OBJECTIVE:To further perfect our Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC.METHODS:Contractive methods were used to analyze comparatively the legal liabilities in US FDCA and Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC with regard to awarding system for reporters,penalty terms and the disposition of the confiscated drugs.RESULTS&CON?CLUSION:Compared with the PRC Pharmaceutical Administration Law,the US FDCA is more comprehensive and more consummate.We should follow the legislative spirit in FDCA and take it as a reference to improve our Pharmaceutical Ad?ministration Law.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the establishment of drug recall system in China.METHODS: The drug recall system in U.S.A. was introduced so as to get some enlightenment for the drug safety in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: We could use the drug recall system in U.S.A. for references to improve our law criterion system and carry out drug recall system on a large scale.

Invasive fungal infections(IFI) is significantly increasing in the neonatal intensive care unit recent years.The characteristics of IFI are low diagnosis rate,high mortality and being prone to involve in the nervous system.In this paper,the epidemiology,pathogens,risk factors,diagnosis,treatment and prevention of neonatal IFI are reviewed to improve the understanding of this disease.

Adult ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Male

Object To determine the change of benzoic acid contents in decoctions prepared from various combinations of the recipe named SIWUTANG by RP HPLC to provide a reference for the control of the acid level Methods 8 decoctions of P lactiflora either alone or in combination with one or more of the other 3 components, according to permutation and combination, were prepared and their benzoic acid contents determined by RP HPLC Results The content of benzoic acid in the decoction of Radix Paeonie Alba alone was found to be 2 74 mg/g, while that of the other 7 combinations varied from 0 41～1 11 mg/g Conclusion The content of benzoic acid in SIWUTANG could be lowered significantly by the presence of Radix Angelica Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae, and Rhizoma Chuanxiong

The character, classification, scoring, diagnosis and treatment of abdominal injuries after the Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed based on the data collected in Chengdu and Dujiangyan. Most of the abdominal injuries were closed injury, and complicated with injuries in other organs. All the injured persons were classified into different groups according to the degree of injuries, so as to determine the optimal sequence of treatment. Open abdominal injuries were comparatively easy to diagnose, while the diagnosis of closed abdominal injuries was difficult and consisted of preoperative diagnosis and intraoperatire exploration. The principle of damage control surgery should be well followed in rescuing the persons with severe abdominal injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To explore targeting of nanometer drugs and the adverse reaction during disease treatment. METHODS: The first author retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure with the key words of "nanometer drug, nanometer particle, drug carrier, targeting, adverse reaction" for articles published from 2001 to 2009 in Chinese. The articles addressing close content of targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs were included, and Meta analysis, irrelevant or duplicated articles were excluded. Finally, 18 articles were included. We summarized the present studies concerning targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs. RESULTS: Compared with common drugs, nanometer drugs had great surface area, strong chemical activity, and rapid rate of absorption. Nanometer drugs process a superiority compared with common drugs in aspects of traversing various barriers of the body, controlling release speed of drugs, and setting drug targeting. CONCLUSION: Compared with previous drugs, the targeting nanometer drugs present significant targeting, i.e. it can bring drugs to the targeting site. It not only can elevate curative effects, but decrease adverse reactions. Nanometer drugs as a new preparation provide a new thought for treating some refractory diseases, and bring a reformation for medical research. However, some nanometer materials show toxic properties, and especially the outcomes of interaction of nanometer materials to human or environment are still unclear. Therefore, the biological effects, action mechanism and elimination measures of toxicity of nanometer materials should be completely studied prior to the nanometer materials are made into commercialization products, which will bring a basic rationale for reasonable application of nanometer materials.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize research progress of tissue-engineered tendon stent material and its application for repairing tendon defect. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted with the key words of "tissue engineering, tendon, scaffold" in both Chinese and English from January 1993 to October 2009. Articles about dynamical performance of tissue-engineered tendon,experimental research and clinical application of tissue-engineered tendon were included, but duplicated studies and Meta analysis were excluded. Among 38 articles, 4 major viewpoints were discussed: research progress of tendon tissue engineering; biodynamical analysis of tissue-engineered tendon stent materials; application of biomaterials for tendon tissue engineering; clinical application of tissue engineering for repairing tendon defect. RESULTS: Natural polymer and synthetic macromolecule were major materials in tendon tissue engineering. The preparation and selection of stent materials depended on producing imitated materials with advanced performance and structure based on artificial synthetic materials, preparing natural derivative stent materials based on natural extracellular matrix, and constructing tissue-engineered tendon based on original bio-structure and bio-performance of biological tissue. Construction of tissue-engineered tendon must simulate three-dimensional physical environment in vivo. Microcomputer-controlled step motor was used to force tendon-matrix compound stent in order to increase proliferation velocity of tendon cells and secretory volume of collagen and develop into stress direction. CONCLUSION: Physical stimulation is simple, thus technique and instrument for constructing artificial tendon need to be further studied. Additionally, living implants which may completely replace body tissue and organ function still need to be further studied and solved.

