Objective To study the influence of lidocaine on the propofol concentration effect relationships for loss of eyelash reflex and loss of consciousness,hemodynamic function Methods Thirty eight patients were randomly allocated to receiving a computer controlled infusion of lidocaine at target concentration of 0?g?ml -1 (group A,n=9),1 25?g?ml -1 (group B,n=7), 2 5?g?ml -1 (group C,n=7), 5?g?ml -1 (group D,n=8),or 7?g?ml -1 (group E,n=7) respectively While the target concentration of lidocaine was kept stable, propofol was administrated with a computer controlled infusion at an initial target concentration of 0 5 1?g?ml -1 , which was increased every time by 0 5?g?ml -1 until loss of consciousness Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and propofol were measured with high performance liquid chromatography Results 50% of patients lost eyelash reflex and consciousness at plasma propofol concentrations(Cp50) of 1 78 and 3 17?g?ml -1 in the absence of lidocaine In the presence of plasma lidocaine concentration of 1 25 4 3 ?g?ml -1 ,the Cp50 for loss of eyelash reflex was reduced by 42 1% There was a linear regression relationship between plasma lidocaine concentrations from 0 to 7?g?ml -1 and the Cp50 for loss of consciousness (r=-0 69 ) Conclusions The Chinese Cp50 for loss of eyelash reflex and consciousness are lower than those reported abroad Plasma lidocaine concentration at 4?g?ml -1 can potentiate properly the potency of propofol on the sedation and hypnosis during anesthesia induction

Objective To evaluate the effects of fentanyl and lidocaine on hypnotic effect of propofol in total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) Methods One hundred and sixty ASAI Ⅲ patients(86 male,74 female) aged (55 0?12 4)yr,weighing (58 0?9 8)kg,scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into propofol group(group P,n=30), propofol fentanyl group(group PF,n=52) and propofol lidocaine group (group PL,n=78) Patients with kidney and liver dysfunction, hypertension, neurological and mental disease were excluded All patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0 1g and atropine 0 5mg BP,HR,SpO 2 and BIS were continuously monitored The patients were anesthetized by TIVA with TCI The target plasma concentration for fentanyl was 2?g/L(group PF) and for lidocaine 4mg/L(group PL) The initial target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 1mg/L When pre set concentration was reached, target propofol plasma concentration was increased by increments of 0 5mg/L until loss of consciousness Blood samples were taken before anesthesia(T 0), loss of consciousness(T 1), immediately after intubation(T 2), at skin incision(T 3), 5 and 10 min after skin incision(T 4,T 5), when TIVA was ended (T 6) and when the patient waked up(T 7) for determination of plasma concentrations of propofol, fentanyl and lidocaine Results ED 90 and ED 50 of propofol for loss of consciousness were lower in group PF and PL than those in group P but the difference was of no statistical significance (P

Objective To explore the influences of guided education training on quality of life of long-term inpatients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 79 inpatients ( at last one year for being hospitalized) with schizophrenia were divided into control group ( routine treatment and nursing ) and observation group ( routine treatment and nursing combined with guided education rehabilitation training ) according to random number table method from April 2013 to March 2014. Patients between two groups were evaluated with insight and treatment attitude questionnaire ( ITAQ) , scale of social function for psychosis in-patients ( SSFPI) , social support rating scale ( SSRS) , generic quality of life inventory ( GQOLI) one day before intervention and twelve, twenty-four weeks after intervention. Results Twelve weeks after intervention, quality of life of patients in observation group was higher than that in control group with a significant difference (P<0. 05), while there were no significant difference among other aspects(P>0. 05). Twenty-four weeks after intervention, the scores of ITAQ, SSFPI, SSRS, GQOLI in observation group were better than those in control group with significant differences (P<0. 05). Conclusions The guided education training can effectively improve the quality of life of long-term inpatients with schizophrenia.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.