This paper explored influences of situational teaching competition on improvement of pathology teaching effect.Students were grouped to create situational teaching works under teacher's guidance and finally competition was carried out.Teachers were invited to do the judgment and evaluation on pathology teaching was made through teachers' feedback and students' questionnaire survey.Results showed that during the process of situational teaching centered on students,teaching forms were diversified,teacher evaluation was high and students' responses were active.Application of situational teaching competition made exchanging the roles of teachers and students and teaching in joy,which on the one hand stimulated students' enthusiasm,initiative and creativity and on the other hand improved teaching level of teachers.Satisfactory teaching effects were achieved after using this method.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Oxides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Quercetin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH) and laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH).Methods The study retrospectively analyzed 75 cases of TVH(TVH Group) and 69 cases of LAVH(LAVH Group) from January 2004 to October 2004.All the patients were diagnosed as having benign uterine diseases,without uterine prolapse and less than 20 gestational weeks.Results Compared with the LAVH Group,the TVH Group had a shorter operative time(83.6?19.4 min vs 133.7?48.1 min;t=-8.317,P=0.000),less blood loss(116.4?55.3 ml vs 186.1?292.1 ml;t=-2.028,P=0.000),and lower total cost of operation(4733.27?577.81 yuan vs 7471.30?1042.17 yuan;t=(-19.702),P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pyrexia between the TVH Group(4.0%,(3/75)) and the LAVH Group(8.7%,6/69)(?~2=0.670,P=0.413).Conclusions As compared with laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy,transvaginal hysterectomy has shorter operative time,less blood loss,and lower cost of operation.

HIV Infections ; virology ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Virus Replication ; physiology

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on liver VX2 tumor in rabbits after intratumoral injection. Methods 40 rabbits with implantation of liver VX2 tumors were randomly divided into 4 groups and intratumorally injected with different preparations.Group A: (control group), 1 ml nomal saline containing 0.2% CMC-Na; Group B: ( 5-Fu group),20 mg/ml 5-Fu 1 ml; Group C: (Nano HAP), 20 mg/ml Nano HAP 1 ml; Group D: (5-Fu+Nano HAP), 20 mg/ml 5-Fu 1 ml and 20 mg/ml Nano HAP 1 ml. Ultrasonography was performed to measure liver tumor volume 7, 14, 21 d after treatment. Survival durations of the animals were recorded. Tumor tissues and liver tissues close to tumor were obtained and examined histologically.Results The average tumor volumes 7, 14 and 21 d after treatment were (4.93 ±0.76)cm3,(15. 67±2.75)cm3 and (52. 36±10. 57)cm3 in group A, (4. 16±0. 33)cm3 , (10. 26± 1.60)cm3 and (18. 89±4.65)cm3 in group B, (1.43±0.13)cm3 , (3.69±0.77)cm3 and (9.51±2.09)cm3 in group C, (2. 80±0.46)cm3 , (3. 77±0. 91)cm3 and (8. 46±0.95)cm3 in group D respectively. The average tumor volumes of groups B, C and D were significantly smaller than that of group A in the same time phases after treatment. The life span of group C was longer than that of other three groups, and there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group D, although the two groups were significantly longer than group A. Blood flow was not detected by color Doppler or power Doppler in group C and group D. Pathological examination showed that there was obvious intratumoral necrosis in group C and D. Tumor in group B exhibited thoroughgoing necrosis. Conclusion Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles intratumoral injection is safe and feasible for treatment of liver tumor. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can exert a significant inhibitory effect on liver VX2 tumor growth in rabbits without liver toxicity.

Objective To discuss the mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction against renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods The rat models of renal interstitial fibrosis were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, and were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, Liuwei Dihuang Decoction group and enalapril group. Liuwei Dihuang Decoction group was given 6.25 g/(kg?d) of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction for gavage, enalapril group was given 10 mg/(kg?d) enalapril for gavage, sham-operation group and model group were given 10 mL/(kg?d) of distilled water for gavage, 1 time per day for 12 weeks. Expressions of HIF-1α, CollI, and CollIII in kidney tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, the expressions of HIF-1α, CollI, and CollIII of renal tissue in the model group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Liuwei Dihuang Decoction group and enalapril group can inhibit the expressions of HIF-1α, CollI, and CollIII (P<0.05), and Liuwei Dihuang Decoction group was better than enalapril group (P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction against renal interstitial fibrosis may improve the renal tissue of chronic hypoxia to play the role of preventing renal interstitial fibrosis by decreasing the expressions of HIF-1α, CollI, and CollIII.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ceftazidime for injection. Methods HPLC column was TSK-GEL G2000SWXL gel column. Mobile phase of phosphate buffer ( pH 7. 0) was 0. 005 mol · L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate solution-0. 005 mol · L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution ( 61 : 39 ). The detection wavelength was 231 nm; column temperature was 30 ℃ ; the injection volume was 20 μL. Results Ceftazidime reference linear range was 0. 51-25. 64 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999), ceftazidime for injection polymer linear range was 0. 20-3. 92 mg·mL-1 (r=0. 99), and the limit of quantification polymer was 0. 71 μg. Conclusion The method is rapid and the separation was good. It can be used for the detection of ceftazidime for injection.

