Objective To evaluate the radiation protection of occupational hazards in a hospital Clinac 23EX medical electronic accelerator construction project so as to ensure the health and safety of the relevant people involved.Methods According to the relevant laws,regulations and standards of China,combined with the relevant materials provided by the construction unit,the radiation protection tests and comprehensive assessment of this project were carried out.Results The performance test results of the medical electron accelerator met the requinements of GB/T 19046-2013 The ambient dose equivalent rate in the workplace was between the background dose rate (0.10 μ,Sv/h) and 11.5 μSv/h,which suggested the computer room shielding met the requirements of radiation protection.The total body effective dose,the for 7 radiation workers were 0.85,1.19,1.64 mSv,respectively,which were lower than the dose management control values of the construction unit and the national standards.Radiation protection supplies and the management system of the construction unit met the national requirements.Conclusions The construction project can effectively control the radioactive occupational hazard factors in normal operation,and the radiation protection facilities have reached the completion requirements.

Objective To investigate influential factors and incidence of postpartum urinary retention after forceps delivery. Method The clinical data of 216 cases of puerperas undergoing forceps delivery in our hospital from January 2012 and July 2015 were collected and investigated in terms of postpartum urinary retention as well as its influencing factors. Results The incidence rate of postpartum urinary retention was 24.07%(52/216).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed the significant positive variables for the outcomes included:the first stage of labor and postpartum 2h bleeding.Conclusion The first stage of labor time and postpartum 2h bleeding are the high risk factors of uroschesis after forceps delivery.

Objective:To calculate the conversion coefficient from dose area product (DAP) to organ absorbed dose by Monte Carlo method in order to conveniently estimate doses to patient organ during coronary intervention procedure.Methods:The Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation kit was used to calculate the organ absorbed dose conversion coefficients by simulating exposure scene.Results:The conversion coefficients used in coronary angiography (CAG) for lung, bone marrow, liver and heart were (0.283±0.068), (0.169±0.049), (0.110±0.077) and (0.080±0.032) mGy/(Gy·cm 2) for male, and (0.376±0.121), (0.192±0.056), (0.153±0.105), and (0.102±0.033) mGy/(Gy·cm 2) for female, respectively. These were similar to those in the case of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The DAPs for different interventional procedures were statistically significant ( t=-6.012, P<0.05). The DAPs for difference gender groups had no statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Conversion coefficient for organ absorbed dose has little correlation with CAG and PCI in the same sex group. Dose conversion coefficients for female group are greater than those for male group in the same procedure. Conversion coefficients from DAP to organ absorbed dose calculated with Monte Carlo method can provide convenience for rapidly estimating the organ absorbed dose to clinical patients.

A set of new operational quantities for external radiation protection was proposed in ICRU Report 95. The new operational quantities were designed to overcome the conceptual and technical shortcomings of the existing operational quantities, and to achieve a better estimation of the protection quantities. This paper introduces the development of operational quantities, and the changes in their definitions, calculation phantoms and the application scopes, so as to fully understand the significance of the changes in the new operational quantities, which can be used as a reference for the relevant professionals.

Objective To investigate effect of high dose irradiation on the performances of thermolumines-cence detectors (LiF:Mg, Cu, P). Methods The high-dose irradiated thermoluminescence detector was annealed by a thermoluminescence annealing furnace until the annealing was completed, and then the annealed thermoluminescent detector was irradiated 0.5Gy by 137Cs irradiator to verify the accuracy of the thermoluminescentdetector. Results The thermoluminescence detector after high-dose irradiation could not be completely annealed under the temperature condition of 240 ℃, and it could be completely annealed at a high temperature as 400℃. After 0.5 Gy irradiation by 137Cs irradiator, the measurement results of the annealed thermoluminescence detector were significantly smaller, and the dose response and dispersion of the detector were also changed significantly. Conclusions After a more than 5 Gy irradiation, the crystal structure of the thermoluminescence detector has changed, and a high temperature peak above 240 ℃ has appeared, which leads to the failure to completely anneal at normal temperature. Therefore, the thermoluminescence detector can no longer be used for dosimetry after high-dose irradiation.

OBJECTIVE To understand the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in children’s medical institutions， analyze the existing problems， and propose relevant suggestions. METHODS The instructions for 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in 20 tertiary children’s hospitals （centers） and 14 maternal and child health hospitals （centers） with regional representativeness in China were collected， and the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS There were only 7 kinds of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children， and the others were non-specific drugs for children. Among antitussive and expectorant drugs， tablets accounted for 18.00%， injections for 18.00%， and capsules for 4.00%. Among 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs， 72 （72.00%） labeled the usage and dosage for children， 63 （63.00%） labeled the medication items for children， 59 （59.00%） indicated the information of children in the precautions， and pharmacokinetic parameters for children were absent. Compared with imported antitussive and expectorant drugs or the drugs manufactured by joint ventures， there were many missing labeling of medication information for children with Chinese drugs. Among 63 kinds of drug instructions labeled with medication items for children， various instructions information had little guiding significance. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of labeling in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children， and the proportion of special drugs for children remains low. Pediatric drug information in the instructions has little guiding significance for pediatric medication. Relevant departments should further promote the completeness of pediatric medication information in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs to ensure the rational use of children’s medication.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the children's medication information in β-lactam antibiotics's in children's hospitals in multiple regions, and to provide reference for further improving the drug information in the instructions of β lactam antibiotics. METHODS Collecting 847 drug instructions of β-lactam antibiotics in twenty children's hospitals in China, medication information labeling in drug instructions on children was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS After excluding duplicates, a total of 396 antibacterial drug inserts were obtained, involving 62 varieties, including 12 penicillins(59 copies), 27 cephalosporins(201 copies), etc. But there was two antibacterial drug for children only and up to 376 drugs for children and adults. In all drugs, there were 284 injections(71.72%) and 112 oral preparations(28.28%), among which the most suitable dosage forms for children were dry suspension(24.11%), granules(23.21%) and chewable tablets(4.46%). The annotation rates of children's indication, children's usage and dosage, children's drug guidance, pharmacokinetics in children, children's adverse reactions(396 categories) were respectively 27.78%, 93.69%, 64.65%, 39.14%, 20.96%, respectively. In oral dosage forms, the labeling rate of children's indications was 32.14%, the labeling rate of children's usage and dosage was 95.53%, the labeling rate of medication items for children was 58.93%, among them there were significant differences in the precautions and adverse reaction labeling rates between oral preparation and injections(P<0.05). There was not much difference in the labeling of pediatric medication information between domestic drugs and foreign-related drugs, but there was significant difference in the information labeling of precautions(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the labeling rate of children's medication information among the seven regional children's hospitals. CONCLUSION There are few pediatric-specific β-lactam antibiotics, and the labeling information for pediatric use in their respective instructions is often incomplete and insufficient to provide meaningful guidance. Relevant departments should pay attention to the incomplete mark of drug use for children, improve the medication information of children in the instructions, and ensure the safety of pediatric drug use.