Objective:To compare the effects between estrogen and Prasterone(Dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA) on improving atherosclerosis of ovariectomized rabbits. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand white rabbits of three months old were randomly divided into five groups: Group A: normal control;Group B: sham operation + high cholesterol feeding;Group C: ovariectomized + high cholesterol feeding;Group D: ovariectomized + high cholesterol feeding+ estradiol benzoate;Group E: ovariectomized + high cholesterol feeding+ DHEA.Twelve weeks later,all rabbits were sacrificed,the serum TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,NO and estradiol levels were measured.The aortas and uterus were harvested for histomorphometrical evaluation with light and scanning electron microscope.The area ratios of atherosclerotic lesion to endothelium,and the thickness and area ratios of endothelium to the medium were determined by computer. Results: ①Following the treatment for 12 weeks,no significant difference was found in serum TC、LDL-C、HDL-C levels among four groups except in group A.②There were significant differences between the serum triglyceride(TC)levels of group D and group C.③The serum No levels of group D and group E were significantly higher than that of groupC.④The serum estradiol levels of group D and group E were significantly higher than that of groupC.⑤The area ratios of atherosclerotic lesion to endothelium and the thickness and area ratios of endothelium to the medium in group D and group E were significantly lower than that of group C.⑥Endometrial hyperplasia of group D was significant,while there was no such Phenomena in group E. Conclusion: Estrogen and DHEA can alleviate the early pathological changes of atherosclerosis of the ovariectomized rabbits,prevent and reduce the formation of atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the changes in gene expression profiles of dendritic cells(DCs) during their maturation processes using cDNA microarray.Method DCs were generated from human peripheral blood monocytes induced by GM-CSF and IL-4,and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce the maturation of DCs.After inducing for 48h,cells were collected to extract the general RNA.Genes expressions of mature DCs(maDC) and immature DCs(imDC) were analyzed using cDNA microarray,and immature DCs without induction served as control.Results DCs expressed highly surface markers of mature DCs after LPS induction.The studied data showed that among those 165 target genes,a total of 50 genes(30.3%) exhibited differential levels of expression in LPS-induced mature DCs.Thirty-five genes were up-regulated and fifteen genes were down-regulated.Maturation-dependent up-regulation,defined by a differential expression ratio of ≥2,included twelve cytokine and chemokine genes,ten antigen uptake and presentation genes and thirteen signal transduction molecule genes.Reciprocally,maturation-dependent down-regulation,defined by a differential expression ratio of ≤0.5,occurred with two cytokine,five antigen uptake and presentation genes and eight signal transduction molecule genes.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to further confirm the results of cDNA microarray.Conclusion It is suggested that LPS has significant influence on many genes of DCs in their maturing processes.Those changed genes include cytokines,chemokines and their receptors,antigen uptake and presentation molecules and signal transduction molecules.Analysis on these differentially expressed genes is helpful in understanding the maturing processes of DCs.

Objective To evaluate and compare the immunopathological changes of lumbar disc herniation and discogenic pain. Methods Seventy-one lumbar disc nucleuses were collected intra-operation,and they were divided into four groups. Group A: 30 cases of disc herniation, Group B: 22 cases of sequestered disc herniation, and the patients in Group A and B received discectomy; Group C: 10 cases of discogenic pain were confirmed by discography, and the painful disc was excised through anterior retroperitoneal approach; Group D: 9 cases of lumbar bust fracture who received anterior subtotal corpectomy and discectomy, and the nearly normal caudal disc was collected as control. The disc nucleuses were processed in the following methods: 1) HE stain and pathological observation; 2) Immunocytochemical test using monoclonal antibodies to CD68 and CD45RO molecule for macrophage and T lymphocytes, respectively. The positive cells were counted and analyzed with statistic method. Results 1) Pathological observation with HE stain: compare to control group, the degeneration of nucleus cell was evident in the other groups. There were obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal neovascularization in group A and especially in Group B.In Group C, only diffuse inflammatory cells was found without neovascularization, but the degeneration of matrix was more severe. 2) Positive rate of CD68 cells: Group B (63.6%)＞Group C (40.0%)＞Group A (26.7%)＞Group D (0%). There were significant differences among groups (P＜0.05). 3) Positive rate of CD45RO cells:Group B (59.1%)＞Group A (13.3%), Group C and D were negative, and the positive cell were found in slice of the same site of positive CD68 cells. The differences between each group were significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion The nucleus of herniated disc has evident inflammatory and autoimmunity reaction. The nucleus of discogenic pain is infiltrated with diffuse inflammatory cells and some macrophages, without T lymphocyte and neovasularization, so the autoimmunity course is not evident.

To explore the clinical effect of alendronate combined with Jintiange capsules in the treatment of postmeno-pausal osteoporosis ( PMOP) . Methods:Ninety-eight cases of PMOP patients were randomly divided into three groups. The combina-tion treatment group (34 cases) was treated with alendronate tablets combined with Jintiange capsules, while the control group A (32 cases) and the control group B (32 cases) was respectively treated with alendronate tablets and Jintiange capsules, and the treatment course was six months. The changes of the clinical symptom score, bone mineral density ( BMD) , serum calcium, serum phosphorus, AKP, hepatorenal function and so on before and after the treatment were recorded. Results:After the six-month treatment, the clinical symptom score of the treatment group was much better than that in the two control groups(P<0. 05). BMD in the three groups was in-creased after the treatment(P<0. 05), and the increase in the treatment group was more notable than that in the two control groups(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Alendronate combined with Jintiange capsules can effectively improve BMD and relieve clinical symptoms in the patients with PMOP, which is worthy of promoted application.

