LncRNAs( long noncoding RNAs ) can be defined as RNA transcrips longer than 200nt without protein coding capacity , which play vital roles in various aspects of gene expression regulation.Recent investigations showed aberrant expression of many lncRNAs in primary liver cancer , indicating their important roles in tumorigenesis and development of liver cancer.This review focuses on the biological functions of lncRNAs and their involvements in primary liver cancer.

Medical imperfection is the major reason for medical bother.How to avoid medical imperfection and guarantee medical security are the key issues of medical administrators.By investigating,integrating and analyzing the causation of the medical imperfection and the ways of prevention,we conclude that human context has an important effect.

Radiation nephropathy refers to the damage of renal parenchyma and blood vessel caused by sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation.The clinical presentation includes proteinuria,hematuria,anemia,hypertension,and azotemia.Histological features include capillary loop thickening,mesangiolysis,formation of the double contours,subendothelial swelling,tubular atrophy,and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Similar changes are seen in a variety of experimental animal models.The pathogenesis of radiation nephropathy remained unclear.It is reported that radiation-induced changes in kidney cell phenotype,renin angiotensin system(RAS) and oxidative stress is clearly involved.Multiple experimental studies have shown that antagonism of the RAS is beneficial,even when not initiated until weeks after irradiation.Recent findings suggest a similar benefit in clinical radiation nephropathy.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

BACKGROUND:With the development of AO, the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures with open reduction has been a trend. However, the methods of fixation become many. There is no conclusion of which method is optimal.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effect of two kinds of different fixation methods (Y-type steel plate and double steel plate) for intercondylar humeral fractures via different surgical approaches.
METHODA retrospective analysis of clinical data of 86 cases of fresh intercondylar humeral fractures in the Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, between December 2003
and May 2014 were conducted in this study. According to the different fixation materials, patients were divided into two groupdouble steel group (n=44, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 22 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 22 cases), Y-type steel group (n=42, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 21 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 21 cases). The clinical curative effect and related complications of the two groups after operation were analyzed. During fol ow-up, modified Cassebaum elbow scoring system was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of therapy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After fol owed up for 12-36 months, the total excellent and good rate of Y-type steel plate was 76%and the total excellent and good rate of double steel plate was 77%. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). But interestingly, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance and the difference was statistical y significant (P<0.05). Above data suggested that Y-type steel plate and double steel plate were effective ways in the repair of intercondylar humeral fractures. However, for different surgical approaches, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance.

The small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) is widely recognized as one of the most serious clinical complications. It substantially contributes to a poor prognosis after adult living donor liver transplantation. Currently, there is still no consensus on the exact definition and pathogenesis of SFSS. We reviewed the progress on research of pathogenesis of SFSS and put forward some relevant preventive and treatment measures, including donor selection, graft assessment, reduction of high portal vein perfusion, dual grafts technology, advanced molecular medicine and other innovative approaches. Also, we offered some relevant insights into the future research directions of SFSS.

0.05).2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg avermetine groups can increased the activity of LDH,GS,CK in cerebrum,and decreased the activity of CaN in cerebrum,compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion Avermectine may cause the toxic effect in rat nervous system through creating the nerve metabolism enzyme activity.

Objective To provide an anatomic data of the lumbar isthmus, and to increase the fusion rate of the graft bone for spondylolisthesis treated with posterolateral spinal fusion and Steffee plate fixation. Methods The area and volume of the bone graft bed for posterolateral spinal fusion in the lumbar isthmus were studied on 30 dried specimens of adult lumbar spines from L 1 to L 5(a total of 150 lumbar vertebrae) with a vernier calipers, a goniometer and a graduate. Results The length of the superior edge of the isthmus gradually increased from L 1[(7.34? 1.15) mm] to L 5[(10.31? 1.89) mm], and that of its inferior edge progressively decreased from L 1[(6.63? 1.24) mm] to L 5 [( 4.73? 1.21) mm]. The superior edge of the isthmus was the thinnest at L 1[(1.85? 0.64)mm], and the thickness increased inferiorly from L 1[(6.57? 1.24) mm] to L 5[(7.57? 1.16) mm]. The medial and caudal inclination of the isthmus with respect to the pedicle gradually increased from L 1 (113.9?? 13.3? ) to L 5(119.1?? 13.5? ) medial inclination and from (101.2?? 9.5? ) at L 1 to (117.6?? 13.4? ) at L 5 caudal inclination, respectively. The length of the superior edge of the isthmus and the transverse diameter of the pedicle were positively correlated to the vertebral levels. The length of the inferior edge of the isthmus were negatively correlated to the vertebral levels. The dimensions of the graft bed area were postively correlated to dimensions of the graft bone volume. Conclusion The application of firm spinal internal fixation system with adequate graft bed area and adequate graft volume, the maintenance of close contact between the graft bed and the graft bone, and adequate period of postoperative stable contact of the graft in bed were the keys to enable reduction of the spondylolisthesis and to increase the fusion rate of posterolateral bone graft.

Objective To explore the effects of interleukin1?(IL-1?) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in middle ear cholesteatoma and to explore the correlation between their expression and the ability of destruction of cholesteatoma.Methods IL-1? and MMP-9 were determined immunohistochemically in the specimens from 21 cases cholesteatomas and 10 external ear skin of patients with cholesteatoma.Results The positive expression of IL-1? and MMP-9 in cholesteatoma epithelialium were increased greatly than that in external epidermis(P

Objective To study changes in expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA in the kidney and spleen of dead rats and its application in deducing the postmortem intervals (PMI), so as to look for a new method for PMI deduction. Method 28 rats were killed by cervical dislocation, placed in a chamber with temperature-controlling system at 20℃ for 0 to 48h postmortem, and autopsied at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48h respectively (n=4 for each time point). The expression of GAPDH mRNA in kidney and spleen was assessed with fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results The amplified products of GAPDH mRNA could be detected in kidney within 40h and in spleen within 32h postmortem respectively, and they showed a decreasing tendency as its fluorescence intensity declined gradually and lost at last. Conclusion Detection of GAPDH mRNA expression in kidney and spleen of rats at different periods after death by fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR seems to be of some value for estimation of PMI.