OBJECTIVE: To study the equilibrium solubility of aesculin and its apparent oil/water partition coefficient,and to provide basis for absorption mechanism study.METHODS: Equilibrium solubility of aesculin at the pH of 1.2～8.0 was determined by saturation method.The apparent oil/water partition coefficients of aesculin were determined by shaking flask method.RESULTS: The equilibrium solubility of aesculin at the pH of 1.2～6.8 was fluctuated slightly;it increased rapidly at the pH of 7.4;the maximum equilibrium solubility of aesculin was obtained at the pH of 8.0(10.58 g?L-1).The oil/water partition coefficient of aesculin changed slowly at the pH of 1.2～6.0;it decreased significantly at the pH of 6.0;the minimum oil/water partition coefficient was obtained at the pH of 8.0(0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The equilibrium solubility of aesculin and its apparent oil/water partition coefficient are associated with the pH of medium.The reason that aesculin has no effect on uric acid after oral administration is relevant to poor gastrointestinal tract absorption ability.

Objective Based on the radiographs to analyze the generic and the developing factors of hallux valgus.Methods Two hundred and forty-one cases were divided into two groups according to the symptoms suffered,which were normal group and hallux valgus group.All cases were female,aged 10 to 90 years old.The three parameters-the first intermetatarsal angle,sesamoid inclination angle and hallux valgus angle,were taken full weightbearing radiographs,analyzed by non-paired t test and Pearson correlation analysis according to age.Results In normal group,the first intermetatarsal angle was correlated with age ( correlation coefficient r =0.125,P =0.003 ).Sesamoid inclination angles in both groups were correlated with age( normal group r =0.384,P ＜0.001 ;hallux valgus group r =0.359,P =0.0002 ).However,hallux valgus angle had no correlation with age ( normal group r =0.066,hallux valgus group r=0.080).All 3 parameters in hallux valgus group were statistically larger than normal group.Conclusion Aging is a possible reason to cause the 1 st metatarsophlangeal joint deformity,but larger parameters were found in valgus group,suggesting the major cause of hallux valgus is congenital factor rather than aging.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Oxides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Quercetin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective: To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on corneal neovascularization(CNV) in rabbits. Methods: Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (group A, 3 rabbits), neovascularization group (group B, 9 rabbits) and Bevacizumab treatment group (group C, 36 rabbits). Group C was further divided into group C1 (1 day small dose group), C2 (1 day high dose group), C3 (14 days small dose group) and C4 (14 days high dose group), with 9 rabbits each group. CNV model was made by suture in group B and C. Animals in group C were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1 ml or 0.2 ml Bevacizumab (25 mg/ml) in the left eyes. The growth of CNV was observed every day after operation and the neovascularization areas calculated. Expression of VEGF in the cornea was detected by immunohistochemistry on day 7, 14 and 28 after suture. VEGF content in the aqueous humor was determined by ELISA assay. Results: CNV growth in group C1 and C2 was inhibited significantly compared with that in group B on day 7, 14 and 28 (P<0.01). On day 28 the growth in group C3 and C4 was significantly inhibited compared with that in group B (P<0.01), that in group C1 was significantly inhibited than that in group C3, and that in group C2 was significantly inhibited compared with that in group C4 (P<0.01). VEGF levels in the cornea and aqueous humor in group B increased as time passed by, and they were positively associated with CNV area (P<0.01). On day 7, 14, and 28, the VEGF levels in the cornea and aqueous humor in C1 and C2 groups were significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.01). On day 28, those in group C3 and C4 were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.01); those in group C1 were significantly lower than those in group C3 (P<0.01); and those in group C2 were significantly lower than those in group C4 (P<0.01). The CNV area and VEGF levels in the cornea and aqueou humor were similar between C1 and C2 groups and between C3 and C4 groups. Conclusion: Subconjunctival administration of Bevacizumab can effectively inhibit corneal neovascularization in experimental CNV model, and early administration has a better outcome than late administration. Bevacizumab may exert its effect by down-regulating VEGF in cornea and aqueous humor.