A piece of news was introduced into pharmacology course examination.Students were asked to make comments on the news based on pharmacology knowledge or principles.All points of view were summarized and given back to the students after the examination. The right way to answer the question was discussed and a consensus on the answer was reached.lt was indicated that the teaching method in the trial is helpful for improvement of students' overall analytical skills.

Objective To approach the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on protection of vascular endothelial cells in rats with sepsis and its mechanism.Methods Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a normal saline pretreatment group (control group) and a UTI pretreatment group (UTI group), each groupn = 26. The rats in two groups were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal injection for the establishment of rat septic models. In UTI group, 18 hours before LPS injection, intraperitoneal injection of UTI 100 kU/kg dissolved in 5 mL normal saline was given, while in the control group, 3 hours before LPS injection, intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline was given to the rats for pretreatment. Respectively, at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 72 hours after model establishment, tail venous blood and myocardial tissue were taken. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the correlation between TNF-α and ICAM-1 was analyzed; the expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cell was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results After model establishment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM and VCAM in two groups were gradually increased, reaching the peaks at 24, 12, 12, 72, 72 hours, respectively. Compared with control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM of UTI group were significantly lower at various time points [24 hours TNF-α (ng/L): 119.8±28.9 vs. 190.2±30.4, 12 hours IL-6 (ng/L): 327.8±26.9 vs. 948.7±63.8, 72 hours VCAM (ng/L): 36.3±3.2 vs. 68.8±2.4, 72 hours ICAM-1 (ng/L): 115.6±11.6 vs. 129.4±8.2,P < 0.05 orP < 0.01], IL-10 was significantly increased [12 hours (ng/L): 80.7±1.9 vs. 42.3±4.9,P < 0.01]. TNF-αwas positively correlated to ICAM significantly (UTI group:r = 0.907,P = 0.050; control group:r = 0.961, P = 0.010). Immunohistochemistry showed that after modeling for 0.5 hour, basically no positive expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cells was found in the two groups; in the control group, at 12 hours the positive expression of ICAM-1 was increased, and in UTI group, a little expression of ICAM-1 was seen; at 72 hours, the expression of ICAM-1 was significantly increased in both groups.Conclusion UTI can protect the function of endothelial cells in rats with sepsis by regulating the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammatory cytokine, adhesion molecules, and improving the microvascular permeability.

Objective To investigate the different expression pattern of Src-homology2 domain phosphatase (SHP)-1 and SHP-2 in human papiilomavirus (HPV)6/11 infected condyloma acuminatum (CA) and the significance of the difference. Methods HPV6/11 related CA cases were diagnosed by in situ hybridization. The expression and distribution of SHP-1 and SHP-2 were examined by SP immunohistochemistry technique in skin samples from 40 HPV 6/11 positive CA cases and 20 healthy control (foreskins). Results The positive rates of SHP-1 and SHP-2 were 80% and 85% respectively in CA, which were significantly higher than those in healthy control cases (only 35% and 30%, respectively, X2=11.87,P<0.01; X2 =18. 15,P<0. 01) . The SHP-1 and/or SHP-2 positive cells in CA skin lesions were mainly distributed in prickle layer, showing as brown yellow, with the positive staining located in cytoplasm. Contrastively, the SHP-1 and/or SHP-2 positive cells in healthy controls were rare and mainly distributed in basal layer, showing as pale yellow with the positive staining located in cytoplasm. There was no significant correlation between the expression of SHP-1 and SHP-2 in CA( rs = 1.0, P>0.05 ). Conclusion The expressions of SHP-1 and SHP-2 increase in HPV6/11 positive CA, which suggest that with the infection of HPV6/11, SHP-1 and SHP-2 may play a regulatory role in the proliferation of keratinocytes.

Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Congresses as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Societies, Medical ; Specialization ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate effects of dendritic cells (DC) vaccine on immune function in postoperative gastric cancer patients Methods DCs were extracted and pulsed with self tumor antigens in vitro Fifty patients with gastric cancer were divided into 2 groups randomly Four times of DC vaccinations were administered at 7 days intervals to the postoperative patients in treatment group after they underwent chemotherapy The control group were treated with chemotherapy only The level of IL 12 、 IFN ? and IL 4 in peripheral blood were analysed Results In DCs group, the levels of IL 12 were 37?4、 68?6、 96?12 and 59?9 pg/ml, the levels of IFN ? were 61?12、 134?19、 145?20 and 111?15 pg/ml, and levels of IL 4 were 55?7、 49?6、 46?5 and 50?8 pg/ml before and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination, respectively In control group, the levels of IL 12 were 39?7、 45?9、 44?10 and 44?6 pg/ml, the levels of IFN ? were 63?10、 61?13、 62?11、 61?7 pg/ml, and levels of IL 4 were 52?11、 55?9、 53?10、 55?8 pg/ml before and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination, respectively The levels of IL 12 and IFN ? increased significantly in DCs group No severe side effects were found during treatment Conclusion DC vaccine improves immune function of posroprative patients with gastric cancer

Animals ; Arrestins ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; beta-Arrestin 1 ; beta-Arrestins