Magnetoacoustic tomography (MAT) has some advantages such as high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The generating mechanism of acoustic source is the research foundation of forward and inverse problems. A coustic signals were respectively simulated by using monopole and dipole radiation theory in the experimental conditions, then the differences between their acoustic pressures were discussed, and furthermore the contrast and validation were conducted by physical experiments in this study. The physical experimental results showed that acoustic waveform of MAT had a certain directivity and therefore they indicated that dipole model showed higher approximation to the real facts than monopole model. It can be well concluded that this research has cardinal significance for the accurate algorithm of MAT.
Acoustics ; Algorithms ; Tomography ; methods

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the suture anchor in the treatment of acute closed distal achilles tendon rupture. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data in 25 patients with acute achilles tendon rupture was performed in the department of orthopedic trauma of Tianjin Hospital between October 2012 to January 2014. The operation was performed by standard approach, with the suture anchors to reconstruct the achilles tendon insertion, and the Krachow technique was used to suture the achilles tendon. All patients were followed up for 19~35 months. The situation of the wound healing, heel pain, and achilles tendon re-rupture were observed and analyzed. According to the passive range of motion of the bilateral ankle joint, the achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), the American orthopaedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) score and functional recovery were assessed one year after operation. Results The operation was successfully completed in this group. The operation time was 25-35 min, the average time was (30.4 ± 4.8) min. No major vascular and nerve injury occurred in the operation. All patients were followed up. The wound healed well. No infection and skin necrosis, no heel pain and achilles tendon re-rupture were found during follow-up. There was no significant difference in mean passive plantar flexion between injured ankles and uninjured ankles one year after operation (44.36° ± 3.33° vs. 46.40°±4.53°, P>0.05). But mean passive dorsiflexion was lower in injured ankles than that of uninjured ankles (16.88°± 4.10° vs. 20.12°±3.21°,P<0.05). The mean ATRS score was 88.7±6.1 (range 79-97), and the mean AOFAS score was 92.4± 5.6 (range 76-100) at first postoperative year. According to the AOFAS scale, the results were excellent in 20 cases and good in 5 cases. Conclusion It was successful to repair the acute closed distal achilles tendon injuries with the suture anchors.

Objective To analysis the risk factors of cardiovascular events during periopemtive period undergoing hand surgery . Methods 197 cases of hand surgery in our hospital from 2009 to 2012 ,aged 21 to 74 years were selected .The general condition ,an-esthesia ,operative time and intraoperative hemodynamics (blood pressure> 20% ) were recorded ,postoperative follow-up and record the occurrence of cardiovascular events ,and factor analysis was carried on .Results In 48 hours ,23 patients were suffered from car-diovascular events ,and the total morbidity rate was 11 .7% ,in which sinus tachycardia was 3 case(1 .52% ) ,atrial fibrillation were 2 cases(1 .02% ) ,premature ventricular contractions were 4 cases(2 .03% ) ,the myocardial ischemia were 11 cases(5 .58% ) ,the angi-na pectoris were 3 cases(1 .52% ) ,the myocardial isehemia was 1case(0 .51% ) .Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that ,the influencing factors of perioperative cardiovascular events undergoing hand surgery were were diabetes mellitus (OR=2 .012 ,P=0 .023) ,coronary heart disease (OR=2 .301 ,P=0 .028) ,preoperative ST ischemic changes (OR=2 .942 ,P=0 .031) ,lip-id abnormalities(OR=3 .012 ,P=0 .019) and hemodynamics changes during operation(OR=3 .522 ,P=0 .020) .Conclusion The risk factors of perioperative cardiovascular events independent undergoing hand surgery might be diabetes ,coronary heart disease , preoperative ST ischemic changes ,intraoperative hemodynamic changes .