Objective To investigate the influence of tiotropium bromide on lung function index,quality of life and re-hospitalization risk of patients with bronchial dilation and pulmonary infection.Methods 100 patients with bronchiectasis and lung infection were chosen,and they were randomly divided into control group (50 patients) with BAL used alone and observation group(50 patients) with tiotropium bromide on the basis of control group.The short-term clinical effects,the levels of FVC,FEV1 and FEV1 ％,BODE index scores and QLI scores before and after treatment,and re-hospitalization rate of the two groups were compared.Results The short-term effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(94.00％ vs.76.00％,x2 =7.81,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of FVC,FEV1 and FEV1％ after treatment of both two groups were significantly higherthan before treatment[(2.78 ±0.57)L vs.(2.15 ± 0.33) L,(3.60 ± 0.71) L vs.(2.20 ± 0.36) L;(2.15 ± 0.42)L vs.(1.23 ±0.32)L,(2.77±0.59)L vs.(1.17 ±0.29)L;(65.25 ±11.45)％ vs.(51.79 ±9.23)％,(77.46 ±15.80) ％ vs.(52.02 ± 9.36) ％,t =2.34,2.97;2.52,3.07;2.47,3.12,all P ＜ 0.05].After treatment,the levels of FVC,FEV1 and FEV1 ％ of the observation group were significantly higher than control group [(3.60 ± 0.71) L vs.(2.78 ±0.57)L;(2.77 ±0.59)L vs.(2.15 ±0.42)L;(77.46±15.80)％ vs.(65.25 ± 11.45)％,t =2.26,2.44,2.30,all P ＜0.05].The QLI score and BODE index scores after treatment of both two groups were significantly better than before treatment[(3.37 ± 0.54) points vs.(3.95 ± 0.65) points,(2.11 ± 0.40) points vs.(3.87 ±0.61)points,(7.28 ±1.18)points vs.(5.04 ± 0.95) points,(8.69 ± 1.54) points vs.(5.13 ±0.98) points,t =2.29,2.81;2.50,2.96,all P ＜ 0.05].After treatment,the QLI score and BODE index scores of the observation group were significantly better than the control group[(2.11 ±0.40) points vs.(3.37 ±0.54) points,(8.69 ± 1.54) points vs.(7.28 ± 1.18)points,t =2.21,2.44,all P ＜ 0.05].The re-hospitalization rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (16.00％ vs.2.00％;28.00％ vs.6.00％;x2 =8.02,9.74,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Selective cholinergic receptor blocker combined with BAL in the treatment of patients with bronchial dilation and pulmonary infection can efficiently relieve the respiratory symptoms,improve lung function,improve the quality of life and is helpful to avoid re-hospitalization occurrence.

Objective To observe the effect of Chinese yam polysaccharide on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and Chinese yam polysaccharide group. Renal ischemia reperfusion injury model in rats was prepared. Seven days before operation, Chinese yam polysaccharide group was gastrically administrated with yam polysaccharide (200 mg/kg) daily, sham operation group and model group with same volume of saline respectively. BUN and SCr were detected postoperative 6 h, the protein expression of HIF-1αin renal tissue was detected by Western Blot, and HIF-1αand VEGF mRNA expression in renal tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with sham operation group, serum levels of BUN and SCr of model group and Chinese yam polysaccharides group increased (P<0.01), and the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, mRNA expression of VEGF in renal tissue increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, serum levels of BUN and SCr of Chinese yam polysaccharide group decreased (P<0.01), and HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression, VEGF mRNA expression in renal tissue increased (P<0.01). Conclusion Chinese yam polysaccharide has obvious protective effect on renal ischemia reperfusion injury, which may be related with up-regulation of HIF-1αexpression and induction of VEGF expression.

Objective To investigate cholecystokinin (CCK),carbachol, and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)stimulating peptide chain elongation in mouse pancreatic acini in vitro and its molecular mechanism. Methods ~3H-lecucine incorporation assay was used to measure the basal and secretagogues-stimulated pancreatic acini elongation rates. Western blot was applied to analyse the effect of phosphorylation of the elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and the eEF2 kinase. MEK inhibitor (PD98059), SAPK/p38 inhibitor (SB202190), and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) were used to respectively block MEK, SAPK/p38, and mTOR intracellular pathways or the phosphatase inhibitor (calyculin A) pretreatment before CCK treatment. Results All secretagogues except VIP increased the peptide chain elongation in mouse pancreatic acini in vitro. All secretagogues except VIP inhibited the phosphorylation level of eEF2 on Thr-56 and increased the phosphorylation level of eEF2K on Ser-366, which might correlate with their activation status. MEK inhibitor PD98059 partially reversed the dephosphorylation of eEF2 induced by CCK, as did treatment p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A.Conclusion CCK increases peptide chain elongation via inducement of dephosphorylation of eEF2 and eEF2 kinase phosphorylation in pancreatic acini in vitro. CCK-induced dephosphorylation of eEF2 in pancreatic acinar cells involves MEK, SAPK/p38, and mTOR, the three intracellular pathways.