Tacrolimus is a novel immunosuppressant used in the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases.More and more studies have shown that tacrolimus has a certain therapeutic effect on myasthenia gravis (MG).This article reviews the mechanism,clinical researches,adverse reactions,dosage and clinical evaluation of tacrolimus in the treatment of MG.

Objective:To study the antiviral effect of ISG20 on HCV replicon.Methods:Wild type ISG20/mutated ISG20 cDNAs were obtained by RT-PCR/two step-PCR directed mutagenesis, and wild type ISG20 and dominant negative mutated ISG20 mammal expression vectors were consuructed. The constructed pISG20wt and pISG20m expressing vectors were transfected into Huh7 cells or Huh7 cells containing HCV replicon to investigate its effects on HCV replicon replication.Results:The ISG20wt/ISG20m expression vectors were constructed and the expressions of these two vectors were confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels. The effects of ISG20wt on HCV replicon replication were evaluated by Northern blot and Western blot. The results showed that expression of ISG20wt had significant inhibitory effect on HCV RNA replication.Conclusion:ISG20 participates in the anti-HCV action of IFN-? on HCV replicon system.

OBJECTIVE:To observe short-term efficacy and ADR of nedaplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with thermotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS:64 patients with middle and advanced esophageal cancer were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 32 cases in each group. Control group was given nedaplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy,nedaplatin 30 mg/m2,ivgtt,every week during chemotherapy;treatment group re-ceived thermotherapy by high frequency heating machine before chemoradiotherapy,60 min/time,twice a week;received chemora-diotherapy 30 min after thermotherapy. Short-term efficacy and ADR were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:The short-term total effective rate of treatment group(84.4%)was higher than that of control group(62.5%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of bone marrow suppression,radioactive esophagitis and gastrointestinal reactions in treatment group vs. control group were(21.9%)vs.(46.9%),(18.8%)vs.(56.3%),(31.3%)vs.(59.4%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Nedaplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with thermotherapy is better than concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced esophageal cancer with low incidence of ADR.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) protein in sinonasal squamoucell carcinoma(SNSCC) .MethodThe immunohistochemical SP method and Western blomethod were adopted to determine the expression of Dkk-1 and Bcl-2 in 30 specimenof SNSC(SNSCgroup) ,38 specimenof sinonasal inverted papillomas(SNIP group) and 20 specimenof middle turbinate mucosa(control group) .ResultThe expression of DKK-1 protein in the SNSCgroup wasignificantly down-regulated compared with the SNIP group and the control group ,while the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the SNSCgroup wasignificantly up-regulated compared with the SNIP group and the control group;in the SNSCgroup ,the positive rateof DKK-1 protein and Bcl-2 protein in the high and middle differentiation group and the low differentiation group were 100 .00% ,68 .75% ,33 .33% and 50 .00% ,62 .50% ,100 .00% respectively ,the differencewere statistically significan(P＜0 .05) .Conclusion Dkk-1 protein may play an importanpromoting role in the developmenand pro-gression procesof SNSC,the expression of Dkk-1 protein hanegative correlation with the expression of Bcl-2 protein in SNSC,which may become new targespoof SNSCgene therapy .

AIM　To study the protective effects of trigonella foenum graecum(TFGs) on acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS　Acute incomplete ischemia was induced by ligaturing bilateral carotid arterise and cutting heads in mice, the survival time and asthmatic time were observed; the coagulation timewas measured by sheet glass method,and the blood viscosity was also assayed; the platelet aggregation induced by collagen were studied by turbdimetry in vitro. RESULTS　TFGs prolonged survival time, coagulation time and asthmatic time significantly and inhibited platelet aggregation ratio in rabbit,and decreased the blood viscosity. CONCLUSION　TFGs has the protective effects on acute cerebral ischemia.