Functional imaging method of biological electrical characteristics based on magneto-acoustic effect gives valuable information of tissue in early tumor diagnosis, therein time and frequency characteristics analysis of magneto-acoustic signal is important in image reconstruction. This paper proposes wave summing method based on Green function solution for acoustic source of magneto-acoustic effect. Simulations and analysis under quasi 1D transmission condition are carried out to time and frequency characteristics of magneto-acoustic signal of models with different thickness. Simulation results of magneto-acoustic signal were verified through experiments. Results of the simulation with different thickness showed that time-frequency characteristics of magneto-acoustic signal reflected thickness of sample. Thin sample, which is less than one wavelength of pulse, and thick sample, which is larger than one wavelength, showed different summed waveform and frequency characteristics, due to difference of summing thickness. Experimental results verified theoretical analysis and simulation results. This research has laid a foundation for acoustic source and conductivity reconstruction to the medium with different thickness in magneto-acoustic imaging.
Acoustics ; Computer Simulation ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electricity ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Models, Theoretical

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of adductor spasmodic dysphonia phonatory break in mandarin Chinese and select the stimuli phrases. METHOD: Thirty-eight patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia were involved in this study. Standard phrase " fù mŭ xīn" and a speech corpus in mandarin Chinese with 229 syllables covering all vowel and constant of mandarin Chinese were selected. Every patient read the phrases above twice in normal speed and comfortable voice. Two auditory perpetual speech pathologists marked phonatory break syllables respectively. The frequency of phonatory break syllables and their located phrases were calculated, rated and described. The phrases including the most phonatory break syllables were selected as stimuli phrases, the phonatory break frequency of which was also higher than that of standard phrase "fù mŭ xīn". RESULT: Phonatory break happened in the reading of all patients. The average number of phonatory break syllables was 14 (3-33). Phonatroy break occurred when saying 177 (77.3%) syllables in the speech corpus. The syllables "guŏ, rén, zāng, diàn, chē, gè, guăn, a, bā, ne, de" broke in 23.1%-41.0% patients. These syllables belonged to the phrases "pĭng guŏ, huŏ chē, shì de, nĭ shì gè hăo rén, wŏ mén shì yŏu zŏng shì bă qĭn shì nong dé hĕn zāng, wŏ mén nà biān yŏu wăng qiú yùn dong chăng, cān gŭan, jiŭ bā hé yī gè miàn bāo dìan, tā shì duō me kāng kăi a,wŏ yīng gāi zài xìn lĭ xiĕ yī xiē shén mē ne?". Thirty-seven patients (97.3%) had phonatory break in above mentioned words. Ratios of these words phonatory break also were more than "fù mŭ xīn". CONCLUSION Adductor spasmodic dysphonic patients exhibited different degrees of phonatory break in mandarine Chinese. The phrases" shì de, pĭng guŏ, huŏ chē, nĭ shì gè hăo rén, wŏ mén nà biān yŏu wăng qiú yùn dong chăng, cān gŭan, jiŭ bā hé yī gè miàn bāo dìan, tā shì duō me kāng kăi a" were recommended as stimuli phrases for adductor spasmodic dysphonia evaluation.
Dysphonia ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Phonation ; Spasm ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Voice

