Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which body's immune system eats away the protective sheath that covers nerves which interferes with the communication between brain and the rest of body. Ultimately this may result in deterioration of the nerves themselves a process that’s irreversible. Symptoms vary widely, depending on the amount of damage and the type of nerves affected. Patients with severe cases of multiple sclerosis may lose the ability to walk or speak. Multiple sclerosis can be difficult to diagnose early in the course of the disease because symptoms often come and go sometimes disappearing for months. There’s no cure for multiple sclerosis. However treatments can help treat attacks, modify the course of the disease and treat symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the petroleum ether extract of root of Buteamonosperma B. monosperma was studied against Staphylococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Sterptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Aeromonas hydrophilia (A. hydrophilia), Salmonela typhae (S. typhae), Stphylococcus cohni (S. cohni), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Serratia ficaria (S. ficaria) by using well diffusion method. Results: Petroleum ether extract of root of B. monosperma exhibited a prominent inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Conclusion: From the result it can be concluded that the B. monosperma extract has potent in vitro antibacterial activity. (B. monosperma). Method: In vitro antibacterial activity of petroleum ether i.e.

BACKGROUND:The Broselow? Pediatric Emergency Tape indicates standardized, pre-calculated medication doses, dose delivery volumes, and equipment sizes using color-coded zones based on height-weight correlations. The present study attempted to provide more evidence on the effectiveness of the Broselow? Pediatric Emergency Tape by comparing the tape-estimated weights with actual weights. We hypothesized that the Broselow? Pediatric Emergency Tape would overestimate weights in Indian children aged<10 years, leading to inaccurate dosing and equipment sizing in the emergency setting. METHODS:This prospective study of pediatric patients aged <10 years who were divided into three groups based on actual body weight:<10 kg, 10–18 kg, and >18 kg. We calculated the percentage difference between the Broselow-predicted weight and the measured weight as a measure of tape bias. Concordant results were those with a mean percent difference within 3％. Standard deviation was measured to determine precision. Accuracy was determined as color-coded zone prediction and measured weight concordance, including the percentage overestimation by 1–2 zones. RESULTS:The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 1.3:1. Total agreement between color-coding was 63.18％ (K=0.582). The Broselow? color-coded zone agreement was 74.8％ in the <10 kg group, 61.24％ in the 10–18 kg group, and 53.42％ in the >18 kg group. CONCLUSIONS:The Broselow? Pediatric Emergency Tape showed good evidence for being more reliable in children of the <10 kg and 10–18 kg groups. However, as pediatric weight increased, predictive reliability decreased. This raises concerns over the use of the Broselow? Pediatric Emergency Tape in Indian children because body weight was overestimated in those weighing >18 kg.

Objective To investigate the general information such as study motivation, study de-mand, and encountered difficulties of foreign medical postgraduates in China. Methods 45 medical post-graduates in Chongqing Medical University participated in this survey in February 2014. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions, including study motivation, the reasons to learn in China, language proficiency, study expectation, satisfaction rate, and future career plan. In total, 45 questionnaires were handed out, and 42 (93%) were recovered. Results All respondents (42 persons) had already acquired medical license in their own countries. 45%of them (19 persons) had obtained bachelor’s degree in other university and were attracted by the reputation of Chongqing Medical University. 50% of respondents (21 persons) considered language barrier as the biggest problem in their learning process. 60%(25 persons) were generally satisfied with their postgraduate education in China. And lack of clinical practice opportunity was ranked as the No. 1 reason of dissatisfaction (54%, 23 persons). Conclusion Language barrier as well as lack of clinical practice opportunity is the biggest two problems encountered by foreign medical postgraduates in China. Although Chongqing Medical University has gained a lot of experience in foreign medical postgraduate education, improvements regarding training program and mentor selection should still be made.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant myeloid antigen (MA) co-expression and high expression of CD34 antigen on the blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients are independently reported to have a role in pathogenesis and prognosis. This study was conducted to determine whether these two parameters are related. METHODS: A total of 204 cases of ALL were included in an analysis of blast immunophenotypic data. CD34 expression was categorized as low when less than 50% of blasts were CD34-positive (CD34low) and as high when 50% or more were CD34-positive (CD34high). RESULTS: Of 204 cases of ALL, 163 and 41 were of B-cell origin (B-ALL) and T-cell origin (T-ALL), respectively. Of all cases, 132 (64.7%) showed co-expression of MA and among these, 101 (76.51%) were CD34high, while the remaining 31 (23.48%) were CD34low. Of 72 cases without MA co-expression, 25 (34.72%) were CD34high and 47 (67.25%) were CD34low. Furthermore, of 163 cases of B-ALL, 111 showed co-expression of MA and 84 of these were CD34high. Of 52 cases of B-ALL without MA expression, 22 were CD34high. Among 41 cases of T-ALL, 21 co-expressed MA, 17 of which were CD34high. Moreover, all 20 cases of T-ALL without co-expression of MA were CD34low. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We observed a strong correlation between aberrant MA expression and CD34high expression on the blasts of ALL. We hypothesize that these different patient subsets may represent unique prognostic characteristics.
Antigens, CD34 ; B-Lymphocytes ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tertiary Care Centers*