 54-1620 ng/g, r=0.9991. The extraction recoveries of geniposide brain drug concentration at 216, 864, and 1620 ng/g were (102.60 ± 4.28)%, (102.16 ± 4.48)%, and (97.66 ± 3.25)%, respectively. And the RSD values of inter-and intra-day were below 4.10%. The pharmacokinetic parameters were that the Cmax was (1 246.0 ± 520.7) ng/g, the tmax was 1 min, the MRT was (50.5 ± 1.9) min, and the AUC was (35780.3 ± 6148.0) ng/(g·min). Conclusion: The HPLC method for determining geniposide concentration in brain is simple, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Macrophages* ; Monocytes* ; Substance P*

BACKGROUND:The two main cages used in anterior cervical surgery are titanium cages and poly(ether-ether-ketone) cages, but it is stil controversial in imaging performances and clinical outcomes.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y evaluate imaging performances and clinical outcomes between titanium cages and poly(ether-ether-ketone) cages in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery.
METHODS:The Cochrane library (issue 5, 2013), Medline database, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang database were retrieved by computer. The deadline of al the retrieves concerning control study of uses of titanium cages and poly(ether-ether-ketone) cages was June 1st, 2013. Two reviewers assessed literatures independently, and the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.2 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of four literatures including 235 patients, 128 of titanium cages and 107 of poly(ether-ether-ketone) cages, were included. Meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistical y significant difference between the groups in fusion rates, subsidence and dislocation rates of short-term fol ow-up and clinical outcomes (al P>0.05). There were statistical y significant differences between the groups in subsidence and dislocation rates of long-term fol ow-up (P<0.05). Poly(ether-ether-ketone) cage group was superior to titanium cages group in maintenance of cervical curvature and intervertebral height. This meta-analysis showed that poly(ether-ether-ketone) cages had good fusion rates and clinical outcomes, less subsidence and dislocation rates, and can better maintain cervical curvature and intervertebral height compared with titanium cages.

Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy

Objective To evaluate the clinical pathway (CP) for treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from hospitalized patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) who were treated surgically between April 2011 to December 2012.Patient treated with the clinical pathway (the CP group) were compared with patients who were treated with conventional treatment (the non-CP group).The following outcomes were compared:the average length of in-hospital stay,the hospital charges,patient's satisfaction,patient's knowledge about his/ her own health and postoperative complications.Results For the CP groups,the length of in-hospital stay,the hospital charges,the patient's satisfaction and the health knowledge for the patients were (10.25±1.26)d,(19600.25±1520.73) yuan,(46.4 5±2.14),(83.50±8.02),respectively.The corresponding figures for the non-CP group were (14.25 ± 1.50) d,(23931.25 ± 1629.17) yuan,(42.65 ± 1.93),(74.50 ± 12.60),respectively.There were significant differences between the 2 groups (t=-4.086,-4.074,8.351,3.811 ; P＜0.05).The postoperative complications,including bile leakage,bleeding,ascites and pleural effusion,were 2,0,2 cases in the CP group,and 0,4,5 cases in the non-CP group.There were no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.17,0,0.6; P＞0.05).Conclusion Our initial clinical experience showed that the clinical pathway decreased the length of in-hospital stay and hospital charges,and provided quality and efficient clinical services to patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Objective To review our experience in treatment of liver hydatid diease.Methods The data of 819 patients who underwent surgery for hepatic hydatid disease were reviewed retrospectively.Exploration of common bile duct was done in 172 cases.There were men 95 and women 77with a mean age of 31.5±0.5 years.In addition to treatment of the cyst cavity,patients was divided into two groups.The patients in group A received cholangiography and exploration of common bile duct through cystic duct while those in group B underwent cholangiography and common bile duct ex-pioration through T tube.Results The length of hospital stay and cavity-related problems for both groups had no significant difference.Biliary tract-related problems in two groups had significant differ-ence.Conclusion Cholangiography and common bile duct exploration through cystic duct can com-pletely solve the cavity-related problems while avoiding T-tube related problems.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Tree-Drawing Test in medical college students.Methods The study randomly selected 312 aged 19 to 23-year-old medical students to take part in TreeDrawing Test.In addition,a total of 275 college students were selected to receive re-test,30 days late and Pearson correlation coefficient of two tests were calculated.The three raters were invited to assess 30 trees painting score,analyzing the Kendall coefficient of concordance between the scores to verify raters' reliability; parts of students also participated in the 16PF test,SAS,SDS test,analyzing the correlation coefficient between the various test results,in order to assess the effectiveness of the Tree-Drawing Test.Results The re-test reliability in different time was 0.570-0.733 and 0.341-0.713 (P＜0.05),the raters' reliability was 0.491 ～ 0.626(P＜0.05),there are some correlations between Tree-Drawing Test and 16PF,SAS,SDS.Conclusion The Tree-Drawing Test has good reliability and validity; it can be applied to the detection of college students' psychological assessment and psychological problems.

Objective To explore the methods of preparing whole blood control of seven trace elements (magnesium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc,lead,calcium) in laboratory and evaluate its performance.Methods Heparin sodium anticoagulant calf whole blood was used as substrateMetal salt or standard solution with target concentration of each element was added.And whole blood control product was made after process of anticorrosion,mixing and sub-packaging.Antibacterial effect was observed,uniformity and stabilitywasevaluatedaccording to CNAS-GL03 and matrix effects was evaluatedaccording to CLSI EP14.SDI (standard deviation index) and detection coefficient of variation (CV)were calculated to evaluateapplication effectiveness.Results Laboratory preparation of whole blood control reached target concentration,sterility tests was qualified,results of uniformity and stability indicated that the substrate was even and stable at least for one year.Besides,matrix effects of other six elements can be ignored except lead.Historical and inter-laboratory comparisons had shown that laboratory preparation of whole blood control has no obvious difference with commercial ones in performance.Conclusion The formulation and evaluation scheme of whole blood control of seven trace elements (magnesium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc,lead,calcium) was feasible and can be used as commercial ones for elementary tests in medical laboratory.