Objective: To investigate the relationship between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HIT and cisplatin (DDP) resistance in osteosarcoma cells and the mechanism related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: 42 pairs of osteosarcoma tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues (more than 5 cm away from the edge of cancer tissues) were collected at the Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital during June 2017 to June 2018. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNAexpression of HIT and EMT related markers (Snail and E-cadherin) in the collected tissues. The DDP-resistant osteosarcoma U2OS cell line was constructed and human adrenal 293T cell line was used as control. Two sets of siRNA vectors targeting HIT loaded on lentivirus were transfected into cells with DDP-resistance as the interference group A and group B. Meanwhile, the U2OS cell line was transfected with HIT full-length vector and blank vector respectively, as over-expression group and blank group. The DDP 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was detected by MTT assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of HIT, Snail and E-cadherin. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Snail and E-cadherin. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RNAIP) assay was used to clarify the combination of HIT and Snail protein in the U2OS and 293T cells. Results: The mRNAexpressions of HIT and Snail in osteosarcoma tissues were significantly higher than those in para-cancerous tissues, while the mRNA expression of Ecadherin was significantly lower than that in the paracancerous tissues. The mRNA expression of HIT and E-cadherin in osteosarcoma tissues was negatively correlated (all P<0.01). The DDP IC50 in the DDP-resistance group was significantly higher than that in the control group, interference group A and B, and the DDP IC50 in over-expression group was significantly higher than that in blank group (all P<0.01). The expression of HIT in resistance group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the HIT expressions in interference group A and B were significantly lower than that in DDP-resistance and control group; moreover, the expression of HIT in over-expression group was significantly higher than that in blank group (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). The mRNAexpression of Snail in DDPresistance group was significantly higher than that in the control group and interference group A and B, while the mRNA expression of E-cadherin in DDP-resistance group was significantly lower than that in the control group and interference group A and B; and the mRNA expression of E-cadherin in over-expression group was significantly lower than that in blank group. The protein expression of Snail in the DDP-resistance group was significantly higher than that in the control group and interference group A and B,while E-cadherin protein expression was significantly lower; and protein expression of Snail in over-expression group was significantly higher than that in blank group (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of HIT in the U20S and 293T cells treated by anti-Snail antibody induced by immunomagnetic beads was significantly higher than that in the cells treated by IgG antibody (P<0.01). Conclusion: HIT can promote EMT and cisplatin-resistance in osteosarcoma cells through up-regulation of Snail protein and inhibition of E-cadherin transcription activity.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury and postoperative cognitive function in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)valve replacement. METHODS:A total of 90 patients underwent elective CPB valve replacement in our hospital during Jan. 2015-Dec. 2017 were divided into group C and group D according to random number table,with 45 cases in each group. Group D was given Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection 0.6 μg/kg after anesthesia induction and intravenous injection at 0.6μg/(kg·h)to the end of the operation;group C was given 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection at equal volume and rate. SBP,DBP,HR and MAP were observed in 2 groups immediately before medication (T0),immediately after medication (T1), immediately after incision (T2), immediately after sternotomy (T3), immediately before CPB (T4), immediately after CPB stopping(T5)and immediately after operation(T6),respectively. The levels of CK-MB,H-FABP and cTnⅠwere observed at T0,T5,T6,at 6 h(T7)and 24 h(T8)after operation. The levels of S-100β protein and NSE were observed at T0, T8 and 72 h after operation (T9). MMSE and MoCA scores were observed 1 d before operation and 3,7 d after operation. The application of cardiovascular active drugs and the occurrence of ADR were observed during operation. RESULTS:SBP and DBP of group C at T2-T6,SBP at T4-T6 and DBP at T4 of group D were significantly lower than at T0;SBP and DBP of group D were significantly higher than group C at T4-T6. HR of 2 groups at T4 were significantly lower than at T0,while those of 2 groups at T5-T6 were significantly higher than at T0;the group D were significantly lower than group C at T2-T3. MAP of 2 groups at T2-T3 were significantly higher than at T0,and those of group D were significantly higher than group C at T4,with statistical significance(P<0.05). At T5-T8,the levels of CK-MB,H-FABP and cTnⅠ in 2 groups were significantly higher than at T0;the levels of CK-MB and cTnⅠ at T7-T8,the level of H-FABP at T5-T8 ingroup D were significantly lower than group C,with statistical significance(P<0.05). At T8-T9,the levels of S-100β protein and NSE in 2 groups were significantly higher than at T0,but the group D was significantly lower than group C,with statistical significance(P<0.05). MMSE scores and MoCA scores of 2 groups 3 d after operation,MMSE score and MoCA score of group C 7 d after operation were significantly lower than 1 d before surgery;those of group D 3,7 d after operation were significantly higher than group C,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The amount of dopamine and norepinephrine,the rate of adrenalin use in group D were significantly lower than group C,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the amount of milrinone between 2 groups (P>0.05). The incidence of ADR in group D (6.7％) was significantly lower than group C(24.4％), with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine is helpful for hemodynamic stability,relieve myocardial damage,and improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with CPB valve replacement with good safety.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and risk of pancreatic cancer.