Objective To study the effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transplantation on CCl4 induced hepatic cirrhosis in rats. Methods Eight male SD rats were used as normal control. Thirty rats were induced liver cirrhosis by feeding with 25% CCl4/olive oil for 12 weeks, and then were subdivided into cirrhosis group (n = 10), EPCs transplanted group (n = 10) and saline control group (n = 10). EPCs were transplanted into the portal vein for 4 weeks in EPCs transplanted group. Rats in EPCs nontransplanted group were sacrificed at the beginning of the 12th week. Rats in EPCs transplanted group and saline control group were killed at the beginning of 16th week. Serum biochemical parameters were examined. The degree of liver cirrhosis was evaluated by Masson staining and by detecting the expression of α-SMA, Collagen Ⅲ and Ki67. Results The volumes of liver in cirrhosis group were twice as much as that in normal rats. 12 weeks after CCl4 administration, compared with saline control group, in EPCs transplanted group, hepatic activity index (HAI) ( F = 75. 062, P < 0. 01 ), the levels of ALT( F = 29. 942, P<0.05), AST(F=16.618,P<0.05) and TBIL(F=9.911 ,P<0.05) in serum decreased, the level of Alb ( F = 4. 944, P < 0. 05 ) and Ki67 ( F = 45. 966, P < 0. 01 ) was increased, the expression of α-SM A ( F = 7.86,P<0.05) and collagen Ⅲ (F = 135.787,P <0.01) decreased (P <0.05). Compared with untransplanted group, in EPCs transplanted group, the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL in serum were lower; In saline control group, the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL in serum were higher, the level of Alb and Ki67was lower, the expression of α-SMA and collagen Ⅲ were higher( P < 0. 05 ). Compared with normal rats, in saline control group, the levels of INR were higher (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion EPCs transplantation improves hepatocye regeneration and ameliorates established hepatic cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of HBV on the expression of fibrosis-related factors in hepatic stellate cells(HSC)and its relation with liver fibrosis.Methods HSCs were co-cultured with HepG2 or HepG2.2.15 in vitro and HSCs cultured alone served as the control.The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1 was detected by realtime PCR.The protein expression of MMP-2 and TIMp-1 was detected by Western-blot.Results Compared with the control and the HSCs co-cultured with HepG2,the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in HSCs co-cultured with HepG2.2.15 was increased remarkably and the most significant difference was found at 72 h(F=11.91,23.13;P=0.008,0.001);the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein in HSCs co-cuhured with HepG2.2.15 was also increased remarkably and the most significant difference was found at 72 h(F=20.70,6.54;P=0.002,0.003)too.Conclusion The expression of fibrosis-related factors in HSCs increased significantly after co-cultured with HepG2.2.15,which suggests that HBV could promote liver fibrosis.

Aim To study on the diuretic effect of a phenylphthalazines compound PU1424 and its influence on electrolyte balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic and renal functions.Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into solvent control group,PU1424 treated group and HCTZ treated group.Urine was collected per 6 h and blood samples were collected at the end of drug administration.Urinary osmolality was measured by Freezing Point Osmometer;urea concentration was measured by Urea Detection Kit;ion level, blood glucose level, blood lipid level, hepatic and renal function were analyzed by Automatic Biochemical Analyzer.Results Compared to the solvent control group, and urine output of rats treated with PU1424 and HCTZ was increased as 1.52 times and 1.78 times and water intake increased as 1.42 times and 1.56 times respectively.Urine osmolalities were decreased as 61.5% and 50.4% of the control group, and urine urea concentration was decreased as 57.1% and 56.8% of the control group.Urinary electrolytes were decreased by administration of PU1424 and HCTZ compared to the intact plasma electrolytes.The blood glucose levels and blood lipid levels of rats treated with PU1424 had no changes, while the blood glucose and total cholesterol were increased by administration of HCTZ.The urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and total protein were intact by administration of PU1424 and HCTZ except the alanine/straw ration increased by HCTZ.Conclusion New diuretic candidate compound PU1424 displays significant diuretic effect with electrolyte balance, blood glucose level, blood lipid level, hepatic and renal function intact.

Objective To evaluate the clinical presentations,pathologic characteristics,and the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic cystitis.Methods Two cases of eosinophilic cystitis were analyzed,and the relevant literature was reviewed.Case 1,a 63-year-old man,complained of voiding urgency and frequency,dysuria,intermittent hematuria,and lower abdominal pain.Cystoscopic examination showed that an about 5cm?3cm abnormal focus was 0.2-0.4 cm above bladder mucosa at the fundus of the bladder.Case 2,a 42-year-old woman,complained of voiding urgency and frequency,dysuria,and suprapubic pain with intermittent hematuria.Cystoscopic examination showed that about 4 cm?3 cm?2 cm abnormal foci of cauliflower-like were 0.3-0.4 cm above bladder mucosa at the fundus and neck of the bladder.Imaging examinations(Bultrasound,CT and IVU) showed diffuse thickening of bladder wall and tumor-like lesions.They both underwent transurethral resection of the lesions and were treated with oral steroids and antibiotics.Results Postoperative pathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis in both cases.The follow-up was 6 months.The voiding symptoms disappeared,and imaging examinations showed no space-occupying lesions of the bladder in them.Up to now,there has no evidence of relapse.Conclusions Eosinophilic cystitis is a very rare tumor-like inflammatory disease.It is easily misdiagnosed as bladder neoplasm.Cystoscopy and biopsy are gold standard for the diagnosis.Current treatment modalities include transurethral resection of the bladder lesion along with nonspecific medical therapy.

It is extremely necessary and important for colleges or universities to transform the education concepts that barricade students' initiative and creativity, especially the one that takes fi-nal examinations as sole standard to evaluate teaching and learning effects. In order to display and cultivate students' study ability more comprehensively, we manage to establish a set of formative eval-uation system for regional anatomy course , which involves tests and examinations and evaluations throughout the whole teaching and learning process. It solves the long-lasting problem that examina-tions are final purposes of teaching and learning, and thus, teaching values not only results but also learning process, which directs students' attention to conventional studies and helps develop good study habits, greatly reducing the randomness of final academic performances. The diverse assessment methods, along with accumulated assessment results, can improve students' learning effects through-out the whole semester. The fundamental purpose of this system is to inspire students' passion for study and creativity and monitor the teaching process.