1.Bone marrow cryptococcosis: a case report.
Rajagopal Saravana ; Debdatta Basu ; S Chandrakumar ; Bendangtoshi S Longkumer ; R P Swaminathan
The Malaysian journal of pathology 2003;25(1):69-72
A 35-year-old male presented with fever and bilateral cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood film examination revealed thrombocytopaenia. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy, done for evaluation of thrombocytopaenia and pyrexia showed presence of ill-defined granulomas along with cryptococcal yeast forms. Fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes, cerebrospinal fluid and sputum analyses also showed cryptococci. ELISA for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antigen was positive. Granulomas, when found in bone marrow aspiration smears and trephine biopsy, are a valuable histological clue to an opportunistic infection. Disseminated fungal infection such as cryptococcosis should raise the possibility of immunosuppression, especially Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Bone marrow examination is a useful method of diagnosing opportunistic fungal and mycobacterial infections in patients with fever, anaemia or thrombocytopaenia and underlying HIV infection.
Fever
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Infection by Cryptococcus neoformans
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Bone Marrow
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seconds
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biopsy characteristics
2.The medical, functional and social challenges faced by older adults with intellectual disability.
Liang En WEE ; Gerald Ch KOH ; Linda S AUYONG ; Angela Lk CHEONG ; Thant Thant MYO ; Jingyi LIN ; Esther Mk LIM ; Serene Xy TAN ; Sridevi SUNDARAMURTHY ; Chu Wen KOH ; Prabha RAMAKRISHNAN ; Reena AARIYAPILLAI-RAJAGOPAL ; Hemamalini VAIDYNATHAN-SELVAMUTHU ; Ma Ma KHIN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2013;42(7):338-349
INTRODUCTIONLittle is known about the sociodemographic and clinical profile of older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Singapore. We studied the sociodemographic and clinical profile of older adults with ID and investigated factors associated with caregiver availability and identity in this population.
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study population involved all adults with ID aged ≥40 years receiving services from the Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS), the largest such provider in Singapore. Information on sociodemographic and clinical profiles, functional status, and availability of caregivers were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires from guardians of older adults with ID. Descriptive characteristics were computed and chi-square and logistic regression identifi ed predictors of caregiver availability and identity.
RESULTSParticipation was 95% (227/239). There were differences in client age, gender, and caregiver availability between recipients of residential and non-residential services (all P <0.05). Common comorbidities included hyperlipidaemia (17.6%), hypertension (15.9%), psychiatric diagnoses (16.3%) and epilepsy (10.6%). The majority were fully independent in basic activities of daily living, but only 21.1% were fully communicative. Only a small minority (9.4%) were exercising regularly. The majority (73.5%) of clients had a primary caregiver; almost equal proportions relied on either parents or siblings. Older client age was associated independently with the lack of a primary caregiver, independent of greater functional dependence and presence of medical comorbidities in the client.
CONCLUSIONOlder adults with ID have multiple medical, functional, and social issues. More can be done to support the care of this unique group of adults with special needs.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Caregivers ; classification ; statistics & numerical data ; supply & distribution ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Comorbidity ; Demography ; Epilepsy ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; epidemiology ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Intellectual Disability ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors
3.Iliac Bone Graft For Chronic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation with Massive Bone Loss
Mathavan K ; Harikrishnan KT ; Ramachandran R ; Rajagopal S ; Singh K
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2018;12(Supplement A):211-