METHODSVarious English and Chinese language literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched for case-control studies comparing rates of HBV infection and pancreatic cancer. The RevMan meta analysis software, version 5.0, was used to perform the meta-analysis of the 6 included studies.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the pancreatic cancer group had a significantly higher rate of positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (8.87% vs.5.86%, odds ratio (OR) =1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.06 to 1.47, P =0.009) and a lower rate of patients never exposed to HBV (defined as HBsAg(-)/hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)(-) (69.4% vs.77.1%, OR =0.68, 95% CI:0.51 to 0.92, P =0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of hepatitis B e antigen positivity (P =0.55).

CONCLUSIONHBV-infected patients with HBsAg(+) status are at greater risk of developing pancreatic cancer; however, since most of the research studies evaluated were conducted in Asians, the generalizability of this conclusion is unknown.

Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; virology ; Risk Factors

Objective To assess the performance of PET-CT in pulmonary carcinoid and to evaluate the efficacy of lymph node metastasis.Methods We retrospectively collected the data of 33 patients with primary pulmonary carcinoid in our center between November 2008 and March 2017.The results of PET-CT were analysed and the relationship among pathological sub-type, tumor size and SUVmax was compared.Results Thirty-three patients had a diagnosis of carcinoid tumor, typical in 10 patients and atypical in 23 patients.The major axis of the tumor was positively correlated with the SUVmax value (P<0.001), and the mean SUVmax of the atypical carcinoid was higher than that of the typical carcinoid(11.27 vs 3.54).The major axis of the tumor was controlled.One-way covariance analysis suggested that the pathological subtype was related to SUVmax(P=0.012).Overall, PET-CT had a sensitivity of 66.7％(95％CI: 12.5％-98.2％) and specificity of 90.9％(95％CI:83. 0％-95.5％).Conclusion Atypical carcinoids showed higher SUVmax than typical carcinoids, but the PET-CT perform-ance of lung carcinoids is not specific.There was a high specificity in evaluating lymph node metastasis.

Background and objective Localization of pulmonary ground glass small nodule is the technical dif-ficulty of minimally invasive operation resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of intraoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided localization using a hook-wire system for small ground glass opacity (GGO) in minimally invasive resection, as well as to discuss the necessity and feasibility of surgical resection of small GGOs (<10 mm) through a minimally invasive approach.MethodshTe records of 32 patients with 41 small GGOs who underwent intraoperative CT-guided double-thorn hook wire localization prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection from October 2009 to October 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) within 10 min atfer wire localiza-tion. hTe effcacy of intraoperative localization was evaluated in terms of procedure time, VATS success rate, and associated complications of localization.Results A total of 32 patients (15 males and 17 females) underwent 41 VATS resections, with 2 simultaneous nodule resections performed in 3 patients, 3 lesion resections in 1 patient, and 5 lesions in a patient. Nodule di-ameters ranged from 2 mm-10 mm (mean: 5 mm). hTe distance of lung lesions from the nearest pleural surfaces ranged within 5 mm-24 mm (mean: 12.5 mm). All resections of lesions guided by the inserted hook wires were successfully performed by VATS (100% success rate). hTe mean procedure time for the CT-guided hook wire localization was 8.4 min (range: 4 min-18 min). hTe mean procedure time for VATS was 32 min (range: 14 min-98 min). hTe median hospital time was 8 d (range: 5 d-14 d). Results of pathological examination revealed 28 primary lung cancers, 9 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and 4 nonspe-ciifc chronic inlfammations. No major complication related to the intraoperative hook wire localization and VATS was noted. Conclusion Intraoperative CT-guided hook wire localization is useful, particularly in small GGO localization in VATS wedge resection and has a signiifcantly low rate of minor complications. Lung GGOs carry a 90% risk of malignancy. Aggressive surgi-cal resection of these GGOs is necessary and feasible through the guidance of intraoperative CT localization technique.