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Epidemiological data evidence that NBS1 gene can be considered a susceptibility factor for cancer development.So far nine mutations localized in coding sequence of the NBS1 gene have been found at the heterozygous state in cancer patients,the 6S7del5,511A→C (I171V), 643C→T(R215W) are the most frequently described. The review will focus on the symptoms of NBS characteristics, the recent advances of NBS1 gene producethe correlation between carriers of NBS1 gene frequent heterozygous mutations and the development of malignant tumours.

BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 is a high-efficient bone inducing factor, which can induce the inside and outside periosteum and marrow-derived stromal cells differentiate into osteoblast, strengthen the re generation of bone mattress, activate or lead MSCs around blood vessel to differentiate into chondroblast and osteoblast. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of yigu capsule to be used for pre vention and treatment on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bone tissue of the ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis. DESIGN: A completely randomized grouping design and randomized con trol trial. SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University form March to October 2003. Animals: 72 normal grand female SD rats, with 10-month-old ages, weighted (380±20) g, provided by the center of laboratory animal science of Guang dong (the quality exequatur number of No. 2002A024), were adopted. Totally 24 rats were randomly chosen from them anddivided into preventive group (12 rats) and therapeutic group (12 rats) of sham operation (only opened the rats' abdomen but not removed their ovary), and the left 48 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups after replicating OP model by ovariectomy (which opened the rats' abdomen and removed their ovary): OP model control group of prevention, OP model control group of treatment, OP model group of prevention with yigu capsule and OP model group of treatment with yigu capsule, with 12 rats in each group. Medicine: Yigu capsule was made up by epimedium, fruit of lycium barbaruml, radix angelica sinensis, root of achyranthes bidentata blume etc., the decoct-free granule of the drugs were provided by Shenzhen Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, the aqueous solution was made to include crude drug 1.0 g/Ml. INTERVENTIONS: The prevented groups of yigu capsule were administered by gastric infusion 3 days after ovariectomy, 3 Ml NS was given to preventive group of sham operation and OP model control group and 3 Ml aqueous solution of yigu capsule was given to preventive group with yigu capsule,1 time a day for 24 weeks; the therapeutic groups of yigu capsule were administered by gastric infusion in the 13th week after ovariectomy, 3 Ml NS was given to therapeutic group of sham operation and OP model control group and 3 Ml aqueous solution of yigu capsule was given to therapeutic group with yigu capsule, 1 time a day for 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BMP-2 on protein level in bone tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean gray (MG) of the BMP-2 positive reaction cells in bone tissue.RESLUTS: In the 24th week after ovariectomy, the MG of BMP-2 positive reaction cells in bone tissue of preventive OP model control group, preventive group with yigu capsule and preventive group of sham operation were 81.84±10.01, 124.46±6.55, 130.15±10.09, that of preventive OP model control group was obviously lower than that of preventive group of sham operation (P < 0.01), and that of preventive group with yigu capsule was obviously higher than that of preventive OP model control group (P < 0.01) and closed to that of preventive group of sham operation (P > 0.05). The MG of BMP-2 positive reaction cells in bone tissue of therapeutic OP model control group, therapeutic group with yigu capsule and therapeutic group of sham operation were 77.97±10.35, 110.32±8.69, 131.79±12.10, that of therapeutic OP model control group was obviously lower than that of therapeutic group of sham operation (P < 0.01), and that of therapeutic group with yigu capsule was obviously higher than that of therapeutic OP model control group (P < 0.01) and closed to that of therapeutic group of sham operation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thepreventive and therapeutic treatment of yigu capsule could both improve the expression of BMP-2 in bone tissue on albumen level.