Objective: To observe the changes in the anatomy of anterior segment before and after phacoemulsification for treatment of angle-closure glaucoma by Pentacam system, so as to assess the efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with artificial lens implantation(ALI) in treatment of early- and middle-stage angle-closure glaucoma. Methods: Forty-two patients with early- and middle-stage angle-closure glaucoma(44 eyes) were included in the present study. The central anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume and peripheral anterior chamber angle were examined by Pentacam system pre-operatively and 1 day, 1 week and 3 months post operatively. Meanwhile, A ultrasound was used to examine the anterior chamber depth before and 3 months after operation, and the results were compared with those by Pentacam system. Results: Pentacam system could clearly demonstrate the 3-dimensional structures of the anterior eye segment before and after operation. The central anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume and anterior chamber angle were increased significantly after operation(P<0.01); the intraocular pressure was significantly decreased(P<0.01); and the visual acuity was improved(P<0.01). The values of central anterior chamber depth and the dispersion coefficient obtained by Pentacam were smaller than those by A ultrasound. Conclusion: Pentacam system can directly demonstrate the increase of anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and anterior chamber angle after phacoemulsification combined with ALI in treatment of early- and middle-stage angle-closure glaucoma. It is a safe method for early examination after operation.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare microspheres for nasal delivery by emulsification solvent evaporation technique using water-soluble carboxylation chitosan as the drug carrier, thus to avoid using stimulatory and toxic aldehydes crosslinkers and acid solvent which are used by the traditional method. METHODS: Zolmitriptan (ZT) was used as the model drug to prepare the carboxylation chitosan microspheres. The prescription and technology were optimized to prepare the microspheres. The yield, particle sizes, appearance, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and drug release of the microspheres were evaluated. RESULTS: The microspheres prepared by the optimized method were spherical, smooth, and free flowing. The particle sizes of the microspheres were well-distributed and the mean particle size was (21.4±10.1)μm. The drug loading was 5.67% and the encapsulation efficiency was 62.4%. The in vitro release study of the microspheres showed that the drug was sustainedly released and could be released for about 85% in 8 h. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to prepare carboxylation chitosan microspheres for nasal administration by emulsification solvent evaporation method, avoiding the use of aldehydes crosslinkers and acid solvent.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; Female ; Humans ; Librarians ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Molybdenum ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; physiology ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Silicosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology

BACKGROUND:The phenomenon of atrophy or reduction of muscle, causing degenerative changes of muscle functions, appears along with age. Sports training, in which muscle satelite cels are of great importance, is beneficial to increase in muscle mass and improvement of muscle function.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize regulatory mechanism of satelite cels in skeletal muscle mass; changes of satelite muscle cels in the degenerative process of muscle mass and strength; declining and reverse effects of sports training intervention; situations and problems of current research and prospective of the future.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed database by using the key words of “sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, satelite cels” from 1986 to 2015. The language was limited to English. The eligible papers were further analyzed and reviewed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 168 papers were screened. Finaly, 39 papers were selected according to the titles and objectives. Skeletal muscle atrophy is shown as II type muscle fiber atrophy, and the II type muscle fiber satelite cel content decreases simultaneously. Exercise is beneficial to increase muscle mass and improve muscle function in older people. Both resistance and endurance trainings can increase the skeletal muscle, especialy the II muscle fiber satelite cel content with a further increase in the satelite cel activation and proliferation. The number and activation degree of satelite cels are related to muscle aging, and satelite cels and proliferation factors regulate muscle cel formation. Therefore, future researches should not only focus on the increase of satelite cel bank, but also explore effective ways to promote the activation of satelite cels, such as exercise training, nutrition and drugs.

Objective Imaging and clinical manifestations of melioidosis were analyzed in order to improve our understanding of the disease and to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.Methods From 2001 to 2006,12 melioidosis cases were confirmed by blood,pus and sputum culture.All cases were examined with radiography,and nine of them with CT and 2 with US.The imaging and clinical data were assessed retrospectively.Results Ten of 12 cases revealed lung abnormalities,the main organ involved by melioidosis in the body.The appearances were observed as follows:diffused sheets and sheets fused partly in bilateral fields of the lungs can be seen on chest radiograph;homogeneous dense shadow of the lobe or segment were observed on plain chest film and CT;blurred strips radiated from hilum were revealed on plain chest film;multitude nodules in 2 lungs showed on CT;cavity with air and liquid be seen on plain chest film and CT;patches and granules in superior and middle fields or(and)inferior fields be seen on plain chest film and CT;arc shadow of water attenuation in dorsal thorax showed on CT.Infections outside the lung can be observed in orbital,lumbar muscle,liver and spleen in 1 case,and thighbone osteomyelitis with multi abscesses in one case.Conclusion Alhough medioidosis has no characteristic imaging appearances,the disease's location,extent,severity and quantity objectively can be demonstrated by imaging,final confirmation is necessary using the culture of blood,pus and sputum.