Objective To analyze and evaluate the expression and significance of costimulatory molecules CD 28 ,CTLA-4 ,CD86 , CD80 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients with HBV chronic change .Methods The levels of costimulatory molecules CD28 ,CTLA-4 ,CD86 ,CD80 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected in 24 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) ,24 cases of liver cirrhosis(LC) ,28 cases of hepatocellular cancer(HCC) and 30 normal control(NC) subjects by real time quantitative PCR .Results Compared with the NC group ,costimulatory molecule CD28 mRNA level in the CHB group was signifi-cantly decreased(t= -2 .11 ,P<0 .05);CTLA-4 mRNA level in different diseases groups was decreased to different degrees :the CHB group(t= -2 .52 ,P<0 .05) ,the LC group(t= -2 .11 ,P<0 .05) and the HCC group(t= -2 .56 ,P<0 .05);CD86 mRNA level in different diseases groups was decreased to different degrees too :the CHB group(t= -3 .68 ,P<0 .01) ,the LC group(t= -2 .99 ,P<0 .01) and the HCC group(t= -4 .42 ,P< 0 .01);CD28/CTLA-4 mRNA level was significantly increased in the HCC group(t= 2 .12 ,P< 0 .05);CD80/CD86 mRNA level was significantly increased to different degrees with the progress of HBV chronic change:the CHB group(t=2 .10 ,P<0 .05) ,the LC group(t=2 .59 ,P<0 .05) and the HCC group(t=3 .74 ,P<0 .01) . Conclusion The expression abnormality of CD28/B7 family costimulatory molecules mRNA in HBV infectious patients may be closely related with the immune dysfunction and the development and progression of the chronic change .

Objective To investigate the polarization of Th1/Th2/Th3cell function of dermatomyositis/polymyositis(DM/PM).Methods The culture supernatant levels of IL-4,IFN-?,TGF-?1that were produced by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were detected by Sandwich ELISA in23DM/PM patients(DM18,PM5)and17healthy subjects.Results The level of IFN-?(168.17?218.35ng/mL)produced by PBMC from the patients of DM/PM was significantly lower than that from normal controls(380.61?299.13ng/mL)(P0.05),and normal controls(231.64?83.92)(P

Objective To investigate the significance of changes in expression of co-stimulatory molecules on T lymphocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.Methods In a casecontrol study,a total of 82 CHB cases including 50 male cases and 32 female cases (the mean age was 42.32 ±3.74) were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University from October 2012 to November 2013,together with 30 cases health control (15 male cases and 15 female cases,and the mean age was 42.32 ± 3.74).Patients were divided into three groups:40 cases of non-treated,30 cases of effective-treated and 12 cases of ineffective-treated with anti-viral drugs and immune-related therapy.The expression levels of CD28,CTLA-4,PD-1,Tim-3 on T cells subset from peripheral blood were determined by Flow Cytometry.Serum load of HBV DNA was detected by Real-time PCR and the serology markers such as HBeAg and ALT were detected by conventional methods The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analysis groups comparison.Independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to two sample comparison.Spearman's rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation.Results The expression levels of CD28,CTLA-4 and PD-1 on CD4 in health control group was the highest compared to ineffectivetreated group [404.65 (331.65-536.09) vs 277.15 (249.90-344.25) (H=29.81,P＜0.001);32.89 (29.69-39.69) vs 19.26 (11.90-20.56) (H =43.13,P ＜0.001),respectively].The expression level of PD-1 on CD8 in pre-treated group was the highest,while expression level in health control group was the lowest [15.47 (12.50-17.78) vs 3.05 (1.41-3.97) (H=56.60,P＜0.001)].Similarly,the expression level of Tim-3 on CD4 in ineffective-treated group was the highest,while Tim expression on CD4 in health control group was the lowest [199.62 (55.61-239.45) vs 70.62 (53.88-112.32) (H =41.03,P ＜ 0.001)].The expression level of Tim-3 on CD8 in pre-treated group was the highest,while it was the lowest in health control group [82.50 (78.69-84.58) vs 3.07 (1.56-6.87) (H=74.84,P ＜0.001)].Compared to the group with low viral load,the expression level of PD-1 on CD8 both in the pre-treated group with high viral load and the post-treated group was significantly increased [17.87 (13.38-20.94) (U=25.00,P＜0.001); 16.95 (5.39-18.27) (U=63.50,P＜0.001),respectively].Importantly,in the post-treated group,the PD-1 expression on CD4 T (r =0.689,P ＜0.001) and on CD8 T (r =0.751,P ＜ 0.001) was also positively correlated with ALT.Conclusions The abnormal expression of these co-stimulatory molecules may be present in the antiviral treatment process of CHB.It may provide new clues for the reasonable treatment of CHB.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of CD28,cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4),programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim3) on T lymphocytes in chronic HBV-infected patients.Methods A total of 102 chronic HBV-infected patients,including 42 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),30 patients with hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis (LC),and 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University during October 2012 and June 2013.Thirty healthy individuals were also enrolled as controls.Expression of CD28,CTLA-4,PD-1,Tim-3 on T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry,and the differences among groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD-t test.Spearman correlation test was performed to analyze the correlations of the expression of CD28,CTLA-4,PD-1,Tim-3 on T lymphocytes with HBV DNA loads,HBeAg and ALT.Results The expression of CD4 + CD28 +,CD8 + CD28 +,CD4 + CTLA-4 + in chronic HBV-infected patients were lower than those in healthy controls.CD4 + CD28 + expression in HCC group was lower than that in CHB group (t =2.373,P ＜ 0.05) ; CD8 + CD28 + expression in LC and HCC group was lower than that in CHB group (t =4.324 and 4.088,P ＜ 0.01) ; CD8 + PD-1 +,CD4 + Tim-3 + and CD8 + Tim-3 + expressions in CHB group were higher than those in LC,HCC group and healthy controls (t =3.051,3.130,3.121,3.254 and 3.723,P ＜0.01).CD8 + PD-1 + expression was positively correlated with ALT levels and HBV DNA loads (r =0.516 and 0.582,P ＜ 0.01) ; CD8 + Tim-3 + expression was also positively correlated with ALT levels andHBV DNA loads (r =0.578 and 0.556,P ＜0.01); PD-1 and Tim-3 expressions on CD8 T lymphocytes were positively correlated with each other (r =0.578,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The abnormal expression of the molecules on T lymphocytes in chronic HBV-infected patients is closely correlated with immune function disorder and the progression of the disease.