Objective To study the anti-duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) action of limax polysaccharide. Methods 1-day old Beijing ducklings with congenital infection of DHBV were used as the animal model and were days. The expression of DHBV-DNA was detected by dot-blot hybridization test before treatment, five days and ten days after treatment. Results After medicated with Limax polysaccharide for five days and for ten days. The optic density value(OD value) of DHBV-DNA in ducklings serum were obviusly lower than that before treatment. There was significant difference between them. The inhibition rote of limax polysacchatide compared with the model group is markedly improved. Conclusion Limax polysaccharide can protect duck liver against inflammation by the inhibition of DHBV.

Objective The infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV),which is a hepatotropic DNA virus,can cause acute or chronic viral hepatitis and further may develop liver fibrosis,cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years,with the establishment of HBV transfection cell and animal models,the anti -hepatitis B virus effect of ingredients extracted from many traditional Chinese medicine has been proved.Therefore,chemical composition extracted from the resourceful library of traditional Chinese medicine,with high efficiency and low toxicity,might be the direction for developing anti -hepatitis B virus medicine.

Following an analysis of the problems and challenges of hospitals regulation in China and a comparative study of situations at home and abroad,this paper presented six policy proposals for the reform of public hospitals regulatory system in China.The policy suggestions included definite regulatory objectives,defined relationship between public hospitals and government,strengthening both economic regulation and social regulation, establishing multivariate regulatory system, introducing flexible regulatory methods and full utilization of the third-party impact,which met the requirements of public hospital in healthcare reform in China and propelled the reform forward.

Objective Measure the variation trend and the problems of bed allocation and its equity at primary medical institutions and provide theoretical basis for optimizing the policy of health resources allocation for the government.Methods Analysis of the distribution and equity of the inpatient beds at primary medical institutions in terms of geographical area by means of the survey of regular overall statistics forms and the methods of Gini coefficient and Theil index.Results From 2009 to 2012,the number increase of beds at such institutions geographically was 7.72%,while that in eastern,central and western regions of China were respectively 5.35%, 3.97% and 27.88%.The number increase at community healthcare centers was 46.58%,while that in eastern,central and western regions of the country were respectively 18.09%,29.57%和 81.53%.The number increase at township hospitals was 2.33%,while that in eastern,central and western regions were respectively - 3.83%,- 0.43% and 22%.The Gini coefficient of bed allocation at such institutions was beyond 0.6,while that in eastern, central and western regions were respectively under 0.3,0.3-0.4 and 0.6 above.The Gini coefficient of bed allocation at community healthcare centers fell from above 0.4 to under 0.4.The Gini coefficient in the western regions increased from 0.3-0.4 to over 0.4.The variation trend of township hospitals was similar with the overall conditions at such institutions.The intra-regional Theil indexes and their contribution rates of bed allocation at such institutions were higher than those of inter-regional. Conclusions The overall variation trend of bed allocation at such institutions was on the rise,yet its variation trend of equity remains unchanged.The bed allocation and its equity at such institutions were higher than those at township hospitals.The growth rate in western regions was the highest,but the absolute number was the lowest.Moreover,the equity of bed allocation in such regions was not only the lowest,but also was found rising.The influence of bed allocation in intra-region terms was large,while its equity was not only lower but falling as well.

Objective:To measure the salary satisfaction level of medical staff in county-level public hospitals and provide reference for the design of policy reforms. Method:Eight county-level public hospitals were investigated. All analyses were performed using SPSS 19. 0 via statistical description and binary logistic regression. Results: The total salary satisfaction of the medical staff was 48 . 8%, and the average score was 54 . 05 ± 18 . 04 . The welfare satis-faction is the lowest (38. 8%), and the average score is 7. 98 ± 3. 51. Logistic regression analysis shows that the ac-ademic degree, department category, working hours per week, acceptance of bribes, and officially budgeted posts are the main factors affecting overall compensation satisfaction. Conclusion:The overall salary satisfaction level of medi-cal staff in county-level public hospitals is very low, and the welfare satisfaction is the lowest. Establishing the rea-sonable level of compensation, the rise of compensation, and the welfare mechanism are feasible choices to improve salary satisfaction.

Objective? To explore the reasons of hypertensive patients' uncontrolled blood pressure before onset of ischemic stroke so as to provide clinical evidence for stroke prevention. Methods? The phenomenological analysis method in qualitative research was applied. From February to June 2016, 15 hypertensive ischemic stroke patients with hypertensive cerebral infarction and low medication adherence admitted to the department of neurology of three tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province were selected and participated in qualitative interviews. Results? By Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method, the medication misconception of patients were summarized into 4 themes: estimating physical condition by self-feeling, holding the opinion that there was few relation between "whether monitoring blood pressure", "forgetting medication","stopping medication because of various reasons" and cerebral infarction. Conclusions? There are some misunderstandings in the cognition of taking medicine before the onset of hypertensive cerebral infarction. It suggests that we should strengthen blood pressure monitoring and health education of drug compliance in hypertensive patients and hypertensive cerebral infarction patients, so as to improve the effect of primary prevention and secondary prevention of stroke.

Objective:Based on the current medical environment, to learn about cognition status of doctor-patient relationship among medical students and analyze causes of the tension between doctors and patients.Methods:Using the self-designed questionnaire "Clinical Medical Students' Cognition Survey on Occupational Status and Doctor-Patient Relationship", a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 527 medical students from 5-year and 7-year clinical program in Batch 2014 in a medical university in Heilongjiang Province. The survey mainly analyzed the causes of the tension between doctors and patients from the level of medical staff, patients and their families, hospitals and society. SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test.Results:The results showed that 93.7% of the medical students believed that the current doctor-patient relationship was not harmonious. There were cognitive differences among medical students in different gender ( P=0.029), first contact clinical grade ( P=0.003) and professional identity ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Medical students have a poor evaluation towards the current doctor-patient relationship. In order to construct harmonious doctor-patient relationship in the future, we can try to take measures such as carrying out relevant courses of doctor-patient communication, improving the medical students' communication skills and enhancing their professional identity.

The construction of a medication safety culture is important for medication safety management and rational drug use.The construction of medication safety culture standards is formulated based on relevant national policies and regulations,accreditation standards for hospitals,expert opinions,the current situation,and the development trend of the healthcare industry.With scientificity,general applicability,instructive guidance,and practicality,they standardized basic requirements,management processes,and improvement of the construction of medication safety culture.To facilitate understanding and the implementation of the standards,we describe the process of standards formulation and explain the key points of the standards.