Aims: The present study aimed to recognize the microstructure of conidiophores and spores of Penicilliumspp. which were isolated from clinical wastes. Methodology and results:The isolates of Penicilliumspp. were obtained from the solid clinical wastes on V8A medium and purified by single spore method. The culture characteristics were described in five culture media included; Czapek Yeast Extract Agar(CYA); Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Czapek-Dox Agar(CZ) while the conidiophores and spores were described using light and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM).Penicilliumspp. observedsome differences in their culture characteristics. Among 11 Penicilliumspecies isolated in this study and identified based on culture and microscope morphology. Five species including P. simplicissium,P. waksmanii,P. corylophilum andP. decumbensas well as one species identified as T. wortmanniiwere described in detailusing SEM. Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The study revealed that the microstructure of the fungal spores and conidiophores play an important role in the taxonomy of fungi species based on the phenotypic method.

Aim:This study aims to assess the wet market wastewater efficiency as Scenedesmussp. biomass production medium based on the physical and chemical characteristic as well as the biomass compositions. Methodology and results:The experiments were set up in transparent glass tank (40 L) containing 20 L of wastewater. The efficiency of different concentrations (10, 15, 20 and 25%) of wet market wastewater diluted with distilled water was compared to Bold Basal Medium (BBM). The biomass was harvested after 12 days of the incubation period by centrifugation. The quantity of biomass yielded was estimated based on the microalgae cell concentrations, while quality of biomass yield was determined by GC-MS. The nutrient contents of the raw wet market wastewater were in the range required for microalgae growth. The wastewater with 20% of dilution exhibited high efficiency for Scenedesmussp. growth in comparison to BBM (4×107vs.1 ×106cell/mL respectively). The main compounds in the microalgae biomass included cycloheptane, cyclododecanol, 1-ethenyl-acetate, 2-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester.Conclusion, significance and impact of study:Scenedesmussp. biomass can be produced using the wet market wastewate

Tumour protein 53 (p53) plays an important role in the instruction of the cell cycle. In a variety of transformed cell lines, tumour protein is expressed in high amounts, and it is believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. This research aimed to detect the anti-p53 antibodies in sera of patients with various malignant tumours and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A case-control study was conducted on samples from 49 patients with various types of malignant tumours at Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia, and 32 healthy control cases with non‐malignant disease collected from Universiti Sains Malaysia clinic, Penang, Malaysia. The antibodies against p53 protein in the serum samples were analysed using the commercial ELISA kit, Calbiochem® p53- ELISAPLUS. The results showed that the rate of anti-p53 antibodies in patients with various malignant tumours was 13 out of 49 (26.5 %), compared with only 2 out of 32 (6.25%) in healthy controls (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of this kit reached 28.6% and the specificity was 93.8%. In conclusion, these results suggest that the anti-p53 antibodies can be detected in different sera of malignant tumour patients and the ELISA kit is highly specific; nevertheless, its discrimination power is not perfect because of its low sensitivity to determine the anti-p53 antibodies.