Objective To investigate the influence of systematic health education on the disease cogni-tion and behavior of treatment compliance in patients with infectious diseases. Methods Patiens with infec-tious diseases in our department were divided into the control group(142 patients) and the experimental group (136 patients). The control group received common health education, the experimental group was given addi-tional knowledge education about infectious disease based upon routine education. The two groups were inves-tigated before and after intervention by adopting self-designed investigation scale.The cognition rate of disease and the rate of behavior of treatment compliance were compared by χ2 test. Results The cognition rate of disease and the rate of behavior of treatment compliance in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. Conclusions Systematic health education can not only increase degree of disease cogni-tion but also improve behavior of treatment comphanee in patients with infectious diseases.